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1.
J Small Anim Pract ; 2024 Mar 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38549257

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical outcome of dogs diagnosed with concurrent discospondylitis/vertebral physitis and congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records from two academic institutions were searched for dogs diagnosed with discospondylitis and/or vertebral physitis, and a concurrent intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Dogs were excluded if they did not undergo attenuation of their shunt, did not have a single congenital intrahepatic shunt and did not have at least 90 days of follow-up. RESULTS: Six dogs fittedmet the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. Discospondylitis alone was diagnosed in four dogs, vertebral physitis alone in one dog and both discospondylitis and vertebral physitis in one dog. Three dogs had a right divisional intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, and three dogs had a left divisional intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Median duration of antimicrobial therapy was 112 days (range 14 to 240 days). Clinical resolution of discospondylitis and vertebral physitis was noted in all dogs. Endovascular attenuation was performed in all dogs a median of 82 days after presentation (range 1 to 317 days). No perioperative or postoperative complications occurred. All dogs were alive at the last available follow-up a median of 513 days after presentation (range 224 to 1504 days) and free of clinical signs associated with discospondylitis or vertebral physitis, as well as their portosystemic shunt. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Dogs with intrahepatic portosystemic shunts may concurrently develop discospondylitis and vertebral physitis. With antimicrobial therapy and endovascular embolisation of their portosystemic shunt, all dogs in this study had a good outcome with clinical resolution of both disease processes. However, long-term follow-up was not obtained in all cases.

2.
J Vet Cardiol ; 33: 61-68, 2021 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33418169

ABSTRACT

An 8-year-old 28-kg male castrated rough collie was evaluated for persistent chylothorax secondary to right atrial mass. Cardiac ultrasound and computed tomography revealed a right atrial intra- and extraluminal mass with partial obstruction of the cranial vena cava and secondary chylothorax. Vascular stent placement was elected to alleviate cranial vena cava obstruction and secondary chylothorax. An 18 mm × 180 mm self-expanding stent was deployed in the region of the stricture, spanning the cranial vena cava and right atrium. An intrathoracic drainage catheter and subcutaneous port were placed within the right hemithorax, and antiplatelet therapy was initiated. Four weeks later, the dog underwent stereotactic body radiation therapy. Three months following treatment, the dog was diagnosed with supraventricular tachycardia and received antiarrhythmic therapy and antiangiogenic/antiproliferative medication (Palladia™). Subsequent evaluations confirmed the resolution of arrhythmia and pleural effusion. Combined vascular stent placement and stereotactic body radiation therapy for the treatment of a right atrial intraluminal and extraluminal mass leading to cranial vena cava compression and subsequent chylothorax may lead to long-term survival. A good outcome was achieved in this patient due to resolution of pleural effusion, as well as cytoreduction and presumably delayed progression of tumor growth.


Subject(s)
Chylothorax/veterinary , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Heart Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Radiosurgery/veterinary , Stents/veterinary , Animals , Constriction, Pathologic/surgery , Constriction, Pathologic/veterinary , Dog Diseases/drug therapy , Dog Diseases/radiotherapy , Dogs , Male , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
3.
Domest Anim Endocrinol ; 75: 106595, 2021 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33307335

