ABSTRACT
The conventional Hall effect is linearly proportional to the field component or magnetization component perpendicular to a film. Despite the increasing theoretical proposals on the Hall effect to the in-plane field or magnetization in various special systems induced by the Berry curvature, such an unconventional Hall effect has only been experimentally reported in Weyl semimetals and in a heterodimensional superlattice. Here, we report an unambiguous experimental observation of the antisymmetric planar Hall effect (APHE) with respect to the in-plane magnetic field in centrosymmetric rutile RuO2 and IrO2 single-crystal films. The measured Hall resistivity is found to be linearly proportional to the component of the applied in-plane magnetic field along a particular crystal axis and to be independent of the current direction or temperature. Both the experimental observations and theoretical calculations confirm that the APHE in rutile oxide films is induced by the Lorentz force. Our findings can be generalized to ferromagnetic materials for the discovery of anomalous Hall effects and quantum anomalous Hall effects induced by in-plane magnetization. In addition to significantly expanding knowledge of the Hall effect, this work opens the door to explore new members in the Hall effect family.
ABSTRACT
This paper simulated the spatial patterns of cultivated land in China under the future scenario by using the Dynamics of Land System (DLS) model, and then estimated the cultivated land productivity at the grid pixel dimensions based on the Estimation System of Land Production (ESLP). In addition, the spatial patterns of cultivated land productivity in each of China agro-ecological zones were analyzed. On this basis, this paper predicted the impacts of cultivated land conversion on the cultivated land production in China in 2000-2020, and identified the major affecting factors on the cultivated land production. The research results indicated that the impact of improving the cultivated land productivity on the cultivated land production would be wunch more remarkable than that from the magnitude of cultivated land conversion in regions where there were high potential to imrprove the cultivated land productivity. However, in the regions with nearly no room to improve the productivity, cultivated land conversion would produce more apparent impacts on the total cultivated land production. In this sense, it was of significance for the national food security in China to adjust the cultivated land conversion to ensure the 0.12 billion hm2 of cultivated land, and to increase investment and improve management level to increase per unit grain yield.
