Dysfunctional suction dynamics in newborns with ankyloglossia / Dinâmica de sucção disfuncional em recém-nascidos com anquiloglossia

ABSTRACT Purpose Compare infant suction in babies with and without ankyloglossia using a microprocessor-controlled pressure sensor coupled to a pacifier. Methods Fifty-five infants from 0 to 2 months of age underwent clinical examination for ankyloglossia, after which they were offered a silicone pacifier connected to the pressure acquisition device and suction activity was recorded. Thus, we extracted the frequency of sucks within a burst, the average suck duration, the burst duration, the number of sucks per burst, the maximum amplitude of sucks per burst and the inter-burst interval. Results The key difference in newborns with ankyloglossia in relation to control was that they perform longer bursts of suction activity. Conclusion The longer burst durations are likely a compensatory strategy and may underlie the pain reported by mothers during breastfeeding. We therefore propose a method for objectively quantifying some parameters of infant suction capacity and demonstrate its use in assisting the evaluation of ankyloglossia.

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar a sucção infantil em bebês com e sem anquiloglossia usando um sensor de pressão controlado por microprocessador acoplado a uma chupeta. Método Cinquenta e cinco lactentes de 0 a 2 meses de idade foram submetidos ao exame clínico de anquiloglossia, em seguida foi oferecido uma chupeta de silicone conectada ao dispositivo de aquisição de pressão e a atividade de sucção foi registrada. Assim, obtivemos dados sobre a frequência de sucções dentro de um período de sucções, a duração média da sucção, a duração da rajada, o número de sucções por rajada, a amplitude máxima das sucções por rajada e o intervalo entre rajadas. O teste t não pareado foi utilizado para comparações entre os grupos. Resultados A principal diferença dos recém-nascidos com anquiloglossia em relação aos do grupo controle é que eles realizam rajadas mais longas durante a atividade de sucção. Conclusão A duração mais longa das rajadas é provavelmente uma estratégia compensatória e pode estar por trás da dor relatada pelas mães durante a amamentação. Portanto, propomos um método para quantificar objetivamente alguns parâmetros da sucção infantil e demonstramos seu uso para auxiliar na avaliação da anquiloglossia.

Thermal exchanges, physiological responses and productive performance of Guinea Fowl (Numidia meleagris) subjected to different air temperatures.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the thermal exchanges, physiological responses, productive performance and carcass yield of Guinea Fowl confined under thermoneutral conditions and under thermal stress. For the experiment, 96 animals were confined in 8 experimental boxes of 1 m2 of area, each, divided in equal numbers and placed inside two distinct climatic chambers, where the birds were distributed in a completely randomized design, with two treatments (air temperatures of 26 and 32 °C, respectively). For the collection of physiological responses and carcass yield 16 birds were evaluated and for the collection of data on feed and water consumption and productive responses, 48 birds per treatment were evaluated. The environmental variables (air temperature (AT), air relative humidity and wind speed), temperature and humidity index (THI), heat exchanges, physiological responses (respiratory rate, surface temperature, cloacal temperature and eyeball temperature), feed (FC) and water (WC) consumption and production responses (weight gain, feed conversion index and carcass yield) of the birds were evaluated. With the elevation of the AT, it could be noticed that the THI went from a thermal comfort condition to an emergency condition, where the birds lost part of their feathers, increased all physiological responses evaluated, and consequently, reduced by 53.5% the amount of heat dissipated in the sensible form and increased by 82.7% the heat losses in the latent form, increasing also the WC. ATs of up to 32 °C did not significantly affect the productive performance and carcass yield of the guinea fowl.

Effects of psilocybin versus escitalopram on rumination and thought suppression in depression.

BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder is often associated with maladaptive coping strategies, including rumination and thought suppression. AIMS: To assess the comparative effect of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor escitalopram, and the serotonergic psychedelic psilocybin (COMP360), on rumination and thought suppression in major depressive disorder. METHOD: Based on data derived from a randomised clinical trial (N = 59), we performed exploratory analyses on the impact of escitalopram versus psilocybin (i.e. condition) on rumination and thought suppression from 1 week before to 6 weeks after treatment inception (i.e. time), using mixed analysis of variance. Condition responder versus non-responder subgroup analyses were also done, using the standard definition of ≥50% symptom reduction. RESULTS: A time×condition interaction was found for rumination (F(1, 56) = 4.58, P = 0.037) and thought suppression (F(1,57) = 5.88, P = 0.019), with post hoc tests revealing significant decreases exclusively in the psilocybin condition. When analysing via response, a significant time×condition×response interaction for thought suppression (F(1,54) = 8.42, P = 0.005) and a significant time×response interaction for rumination (F(1,54) = 23.50, P < 0.001) were evident. Follow-up tests revealed that decreased thought suppression was exclusive to psilocybin responders, whereas rumination decreased in both responder groups. In the psilocybin arm, decreases in rumination and thought suppression correlated with ego dissolution and session-linked psychological insight. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide further evidence on the therapeutic mechanisms of psilocybin and escitalopram in the treatment of depression.

Lactide: Production Routes, Properties, and Applications.

Lactide dimer is an important monomer produced from lactic acid dehydration, followed by the prepolymer depolymerization process, and subsequent purification. As lactic acid is a chiral molecule, lactide can exist in three isomeric forms: L-, D-, and meso-lactide. Due to its time-consuming synthesis and the need for strict temperature and pressure control, catalyst use, low selectivity, high energy cost, and racemization, the value of a high purity lactide has a high cost in the market; moreover, little is found in scientific articles about the monomer synthesis. Lactide use is mainly for the synthesis of high molar mass poly(lactic acid) (PLA), applied as bio-based material for medical applications (e.g., prostheses and membranes), drug delivery, and hydrogels, or combined with other polymers for applications in packaging. This review elucidates the configurations and conditions of syntheses mapped for lactide production, the main properties of each of the isomeric forms, its industrial production, as well as the main applications in the market.

Experience Sampling and Programmed Intervention Method and System for Planning, Authoring, and Deploying Mobile Health Interventions: Design and Case Reports.

BACKGROUND: Health professionals initiating mobile health (mHealth) interventions may choose to adapt apps designed for other activities (eg, peer-to-peer communication) or to employ purpose-built apps specialized in the required intervention, or to exploit apps based on methods such as the experience sampling method (ESM). An alternative approach for professionals would be to create their own apps. While ESM-based methods offer important guidance, current systems do not expose their design at a level that promotes replicating, specializing, or extending their contributions. Thus, a twofold solution is required: a method that directs specialists in planning intervention programs themselves, and a model that guides specialists in adopting existing solutions and advises software developers on building new ones. OBJECTIVE: The main objectives of this study are to design the Experience Sampling and Programmed Intervention Method (ESPIM), formulated toward supporting specialists in deploying mHealth interventions, and the ESPIM model, which guides health specialists in adopting existing solutions and advises software developers on how to build new ones. Another goal is to conceive and implement a software platform allowing specialists to be users who actually plan, create, and deploy interventions (ESPIM system). METHODS: We conducted the design and evaluation of the ESPIM method and model alongside a software system comprising integrated web and mobile apps. A participatory design approach with stakeholders included early software prototype, predesign interviews with 12 health specialists, iterative design sustained by the software as an instance of the method's conceptual model, support to 8 real case studies, and postdesign interviews. RESULTS: The ESPIM comprises (1) a list of requirements for mHealth experience sampling and intervention-based methods and systems, (2) a 4-dimension planning framework, (3) a 7-step-based process, and (4) an ontology-based conceptual model. The ESPIM system encompasses web and mobile apps. Eight long-term case studies, involving professionals in psychology, gerontology, computer science, speech therapy, and occupational therapy, show that the method allowed specialists to be actual users who plan, create, and deploy interventions via the associated system. Specialists' target users were parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, older persons, graduate and undergraduate students, children (age 8-12), and caregivers of older persons. The specialists reported being able to create and conduct their own studies without modifying their original design. A qualitative evaluation of the ontology-based conceptual model showed its compliance to the functional requirements elicited. CONCLUSIONS: The ESPIM method succeeds in supporting specialists in planning, authoring, and deploying mobile-based intervention programs when employed via a software system designed and implemented according to its conceptual model. The ESPIM ontology-based conceptual model exposes the design of systems involving active or passive sampling interventions. Such exposure supports the evaluation, implementation, adaptation, or extension of new or existing systems.