ABSTRACT

Insulin glargine (IGla) is a synthetic human-recombinant insulin analog that is used routinely in people as a q24h basal insulin. The 300 U/mL (U300) formulation of IGla is associated with longer duration of action and less within-day variability, making it a better basal insulin compared with the 100 U/mL (U100) formulation. We hypothesized that in healthy cats, IGlaU300 has a flatter time-action profile and longer duration of action compared with IGlaU100. Seven healthy neutered male, purpose-bred cats were studied in a randomized, crossover design. Pharmacodynamics of IGlaU100 and IGlaU300 (0.8 U/kg, subcutaneous) were determined by the isoglycemic clamp method. The time-action profile of IGlaU300 was flatter compared with IGlaU100 as demonstrated by lower peak (5.6 ± 1.1 mg/kg/min vs 8.3 ± 1.9 mg/kg/min, respectively; P = 0.04) with no difference in total metabolic effect (ME; P = 0.7) or duration of action (16.8 h ± 4.7 h vs 13.4 h ± 2.6 h; P = 0.2). The greater fraction of ME in the 12- to 24-h period postinjection (35 ± 23% vs 7 ± 8% respectively; P = 0.048) and lower intraday GIR% variability (7.8 ± 3.7% vs 17.4 ± 8.2% respectively; P = 0.03) supports a flatter time-action profile of IGlaU300. There were no differences in onset and end of the action. In summary, although both formulations have a similar duration of action that is well below 24 h, the ME of IGlaU300 is more evenly distributed over a 24 h period in healthy cats, making it a better candidate for once-daily injection in diabetics compared with IGlaU100.


Subject(s)
Hypoglycemic Agents , Insulin, Long-Acting , Animals , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Cats , Cross-Over Studies , Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology , Insulin/pharmacology , Insulin Glargine/pharmacology , Insulin, Long-Acting/pharmacology , Male
4.
J Comp Pathol ; 171: 30-37, 2019 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31540623

ABSTRACT

The terminology applied to canine prostatic epithelial lesions, especially carcinomas, is currently not standardized and this hampers the ability of pathologists to study the biological and clinical significance of these lesions. The aim of this review is to present the essential histomorphological diagnostic attributes of a wide spectrum of prostatic epithelial lesions in dogs. In addition to the traditionally recognized prostatic hyperplasia, hormonal atrophy, prostatitis, squamous metaplasia, adenocarcinoma and transitional cell (urothelial) carcinoma, new entities are described and discussed in order to provide veterinary pathologists with a basic atlas of common histological lesions of the canine prostate that is comprehensive and easy to use.


Subject(s)
Dog Diseases/pathology , Prostate/pathology , Prostatic Hyperplasia/veterinary , Prostatic Neoplasms/veterinary , Terminology as Topic , Animals , Dogs , Male , Prostatic Hyperplasia/pathology , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
5.
Domest Anim Endocrinol ; 69: 19-29, 2019 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31280022

ABSTRACT

Insulin glargine 300 U/mL (IGla-U300) and insulin degludec (IDeg) are synthetic insulin analogs designed as basal insulin formulations. In people, IGla-U300 is more predictable and longer acting compared with glargine 100 U/mL. The duration of action of IDeg in people is > 42 h, allowing flexibility in daily administration. We hypothesized that IDeg would have longer duration of action compared with IGla-U300 in healthy purpose-bred cats. Seven cats received 0.4 U/kg (subcutaneous) of IDeg and IGla-U300 on two different days, >1 wk apart. Exogenous insulin was measured and pharmacodynamic parameters were derived from glucose infusion rates during isoglycemic clamps and suppression of endogenous insulin. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess normality, and normally distributed parameters were compared using paired t-tests. There was no difference between IDeg and IGla-U300 in onset, peak action, or total metabolic effect. On average, time to peak action (TPEAK) of IGla-U300 was 145 ± 114 min (95% confidence interval [CI] = 25-264) longer than TPEAK of IDeg (P = 0.03) and duration of action (TDUR) of IGla-U300 was 250 ± 173 min (95% CI = 68-432) longer than TDUR of IDeg (P = 0.02). The "flatness" of the time-action profile (as represented by the quotient of peak action/TDUR) was significantly greater for IGla-U300 compared with IDeg (P = 0.04). Overall, insulin concentration measurements concurred with findings from isoglycemic clamps. Based on these data, IDeg is not suitable for once-daily administration in cats. The efficacy of once-daily IGla-U300 in diabetic cats should be further investigated.


