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1.
J Venom Anim Toxins Trop Dis, v. 29, e20230031, dez. 2023
Article in English | Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-IBPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: bud-5195

ABSTRACT

Echinometra lucunter is a sea urchin commonly found on America’s rocky shores. Its coelomic fluid contains molecules used for defense and biological processes, which may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of amyloid-based neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, that currently have few drug options available. Methods: In this study, we incubated E. lucunter coelomic fluid (ELCF) and fractions obtained by solid phase extraction in SH-SY5Y neuron-like cells to evaluate their effect on cell viability caused by the oligomerized amyloid peptide 42 (Aβ42o). Moreover, the Aβ42o was quantified after the incubation with ELCF fractions in the presence or not of cells, to evaluate if samples could cause amyloid peptide disaggregation. Antioxidant activity was determined in ELCF fractions, and cells were evaluated to check the oxidative stress after incubation with samples. The most relevant fraction was analyzed by mass spectrometry for identification of molecules. Results: ELCF and certain fractions could prevent and treat the reduction of cell viability caused by Aβ42o in SH-SY5Y neuron-like cells. We found that one fraction (El50) reduced the oligomerized Aβ42 and the oxidative stress caused by the amyloid peptide through its antioxidant molecules, which in turn reduced cell death. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that El50 comprises small molecules containing flavonoid antioxidants, such as phenylpyridazine and dihydroquercetin, and two peptides. Conclusion: Our results suggest that sea urchin molecules may interact with Aβ42o and oxidative stress, preventing or treating neurotoxicity, which may be useful in treating dementia.

2.
Master thesis. São Paulo: Instituto Butantan; 2019. 65 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-IBPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: bud-3595

ABSTRACT

Antioxidant molecules cause a decrease in oxidation, inhibiting the formation of free radicals. Known as reactive oxygen species (ROS), free radicals are molecules with one or more unpaired, unstable, highly reactive electrons capable of oxidizing neighboring molecules to gain electrons, damaging adjacent cells. Oxidative processes and ROS formation occur physiologically and, also in several pathologies, therefore, antioxidants are extremely relevant for disease prevention. Some chronic and neurodegenerative diseases have already been reversed in animal studies with the use of antioxidants such as cancer, cardiovascular disease (including atherosclerosis), autoimmune diseases, diabetes, Parkinson's disease, inflammation (including arthritis), and aging. Pigments found in sea urchins have already been associated with antioxidant activity. Therefore, the objective of this work is to search for new molecules with antioxidant activity in four species of sea urchin. The spines, carapace and coelomic fluid of the tropical species Echinornetra lucunter, Lytechinus variegatus, Arbacia lixula and the species Antarctica Sterechinus neumayeri were used in the study. Individually, the materials were fractionated into solid phase extraction (in C18 cartridges) eluting with 25, 50, 75 and 100°/o methanol v I v. The fractions submitted to RP-HPLC, in column C18 aiming at obtaining more pure molecules. The peaks obtained by chromatography were tested in in vitro antioxidant activity assays and tested too in MALDl-ToF. The species Echinometra lucunter and the Antarctica Sterechinus neumayeri presented promising results, which are demonstrated in this work.


Moléculas antioxidantes causam diminuição da oxidação, inibindo a formação de radicais livres. Conhecidos como espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS), os radicais livres são moléculas com um ou mais elétrons não pareados, instáveis e altamente reativos, capazes de oxidar moléculas vizinhas para ganhar elétrons, danificando células adjacentes. Processos oxidativos e formação de ROS ocorrem fisiologicamente e, também em diversas patologias, portanto, os antioxidantes são extremamente relevantes para a prevenção de doenças. Algumas doenças crônicas e neurodegenerativas já foram revertidas, em estudos em animais, com o uso de antioxidantes, como câncer, doenças cardiovasculares (incluindo aterosclerose), autoimunes, diabetes, doença de Parkinson, inflamações (incluindo artrite) e envelhecimento. Pigmentos encontrados em ouriços-do-mar já foram associados à atividade antioxidante. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é buscar novas moléculas com atividade antioxidante em quatro espécies de ouriço-do-mar. Os espinhos, carapaças e líquido celomático das espécies tropicais Echinometra lucunter, Lytechinus variegatus, Arbacia lixula e da espécie Antártica Sterechinus neumayeri foram utilizadas no estudo. Individualmente, os materiais foram fracionados em extração em fase sólida (em cartuchos C18) com eluição por 25, 50, 75 e 100% de metanol v/v. As frações submetidas a RP-HPLC, em coluna C18 visando obtenção de moléculas mais puras. Os picos obtidos pela cromatografia foram testados em ensaios in vitro de atividade antioxidante e também pelo MALDlToF. As espécies Echinometra /ucunter e a antártica Sterechinus neumayeri, apresentaram resultados promissores, os quais são demonstrados nesse trabalho.