A preliminary study on the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 lockdown in post-bariatric surgery women: the importance of eating behavior, health care access, and social support.

This study aims to characterize the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 lockdown for post-bariatric surgery (≥ 36 months) women and its association with disordered eating and psychological distress. The medium to long-time follow up is a period of increased susceptibility for poorer weight outcomes which might be triggered by the lockdown. Twenty-four participants responded to an online questionnaire and a telephone interview. About half (n = 14; 58.3%) reported perceived weight gain during the lockdown, 13 (54.1%) limited access to social support, and 12 (50%) limited access to medical care. Co-habiting with a higher number of persons during lockdown was associated with fewer difficulties in dealing with emotionally activating situations, less fear of gaining weight, less fear of losing control over eating, and less disordered eating. The global perceived psychosocial impact of lockdown was significantly correlated with difficulties in dealing with emotionally activating situations and stress symptoms. Results highlight the need to monitor post-bariatric patients, facilitate health care access, and promote social support during the lockdown period. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-021-01529-6.

Survey of the citrus leprosis vector (Brevipalpus yothersi) and phytoseiids in spontaneous plants of an organic citrus orchard.

Citrus leprosis (CL) is one of the most important viral diseases in sweet orange orchards in Latin America. It is caused by members of at least five species of the so-called Brevipalpus-transmitted viruses (BTV), and the prevalent is Citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C). This virus has the broadest host range amongst all CL-associated viruses and is transmitted by Brevipalpus yothersi, a polyphagous mite that can colonize a large variety of host plants, including some spontaneous ground cover plants. But if, on one hand, spontaneous plants can host CL virus and vector, on the other hand, they can offer alternative food for predators, equally common in organic citrus orchards. Brevipalpus yothersi and predator mites were surveyed in 33 spontaneous plants of a Westin sweet orange orchard conducted under organic production system in Brazil, from June 2010 to April 2011. Predatory mites were identified as phytoseiids, and Iphiseiodes zuluagai was the prevalent species, representing 58% of all predators. Other phytoseiids were considered accidental species in the area. Ageratum conyzoides and Alternanthera tenella were the most represented plant host species to predators, comprising 28 and 10% of the total surveyed plants, respectively. Brevipalpus yothersi specimens were detected on various spontaneous species: A. conyzoides, A. tenella, Amaranthus deflexus, Bidens pilosa, Ipomoea quamoclit, I. cairica, Merremia cissoides, Solanum americanum, Panicum maximum, and, predominantly, Commelina benghalensis. The latter has been previously reported as host of CiLV-C as well and, therefore, it is recommended to eliminate this species from citrus orchards.

Um estudo sobre letramento digital para idosos com o apoio de um aplicativo móvel personalizável / A study about alphabetization and digital literacy for older adults with the support of a customizable mobile apllication

O uso de sistemas computacionais para cuidados com a saúde de idosos é cada vez mais comum. No campo da educação, no entanto, as investigações enfocam mais em questões técnicas de desenvolvimento ou em adaptação de tecnologias, e não no processo de ensino-aprendizagem e aplicabilidade do uso de dispositivos móveis. Este trabalho buscou estimular, monitorar e avaliar o uso desses dispositivos no ambiente natural por idosos participantes de cursos de alfabetização e letramento digital. Também buscou promover novas metodologias para práticas de alfabetização e letramento digital para idosos. Foi realizado um estudo de viabilidade explorando o uso de um sistema denominado ESPIM, como um novo recurso pedagógico em cursos como este. O ESPIM permite a profissionais de diferentes áreas construírem programas de intervenção para realizar coletas de dados de forma remota com suas populações de interesse. Essa população responde a perguntas programadas pelos profissionais usando um aplicativo móvel. As perguntas planejadas podem ser questões abertas, de múltipla escolha, de escolha única, solicitação do envio de mídias como áudio, vídeo ou imagens. Neste estudo qualitativo, por duas semanas consecutivas, os participantes receberam alertas e instruções, por meio desse aplicativo, para realizar atividades práticas em casa sobre o conteúdo aprendido em sala de aula. Os resultados obtidos descrevem um comportamento positivo dos participantes em termos de engajamento na execução das atividades de casa, e também descrevem feedbacks sobre o aplicativo, tais como facilidades e dificuldades, autonomia no uso e adesão ao recurso tecnológico como forma de apoio a cursos como o supracitado.(AU)