Subject(s)
Cats/metabolism , Insulin Glargine/pharmacokinetics , Insulin, Long-Acting/pharmacokinetics , Animals , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Cats/blood , Glucose Clamp Technique/veterinary , Half-Life , Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacokinetics , Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology , Insulin Glargine/pharmacology , Insulin, Long-Acting/pharmacology , Male
6.
BJA Educ ; 19(8): 261-266, 2019 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33456900
7.
J Small Anim Pract ; 60(2): 102-106, 2019 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30474219

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and type of healing complications arising after the use of the caudal auricular axial pattern flap to close defects on the head in dogs and cats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Multi-centre retrospective cohort study. Centres were recruited by the Association for Veterinary Soft Tissue Surgery Research Cooperative. Medical records of 11 centres were reviewed, and data from all dogs and cats treated with a caudal auricular axial pattern flap were retrieved. The following data were recorded: signalment, reason for reconstruction, flap dimensions, anatomic landmarks used, histological diagnosis, flap healing and whether revision surgery was required. RESULTS: Twenty-eight cases were included: 16 dogs and 12 cats. Flap length: width ratio was approximately 3:1 and flap length extended to the scapular spine in most cases. Optimal wound healing occurred in five of 16 (31%) dogs and six of 12 (50%) cats. Wound dehiscence without flap necrosis occurred in one of 16 (6%) dogs and one of 12 (8%) cats. Wound dehiscence with flap necrosis occurred in 10 of 16 (63%) dogs and five of 12 (42%) cats. Revision surgery was performed in eight of 16 (50%) dogs and three of 12 (25%) cats. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The caudal auricular axial pattern flap can provide full thickness skin coverage for large defects on the head in dogs and cats. Partial flap necrosis is a common complication, and revision surgery may be required in order to achieve final wound closure.


Subject(s)
Cat Diseases , Dog Diseases , Animals , Cats , Cohort Studies , Dogs , Retrospective Studies , Surgical Flaps , Treatment Outcome
8.
Radiol Case Rep ; 13(1): 175-178, 2018 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29487652

ABSTRACT

The rendezvous technique typically involves combined efforts of interventional radiology, endoscopy, and surgery. It can be done solely percutaneously, whereby the interventionalist gains desired access to one point in the body by approaching it from two different access sites. We present the case of a woman who underwent cholecystectomy complicated by a bile duct injury. A percutaneous rendezvous procedure enabled placement of an internal-external drain from the intrahepatic ducts through the biloma and distal common bile duct and into the duodenum. Thus, a percutaneous rendezvous technique is feasible for managing a bile duct injury when endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram alone has been unsuccessful.

9.
J Vet Intern Med ; 31(6): 1680-1685, 2017 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28940749

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Prophylactic gastropexy has been promoted as a means of preventing gastric volvulus during gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) syndrome. Little is known about the impact of gastropexy on gastrointestinal transit time. HYPOTHESIS: Laparoscopic-assisted gastropexy (LAG) will not alter gastrointestinal transit times when comparing gastric (GET), small and large bowel (SLBTT), and whole gut transit times (TTT) before and after surgery. ANIMALS: 10 healthy client-owned large-breed dogs. METHODS: Prospective clinical trial. Before surgery, all dogs underwent physical examination and diagnostic evaluation to ensure normal health status. Dogs were fed a prescription diet for 6 weeks before determination of gastrointestinal transit with a wireless motility capsule. LAG was then performed, and dogs were fed the diet for 6 additional weeks. Measurement of transit times was repeated 6 weeks after surgery. RESULTS: Ten dogs of various breeds at-risk for GDV were enrolled. No complications were encountered associated with surgery or capsule administration. There were no significant differences in GET 429 [306-1,370] versus 541 [326-1,298] (P = 0.80), SLBTT 1,243 [841-3,070] versus 1,540 [756-2,623] (P = 0.72), or TTT 1,971 [1,205-3,469] versus 1,792 [1,234-3,343] minutes (median, range) (P = 0.65) before and after LAG. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: An effect of LAG on gastrointestinal transit time was not identified, and wireless motility capsule can be safely administered in dogs after LAG.