3.
Master's thesis. São Paulo: Instituto Butantan; 2019. 67 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-IBPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: bud-3592

ABSTRACT

Antioxidant molecules cause a decrease in oxidation, inhibiting the formation of free radicals. Known as reactive oxygen species (ROS), free radicals are molecules with one or more unpaired, unstable, highly reactive electrons capable of oxidizing neighboring molecules to gain electrons, damaging adjacent cells. Oxidative processes and ROS formation occur physiologically and, also in several pathologies, therefore, antioxidants are extremely relevant for disease prevention. Some chronic and neurodegenerative diseases have already been reversed in animal studies with the use of antioxidants such as cancer, cardiovascular disease (including atherosclerosis), autoimmune diseases, diabetes, Parkinson's disease, inflammation (including arthritis), and aging. Pigments found in sea urchins have already been associated with antioxidant activity. Therefore, the objective of this work is to search for new molecules with antioxidant activity in four species of sea urchin. The spines, carapace and coelomic fluid of the tropical species Echinornetra lucunter, Lytechinus variegatus, Arbacia lixula and the species Antarctica Sterechinus neumayeri were used in the study. Individually, the materials were fractionated into solid phase extraction (in C18 cartridges) eluting with 25, 50, 75 and 100°/o methanol v I v. The fractions submitted to RP-HPLC, in column C18 aiming at obtaining more pure molecules. The peaks obtained by chromatography were tested in in vitro antioxidant activity assays and tested too in MALDl-ToF. The species Echinometra lucunter and the Antarctica Sterechinus neumayeri presented promising results, which are demonstrated in this work.


Moléculas antioxidantes causam diminuição da oxidação, inibindo a formação de radicais livres. Conhecidos como espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS), os radicais livres são moléculas com um ou mais elétrons não pareados, instáveis e altamente reativos, capazes de oxidar moléculas vizinhas para ganhar elétrons, danificando células adjacentes. Processos oxidativos e formação de ROS ocorrem fisiologicamente e, também em diversas patologias, portanto, os antioxidantes são extremamente relevantes para a prevenção de doenças. Algumas doenças crônicas e neurodegenerativas já foram revertidas, em estudos em animais, com o uso de antioxidantes, como câncer, doenças cardiovasculares (incluindo aterosclerose), autoimunes, diabetes, doença de Parkinson, inflamações (incluindo artrite) e envelhecimento. Pigmentos encontrados em ouriços-do-mar já foram associados à atividade antioxidante. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é buscar novas moléculas com atividade antioxidante em quatro espécies de ouriço-do-mar. Os espinhos, carapaças e líquido celomático das espécies tropicais Echinometra lucunter, Lytechinus variegatus, Arbacia lixula e da espécie Antártica Sterechinus neumayeri foram utilizadas no estudo. Individualmente, os materiais foram fracionados em extração em fase sólida (em cartuchos C18) com eluição por 25, 50, 75 e 100% de metanol v/v. As frações submetidas a RP-HPLC, em coluna C18 visando obtenção de moléculas mais puras. Os picos obtidos pela cromatografia foram testados em ensaios in vitro de atividade antioxidante e também pelo MALDlToF. As espécies Echinometra /ucunter e a antártica Sterechinus neumayeri, apresentaram resultados promissores, os quais são demonstrados nesse trabalho.

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