ABSTRACT
Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether the spread pattern affects functional staging in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We examined the spreading patterns of disease following symptom onset and the affected regions in ALS using electromyography. Methods: This study reviewed the medical records of 103 patients with sporadic ALS in the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from 2012 to 2017. According to the clinical manifestation and the distribution of the affected regions on electromyography, spread patterns were classified as discontiguous or contiguous. The patients were graded according to the ALS-Milano-Torino staging (MITOS) system. Results: The clinical spread patterns were contiguous in 91.5% of patients and discontiguous in 8.5% of patients. The electrophysiological spread patterns were contiguous in 87.4% of patients and discontiguous in 12.6% of patients. Sex, age, or delay in diagnosis did not affect the clinical or electrophysiological spread patterns. No significant correlation was observed between the clinical classification and the ALS-MITOS grade, but the electrophysiological spread was significantly correlated with the ALS-MITOS. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that not all ALS patients show contiguous clinical or electrophysiological spread patterns. The electrophysiological spread pattern can affect the functional staging in ALS patients.
ABSTRACT
To investigate the risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage in general population.Methods:The related research was searched through English Medical Current Contents (EMCC),China Hospital Knowledge Database (CHKD),MEDLINE,and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM).The search terms were intracerebral hemorrhage,factor,and case-control study or cohort study.Results:There were 8 literatures with original data were in accordance with the inclusion criteria.All the data could not be combined because there were some differences in counting and metrology in the risk factors included in all the studies.Hypertension,family history of cerebrovascular disease,high salt diet,alcohol consumption,diabetes mellitus,high diastolic pressure,high systolic pressure,smoking,snoring disease,and increased weighted mean difference of body mass index (BMI) (95% confidence interval) were 5.71 (4.00-6.79),3.54 (2.44-5.14),2.58 (1.94-3.43),2.80 (2.29-3.43),2.78 (1.83-4.23,1.90 (1.35-2.70),17.76 (16.60-18.92),30.43 (28.61-32.25),5.42 (5.15-5.70),1.90 (1.34-2.69),6.88 (4.61-10.26,and 5.42 (5.15-5.70),respectively.There were significant differences between the patient groups and control groups among the above indexes (all P<0.000 01).Conclusions:The risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage include hypertension,family history of cerebrovascular disease,high salt diet,smoking,alcohol consumption,snoring disease,diabetes mellitus,overweight,high diastolic blood pressure,high systolic blood pressure and increased BMI.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To systematically review the association between apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphism and cerebral infarction in Chinese Han population. Methods: The pertinent literature of the gene polymorphism and the case control studies of cerebral infarction in Chinese Han population were researched comprehensively by combined application of 5 effective retrieval approaches. The odds ratio (OR) of the genotype distribution in cerebral infarction group and control group were calculated. Results: A total of 1986 patients with cerebral infarction and controls were included in the meta-analysis. After the data were pooled, the OR values of ApoE ε2/ε3, ApoE ε3/ε3, ApoE ε2/ε4, ApoE ε3/ε4, and ApoE ε4/ε4 were 0. 59 (95% CI, 0.44-0. 79), 0. 52 (95% CI, 0. 40-0.69), 2.00 (95% CI, 1.22-3.28), 2.77 (95% CI, 1.60-4.81 ), and 4. 66 (95% CI, 1.61-13.48), respectively. Conclusions: ApoE ε2/ε4, ApoE ε3/ε4 and ApoE ε4/ε4 genotypes are the risk factors of cerebral infarction. ApoE ε2/ε3 and ApoE ε3/ε3 genotypes are the protective factors of cerebral infarction.