Subject(s)
Dog Diseases/surgery , Gastrointestinal Transit , Gastropexy/veterinary , Stomach Volvulus/veterinary , Animals , Dog Diseases/prevention & control , Dogs , Female , Gastropexy/adverse effects , Laparoscopy , Male , Prospective Studies , Stomach Volvulus/prevention & control , Wireless Technology
10.
J Vet Intern Med ; 31(4): 1159-1162, 2017 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28503759

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of cancer cachexia in veterinary medicine has not been studied widely, and as of yet, no definitive diagnostic criteria effectively assess this syndrome in veterinary patients. OBJECTIVES: (1) To determine the patterns of weight change in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma treated with amputation and single-agent carboplatin during the course of adjuvant chemotherapy; and (2) to determine whether postoperative weight change is a negative prognostic indicator for survival time in dogs with osteosarcoma. ANIMALS: Eighty-eight dogs diagnosed with appendicular osteosarcoma. Animals were accrued from 3 veterinary teaching hospitals. METHODS: Retrospective, multi-institutional study. Dogs diagnosed with appendicular osteosarcoma and treated with limb amputation followed by a minimum of 4 doses of single-agent carboplatin were included. Data analyzed in each patient included signalment, tumor site, preoperative serum alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), and body weight (kg) at each carboplatin treatment. RESULTS: A slight increase in weight occurred over the course of chemotherapy, but this change was not statistically significant. Weight change did not have a significant effect on survival. Institution, patient sex, and serum ALP activity did not have a significant effect on survival. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Weight change was not a prognostic factor in these dogs, and weight loss alone may not be a suitable method of determining cancer cachexia in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Bone Neoplasms/veterinary , Carboplatin/therapeutic use , Dog Diseases/drug therapy , Osteosarcoma/veterinary , Alkaline Phosphatase/blood , Amputation, Surgical/veterinary , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Body Weight/drug effects , Bone Neoplasms/drug therapy , Bone Neoplasms/mortality , Carboplatin/adverse effects , Dog Diseases/mortality , Dogs , Extremities/surgery , Female , Male , Osteosarcoma/drug therapy , Osteosarcoma/mortality , Retrospective Studies
11.
Vet Comp Oncol ; 15(2): 441-449, 2017 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26762869

ABSTRACT

Experimental toxicological studies in laboratory animals and epidemiological human studies have reported a possible association between water fluoridation and osteosarcoma (OSA). To further explore this possibility, a case-control study of individual dogs evaluated by the UC Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital was conducted using ecologic data on water fluoridation based on the owner's residence. The case group included 161 dogs with OSA diagnosed between 2008-2012. Two cancer control groups included dogs diagnosed with lymphoma (LSA) or hemangiosarcoma (HSA) during the same period (n = 134 and n = 145, respectively). Dogs with OSA were not significantly more likely to live in an area with optimized fluoride in the water than dogs with LSA or HSA. Additional analyses within OSA patients also revealed no significant differences in age, or skeletal distribution of OSA cases relative to fluoride status. Taken together, these analyses do not support the hypothesis that optimal fluoridation of drinking water contributes to naturally occurring OSA in dogs.


Subject(s)
Bone Neoplasms/veterinary , Dog Diseases/chemically induced , Fluoridation/adverse effects , Osteosarcoma/veterinary , Animals , Bone Neoplasms/chemically induced , Bone Neoplasms/epidemiology , Case-Control Studies , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Dogs , Female , Incidence , Male , Osteosarcoma/chemically induced , Osteosarcoma/epidemiology
12.
J Small Anim Pract ; 56(11): 651-6, 2015 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26420583

