ABSTRACT
Bony fusions involving the carpus have a much higher prevalence in blacks relative to whites. This article describes a case of lunotriquetral coalition fracture-dislocation in an African American. This lesion is best treated through open reduction and pin fixation.
Subject(s)
Carpal Bones/injuries , Fractures, Bone/surgery , Joint Dislocations/surgery , Lunate Bone/injuries , Adult , Bone Diseases/complications , Bone Wires , Carpal Bones/surgery , Casts, Surgical , Follow-Up Studies , Fracture Fixation, Internal/instrumentation , Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods , Humans , Lunate Bone/surgery , MaleABSTRACT
We undertook this study to determine the types and frequency of injuries sustained in the sport of luge. Before this study, no data were available in the medical literature on luge injuries. We performed a retrospective analysis between the years 1985 and 1992 using data obtained from the athlete injury and illness report forms at the US Training Center Sports Medicine Clinic in Lake Placid, New York. During the 7 years examined, 1043 athletes took 57,244 track runs and sustained 407 injuries. The risk of sustaining an injury was 0.39 per person per year, and the risk of an injury causing the loss of more than 1 day of practice was 0.04 per person per year. Contusions were the major injury (51%), followed by strains (27%). Strains of the neck muscles and contusions of extremities, especially the hands, were characteristic injuries sustained by athletes. The most serious injuries were concussions (2%) and fractures (3%). Crashes were responsible for 64% of injuries. Luge appears to be a relatively safe sport with injury rates comparable with recreational alpine skiing.
Subject(s)
Athletic Injuries/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Arm Injuries/epidemiology , Athletic Injuries/classification , Brain Concussion/epidemiology , Child , Contusions/epidemiology , Female , Fractures, Bone/epidemiology , Hand Injuries/epidemiology , Humans , Injury Severity Score , Leg Injuries/epidemiology , Male , Neck Muscles/injuries , New York/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Safety , Skiing/injuries , Sports/statistics & numerical data , Sprains and Strains/epidemiologyABSTRACT
This article reports the investigation of the XeCl excimer laser as a cutting-ablating tool for human fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage. Quantitative measurements were made of tissue ablation rates as a function of fluence in meniscal fibrocartilage and articular hyaline cartilage. A force of 1.47 Newtons was applied to an 800-microns fiber with the laser delivering a range of fluences (40-190 mJ/mm2) firing at a frequency of 5 Hz. To assess the effect of repetition rate on depth per pulse, a set of measurements was made at a constant fluence of 60 mJ/mm2, with the repetition rate varying from 10 to 40 Hz. Histologic and morphometric analysis of preserved specimens was performed using light microscopy. The results of these studies revealed that the ablation rate was directly proportional to fluence over the range tested. Fibrocartilage was ablated at a rate 2.56 times faster than hyaline cartilage. Repetition rate had no effect on the penetration per pulse. Adjacent tissue damage was noted to be minimal (10-70 microns). The excimer laser achieved ablation rates adequate for arthroscopic applications.