The use of computer systems for health care for older people is increasingly common. In the field of education, however, investigations focus more on technical issues of development or adaptation of technologies, rather than on the teaching-learning process and the applicability of using mobile devices. This work aimed to stimulate, monitor and evaluate the use of these devices in the natural environment by older participants in literacy and digital literacy courses. It also sought to promote new methodologies for alphabetization and digital literacy practices for older adults. A feasibility study was carried out exploring the use of a system called ESPIM, as a new educational resource in courses like this. ESPIM allows professionals from different domains to plan intervention programs to carry out data collections remotely with their populations of interest. This population answers questions programmed by professionals using a mobile application. Planned questions can be open questions, multiple choice, single choice, request to send media such as audio, video or images. In this qualitative study, for two consecutive weeks, participants received alerts and instructions, through this application, to carry out practical activities at home on the content learned in the classroom. The results obtained describe a positive behavior of the participants in terms of engagement in the execution of home activities, and also describe feedbacks about the application, such as facilities and difficulties, autonomy in the use and adherence to the technological resource as a way of supporting courses such as above citied.(AU)

Extensão universitária, economia solidária e geração de oportunidades no contexto da Covid-19: uma visão a partir de três experiências concretas no território brasileiro / Português

A humanidade vem enfrentando, nos últimos meses, uma das maiores crises da história, provocada pela pandemia da Covid-19. Muito mais do que uma ameaça à saúde individual das pessoas, ela tem desafiado a capacidade dos países de apresentarem respostas efetivas e rápidas em defesa da vida em sociedade e da garantia de direitos fundamentais à toda a população. Nesse contexto, as instituições de ensino superior podem contribuir, em diversas frentes, no enfrentamento de tais desafios. Além da capacidade de pesquisa para a geração de produtos que auxiliem diretamente no combate e no controle da proliferação viral, a atividade extensionista de apoio à geração de trabalho e renda e o atendimento a demandas emergências nos territórios em que as instituições se encontram inseridas surge, então, como uma importante possibilidade de ação. Neste texto, foram apresentadas três experiências que abordam distintas possibilidades concretas de atuação nessa perspectiva, com a mobilização de grupos produtivos associativos para o atendimento de demandas que surgem da própria dinâmica de combate à epidemia, como a necessidade massiva de máscaras e a comercialização domiciliar de alimentos em razão da medida protetiva de isolamento social. Tais atividades também são conectadas com o atendimento de outras necessidades emergenciais dessas populações, além de servirem como catalisadoras de parcerias com os poderes públicos locais e organizações privadas em geral.

Promoting Social Connection and Deepening Relations Among Older Adults: Design and Qualitative Evaluation of Media Parcels.

BACKGROUND: Being socially connected is related to well-being, and one way of avoiding social isolation is to deepen existing relationships. Even though existing relationships can be reinforced by regular and meaningful communication, state-of-the-art communication technologies alone do not increase the quality of social connections. Thus, there is a need for the involvement of a trained human facilitator in a network of older adults, preferably for a short period, to promote the deepening of their relationships. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that a human-facilitated, media-sharing social networking system can improve social connection in a small group of older people, who are more vulnerable to social isolation than most, and deepen their relationships over a period of a few weeks. METHODS: We conducted the design and evaluation of Media Parcels, a novel human-facilitated social networking system. Media Parcels is based on the metaphor of a facilitator collecting and delivering parcels in the physical mail. Extending the metaphor, the system supports a facilitator in designing time-based dialogue requesting parcels from participants that bring out their memories and feelings, in collecting the parcels, wrapping them in annotations that communicate the corresponding requests, and delivering the wrapped parcel to a target person. Qualitative evaluation was carried out in two trials with a group of three people each, one with family members (children and father; aged 55, 56, and 82 years old) and the other with a group of friends (aged 72, 72, and 74 years old), over two weeks. In each trial, data were collected in three interviews (pre-, mid-, and posttrial) and via system logging. RESULTS: Collected data indicate positive social effects for deepening and developing relationships. The parcel metaphor was easily understood and the computational system was readily adopted. Preferences with regard to media production or consumption varied among participants. In the family group, children preferred receiving media parcels (because of their sentimental value) to producing them, whereas the father enjoyed both. In the friendship group, preferences varied: one friend enjoyed both producing and receiving, while the other two preferred one over the other. In general, participants reported a preference for the production of items of a certain type depending on the associated content. Apart from having a strong engagement with the system, participants reported feeling closer to each other than usual. CONCLUSIONS: For both groups, Media Parcels was effective in promoting media sharing and social connections, resulting in the deepening of existing relationships. Its design informs researchers who are attempting to promote social connection in older adults.