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To identify variables with a preoperative computed tomography scan that influence survival of cats undergoing surgical removal of a primary lung tumour. A secondary objective was to determine whether histologic type and or grade of feline pulmonary tumours affects long term survival. METHODS: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for cats with preoperative computed tomography scans and surgical resection of primary lung tumours. Pulmonary carcinomas were reviewed for histologic diagnosis using two different approaches, histologic grade as well as major histologic pattern. RESULTS: Median survival time of all (n = 28) cats was 156 days. Median survival time for cats with lymph node enlargement was 65 days versus 498 days for cats without lymph node enlargement on preoperative computed tomography scan. Median survival time for cats with preoperative pleural effusion was 2 · 5 days versus 467 days for cats without pleural effusion. Cats with low or intermediate grade tumours had a median survival time of 730 days versus 105 days for cats with high grade tumours. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Cats with preoperative lymph node enlargement and pleural effusion have shorter survival times than cats without.


Subject(s)
Cat Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Lung Neoplasms/veterinary , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/veterinary , Animals , Cat Diseases/mortality , Cat Diseases/pathology , Cat Diseases/surgery , Cats , Female , Lung/diagnostic imaging , Lung/pathology , Lung/surgery , Lung Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Lung Neoplasms/mortality , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Male , Retrospective Studies , Survival Analysis
13.
J Small Anim Pract ; 56(11): 667-70, 2015 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26299784

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical presentation, surgical treatment and outcomes of dogs with retrobulbar abscesses refractory to intra-oral lancing and antibiotics. METHODS: Medical records from January 2006 through September 2014 were reviewed and dogs with retrobulbar abscesses failing treatment with antibiotics and intra-oral lancing were included. Clinicopathologic, imaging and surgical details were extracted from the medical records. Referring veterinarians and owners were interviewed via telephone for follow-up data. RESULTS: A total of six dogs were included in the study. The most common clinical signs were pain upon opening of the mouth, exophthalmos and prolapsed nictitans. Computed tomography was performed in five dogs, ultrasound in four and magnetic resonance imaging in one. Imaging identified an abscess in all dogs, with a suspected foreign body in four dogs. Surgical approach was a modified lateral orbitotomy in five dogs. No foreign body was identified during surgery in all dog. All dogs surviving to discharge did not have recurrence of clinical signs (follow-up time range: 27 to 95 months). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Dogs with retrobulbar abscesses refractory to standard therapy can experience long-term resolution of clinical signs with surgical treatment, most commonly via a modified lateral orbitotomy.


Subject(s)
Abscess/veterinary , Dog Diseases/surgery , Orbital Diseases/veterinary , Abscess/surgery , Animals , Dogs , Female , Male , Orbit/surgery , Orbital Diseases/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
14.
Mol Neurobiol ; 52(2): 979-84, 2015 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26055229

ABSTRACT

Dodecafluoropentane emulsion (DDFPe) nanodroplets are exceptional oxygen transporters and can protect ischemic brain in stroke models 24 h without reperfusion. Current stroke therapy usually fails to reach patients because of delays following stroke onset. We tested using DDFPe to extend the time window for tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Longer treatment windows will allow more patients more complete stroke recovery. We test DDFPe to safely extend the time window for tPA thrombolysis to 9 h after stroke. With IACUC approval, randomized New Zealand white rabbits (3.4-4.7 kg, n = 30) received angiography and 4-mm blood clot in the internal carotid artery for flow-directed middle cerebral artery occlusion. Seven failed and were discarded. Groups were IV tPA (n = 11), DDFPe + tPA (n = 7), and no therapy controls (n = 5). DDFPe (0.3 ml/kg, 2 % emulsion) IV dosing began at 1 h and continued at 90 min intervals for 6 doses in one test group; the other received saline injections. Both got standard IV tPA (0.9 mg/kg) therapy starting 9 h post stroke. At 24 h, neurological assessment scores (NAS, 0-18) were determined. Following brain removal percent stroke volume (%SV) was measured. Outcomes were compared with Kruskal-Wallis analysis. For NAS, DDFPe + tPA was improved overall, p = 0.0015, and vs. tPA alone, p = 0.0052. For %SV, DDFPe + tPA was improved overall, p = 0.0003 and vs. tPA alone, p = 0.0018. NAS controls and tPA alone were not different but %SV was, p = 0.0078. With delayed reperfusion, DDFPe + tPA was more effective than tPA alone in preserving functioning brain after stroke. DDFPe significantly extends the time window for tPA therapy.


