Anti-inflammatory effect of fucoidan isolated from fermented Sargassum fusiforme in in vitro and in vivo models.

Fucoidans possess potent anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effect of the fucoidan (SFF-PS-F5) isolated from fermented Sargassum fusiforme was evaluated in vitro in RAW 264.7 macrophages and in vivo in zebrafish. The in vitro test results demonstrate that SFF-PS-F5 effectively inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells. SFF-PS-F5 effectively and concentration-dependently improved the viability of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, and reduced the level of prostaglandin E2, interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6. Further results display that these effects were actioned by suppressing the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 via regulating the nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway. The in vivo test results indicate that SFF-PS-F5 remarkably reduced reactive oxygen species, cell death, and NO levels in LPS-treated zebrafish. These results indicate that SFF-PS-F5 could inhibit both in vitro and in vivo inflammatory responses and suggest it is a functional ingredient in the functional food and cosmetic industries.

Fucoidan isolated from fermented Sargassum fusiforme suppresses oxidative stress through stimulating the expression of superoxidase dismutase and catalase by regulating Nrf2 signaling pathway.

In this study, a fucoidan (SFF-PS-F5) with a molecular weight of 213.33 kDa was isolated from fermented Sargassum fusiforme and the antioxidant activity of SFF-PS-F5 was investigated in vitro in Vero cells and in vivo in zebrafish. SFF-PS-F5 contains 91.68% of fucoidan (72.06% of carbohydrate and 19.62% of sulfate content). SFF-PS-F5 protected hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-stimulated Vero cells damage by suppressing apoptosis via scavenging intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by up-regulating the intracellular antioxidants. Further results indicated that these actions worked by elevating Nrf2 levels. The in vivo test results displayed that SFF-PS-F5 improved the survival rate by attenuating cell death via suppressing lipid peroxidation by scavenging ROS in H2O2-stimulated zebrafish. These results indicated that SFF-PS-F5 isolated from S. fusiforme possesses potent in vitro and in vivo antioxidant effects and it is a potential ingredient in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical industries.

Arsenic removal from the popular edible seaweed Sargassum fusiforme by sequential processing involving hot water, citric acid, and fermentation.

Higher quantities of arsenic (As) in Sargassum fusiforme limit its use as a food ingredient. The present study aimed to reduce As in S. fusiforme using sequential processing involving hot water, citric acid, and fermentation. The As content in S. fusiforme of 76.18 mg/kg was reduced to 30.47 mg/kg and 24.45 mg/kg using hot water and citric acid processing, respectively. However, the As content in S. fusiforme was reduced to 9.09 mg/kg by sequential processing with hot water and citric acid. Using response surface methodology, optimal processing conditions for S. fusiforme were determined to be treatment with hot water at 60 °C for 120 min followed by treatment with 0.4% citric acid. To further reduce the As content, the processed S. fusiforme was fermented by Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and the As content was further reduced to 1.64 mg/kg. In addition, the levels of organic acids and amino acids in S. fusiforme pre- and post-fermentation were significantly altered. These results indicated that the As content in S. fusiforme could be effectively reduced using the sequential processing with hot water, citric acid, and L. rhamnosus fermentation, and the organic acid and amino acid levels were significantly altered by L. rhamnosus fermentation.

Protective effect of green tea catechin against urban fine dust particle-induced skin aging by regulation of NF-κB, AP-1, and MAPKs signaling pathways.

The increase in ambient fine dust particles (FDP) due to urbanization and industrialization has been identified as a major contributor to air pollution. It has become a serious issue that threatens human health because it causes respiratory diseases and skin aging. In the present study, the protective effect of the green tea catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), against FDP (ERM-CZ100)-stimulated skin aging in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) was investigated. The results demonstrate that EGCG significantly and dose-dependently scavenged intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in and increased the viability of FDP-stimulated HDFs. In addition, EGCG dose-dependently recovered collagen synthesis and inhibited intracellular elastase and collagenase activities. Moreover, EGCG decreased the expression of human matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) via regulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), activator protein 1 (AP-1), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathways in FDP-stimulated HDFs. This study suggests that EGCG is a potential anti-aging candidate that can be used for FDP-induced skin aging as a therapeutic agent itself or as an ingredient in pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical products.

Protective Effect of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Celluclast-Assisted Extract of Hizikia fusiforme Against Ultraviolet B-Induced Skin Damage by Regulating NF-κB, AP-1, and MAPKs Signaling Pathways In Vitro in Human Dermal Fibroblasts.

Our previous study evaluated the antioxidant activities of sulfated polysaccharides from Celluclast-assisted extract of Hizikia fusiforme (HFPS) in vitro in Vero cells and in vivo in zebrafish. The results showed that HFPS possesses strong antioxidant activity and suggested the potential photo-protective activities of HFPS. Hence, in the present study, we investigated the protective effects of HFPS against ultraviolet (UV) B-induced skin damage in vitro in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF cells). The results indicate that HFPS significantly reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and improved the viability of UVB-irradiated HDF cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, HFPS significantly inhibited intracellular collagenase and elastase activities, remarkably protected collagen synthesis, and reduced matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression by regulating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), activator protein 1 (AP-1), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathways in UVB-irradiated HDF cells. These results suggest that HFPS possesses strong UV protective effect, and can be a potential ingredient in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.

Protective Effect of Water Extract of Citrus Pomace against AAPH-Induced Oxidative Stress In Vitro in Vero Cells and In Vivo in Zebrafish.

Citrus pomace (CP) is a by-product occurred during juice or other products processing. The enormous amount of CP caused serious environmental issues. However, CP is rich in a variety of bioactive compounds. In the present study, a water extract of CP (CPW) was prepared from the by-product and the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of CPW were investigated. The in vitro antioxidant activities of CPW were evaluated by measuring the free radical scavenging activity and protective effects against 2,2-azobis(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidative stress in Vero cells. CPW scavenges 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, alkyl, and hydroxyl radicals at IC50 of 0.16±0.00, 0.31±0.01, and 0.86±0.02 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, CPW improved cell viability and scavenged intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in AAPH-stimulated Vero cells in a dose-dependent manner. The in vivo antioxidant activities of CPW were investigated in a model of AAPH-induced zebrafish embryos. CPW significantly improved the survival rates and reduced heartbeat rates in AAPH-stimulated zebrafish. Furthermore, the intracellular ROS and cell death levels were remarkably decreased in CPW-treated zebrafish. Therefore, the present results indicated that CPW possesses potent in vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties and could be a potential ingredient used in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.