Subject(s)
Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Fluorocarbons/therapeutic use , Infarction, Anterior Cerebral Artery/drug therapy , Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/drug therapy , Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use , Thrombolytic Therapy/methods , Tissue Plasminogen Activator/therapeutic use , Animals , Cerebral Hemorrhage/chemically induced , Disease Models, Animal , Drug Administration Schedule , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Emulsions , Female , Fibrinolytic Agents/administration & dosage , Fibrinolytic Agents/toxicity , Fluorocarbons/administration & dosage , Infarction, Anterior Cerebral Artery/pathology , Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/pathology , Infusions, Intravenous , Male , Neuroprotective Agents/administration & dosage , Rabbits , Random Allocation , Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Single-Blind Method , Thrombolytic Therapy/adverse effects , Time Factors , Tissue Plasminogen Activator/administration & dosage , Tissue Plasminogen Activator/toxicity
15.
J Vet Intern Med ; 29(3): 900-7, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25900646

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Survival times and tumor responses associated with malignant neoplasia of the lower urinary tract are poor despite the vast array of current treatments. Therefore, the evaluation of alternative treatments, such as intraarterial administration of chemotherapy (IAC) should be considered. OBJECTIVE: To describe a technique for superselective catheterization for IAC and to evaluate initial tumor response by ultrasonography after both IAC and intravenous administration of chemotherapy (IVC). ANIMALS: Client-owned dogs with lower urinary tract neoplasia treated with either IVC (n = 15) or IAC (n = 11). METHODS: Retrospective study. An arterial approach via the carotid or femoral artery was utilized to obtain superselective access and administer chemotherapy in the IAC cases. Medical record review was performed, data were recorded, and recorded variables were evaluated statistically. RESULTS: Intraarterial chemotherapy was successfully administered in all cases. There was a significantly greater decrease in longest unidimensional measurement in the IAC group as compared to the IVC group (P = .013). The IAC group was also significantly more likely to have a tumor response as assessed by modified RECIST guidelines (P = .049). Dogs in the IAC group were significantly less likely to develop anemia (P = .001), lethargy (P = .010) and anorexia (P = .024). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: This study demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of performing IAC for lower urinary tract neoplasia. Further investigation is necessary as the follow-up time was short and the impact on long-term outcome and survival was not determined.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Carboplatin/therapeutic use , Dog Diseases/drug therapy , Urologic Neoplasms/veterinary , Administration, Intravenous/veterinary , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Carboplatin/administration & dosage , Carotid Arteries , Dogs , Female , Femoral Artery , Infusions, Intra-Arterial/veterinary , Male , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Urologic Neoplasms/drug therapy
17.
Magn Reson Imaging ; 33(2): 236-9, 2015 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25460332

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Dodecafluoropentane emulsion (DDFPe), an oxygen transport agent, has been shown to reduce infarct volume in animal models of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Our study assesses the effect of DDFPe on MRI markers of infarct evolution in the early hours after vascular occlusion in a rat AIS model. We hypothesized that DDFPe will delay the development of MRI markers of AIS and/or reduce the extent of infarction. METHODS: Permanent, unilateral surgical occlusion of the middle cerebral and common carotid arteries was performed in control (n=4) and treatment (n = 10) rats. The treatment group received 1 IV dose of 2% w/v DDFPe at 0.6 mL/kg at 1 hour post-occlusion versus none. Diffusion-weighted (DWI) and inversion recovery (IR) MRI sequences were obtained over the 4 hours following occlusion. Infarct extent was quantified by number of abnormal MRI slices per sequence for each group and time point. Student's T-test was applied. RESULTS: DDFPe-treated rats demonstrated reduced infarct extent versus controls over combined time points on IR at 5.43 ± 0.40 (mean ± standard error) abnormal slices vs. 7.38 ± 0.58 (P = 0.01) and on DWI at 5.21 ± 0.54 vs. 9.00 ± 0.95 (P < 0.01). Development of abnormal MRI signal was delayed in the treatment group. CONCLUSIONS: DDFPe delays and reduces MRI markers of AIS in the early hours following vascular occlusion in a rat stroke model. Further investigation of DDFPe as a neuroprotectant is warranted.


Subject(s)
Emulsions , Fluorocarbons/administration & dosage , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Stroke/physiopathology , Animals , Brain Infarction/pathology , Brain Ischemia/pathology , Carotid Artery, Common/pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Male , Middle Cerebral Artery/pathology , Neuroprotective Agents/chemistry , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Stroke/drug therapy
18.
Vet Comp Oncol ; 13(3): 157-65, 2015 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23489591

ABSTRACT

Paraneoplastic hypertrophic osteopathy (pHO) is known to occur in both canine and human cancer patients. While the pathology of pHO is well-described in the dog, very little information exists regarding the true clinical presentation of dogs affected with pHO. The primary objective of this study was to provide a more comprehensive clinical picture of pHO. To this end, we retrospectively identified 30 dogs and recorded data regarding presenting complaints and physical examination (PE) findings on the date of pHO diagnosis. As a secondary objective, any blood test results were also collected from the computerized records. The most common clinical signs included leg swelling, ocular discharge and/or episcleral injection, lameness, and lethargy. The most common haematological and serum biochemical abnormalities included anaemia, neutrophilia and elevated alkaline phosphatase. In addition to presenting a more detailed clinical description of pHO in the dog, these data support the previously described haematological, serum biochemical and PE abnormalities published in individual case reports.


Subject(s)
Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Osteoarthropathy, Secondary Hypertrophic/veterinary , Paraneoplastic Syndromes/veterinary , Animals , Autopsy/veterinary , California , Dog Diseases/blood , Dog Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Dogs , Electronic Health Records , Female , Lameness, Animal/complications , Lung Neoplasms/complications , Lung Neoplasms/veterinary , Male , Neoplasms/complications , Osteoarthropathy, Secondary Hypertrophic/blood , Osteoarthropathy, Secondary Hypertrophic/diagnosis , Paraneoplastic Syndromes/blood , Paraneoplastic Syndromes/diagnosis , Radiography , Retrospective Studies , Schools, Veterinary
19.
Biotechniques ; 57(2): 63-71, 2014 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25109291

ABSTRACT

Obtaining a clear view of the cells of interest in diagnostic cytology can be challenging when specimens are contaminated with blood or other obscuring cells. In this study, we present a powerful technique for the selective capture of diagnostic epithelial cells directly on a microscope slide, highlighting its applications in urine cytology and immunocytochemistry (ICC). Using phage-display biopanning, we identified and synthesized a series of peptides that bind with high affinity to urothelial cells but not blood cells. We developed methods for conjugating the peptides to glass slides, and we used these slides to selectively capture both normal and cancerous epithelial cells from urine contaminated with blood cells. Unlike non-selective microscope slides, the peptide-conjugated slides selectively retained the cells of interest, recovering up to 75% of urothelial cells, while up to 98% of blood cells were washed away. The slides are compatible with Papanicolaou and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining for cytology preparations, as well as ICC for detecting membrane-associated and nuclear cancer markers. We successfully detected the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen and survivin, two commonly measured bladder cancer markers. In addition to bladder cancer diagnostics, this technology has broad applications for increasing the quality of sample preparations in slide-based diagnostic testing.


Subject(s)
Cytodiagnosis , Neoplasms/urine , Peptides , Blood Cells/pathology , Carcinoembryonic Antigen/biosynthesis , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/biosynthesis , Neoplasms/pathology , Papanicolaou Test , Peptides/chemical synthesis , Peptides/chemistry , Survivin , Urothelium/pathology
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