Grado de dependencia de los pacientes en unidades quirúrgicas de un hospital universitario / Grau de dependência de pacientes internados em unidades cirúrgicas de um hospital universitário / Dependency levels in hospitalized patients in surgical units of a university hospital

Objetivo: Identificar el grado de dependencia de pacientes internados en unidades de clínica quirúrgica. Método: Se trata de un estudio transversal. Fueron realizadas 5.083 evaluaciones por medio del Instrumento de Evaluación del Grado de Dependencia de los Usuarios (GDU), entre mayo y octubre de 2015, totalizando 120 días de recolección en dos unidades de internación quirúrgica de un hospital universitario de la región sur de Brasil. Resultados: Se evidenció que en 2.452 (48,2%) de las evaluaciones, los pacientes necesitaron cuidados intermedios, seguidos de 1.913 (37,6%) de cuidados mínimos, 652 (12,9%) de cuidados de alta dependencia y 59 (1,1%) de cuidados semi-intensivos. No fueron clasificados pacientes como de cuidados intensivos. Conclusión: Los resultados permitieron identificar el grado de dependencia de los pacientes en relación al cuidado de enfermería, proporcionando subsidios para la práctica gerencial en enfermería, especialmente para el dimensionamiento de personal en unidades quirúrgicas

Objetivo: Identificar o grau de dependência de pacientes internados em unidades de clínica cirúrgica. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal. Foram realizadas 5.083 avaliações por meio do Instrumento de Avaliação do Grau de Dependência dos Usuários (GDU), entre maio e outubro de 2015, totalizando 120 dias de coleta em duas unidades de internação cirúrgica de um hospital universitário da região sul do Brasil. Resultados: Evidenciou-se que em 2.452 (48,2%) das avaliações os pacientes necessitaram de cuidados intermediários, seguidos de 1.913 (37,6%) de cuidados mínimos, 652 (12,9%) de cuidados de alta dependência e 59 (1,1%) de cuidados semi-intensivos. Não foram classificados pacientes como de cuidados intensivos. Conclusão: Os resultados permitiram identificar o grau de dependência dos pacientes em relação ao cuidado de enfermagem, fornecendo subsídios para a prática gerencial em enfermagem, especialmente para o dimensionamento de pessoal em unidades cirúrgicas

Objective: To identify the dependency levels of hospitalized patients in surgical clinical units. Method: It is a cross-sectional study. A total of 5,083 evaluations were performed through the User Dependency Evaluation Tool between May and October 2015, totaling 120 days of collection in two surgical hospitalization units of a university hospital in the southern region of Brazil. The User Dependency Evaluation Tool is a new Patient Classification System developed in Brazil to access the patients' dependency levels and the demand of the nursing team. Results: It was evidenced that in 2,452 (48.2%) of the evaluations the patients required intermediate care, followed by 1,913 (37.6%) requiring minimal care, 652 (12.9%) requiring high dependency care and 59 (1.1%) requiring semi-intensive care. No patients were classified as requiring intensive care. Conclusion: The results identified the degree of patient dependency in relation to nursing care, providing support to the management practice in nursing, especially for staff dimensioning in surgical units

Ditos sobre o uso abusivo de álcool e outras drogas: significados e histórias de vida / Sayings about abusive use of alcohol and other drugs: meanings and life stories / Dicho sobre el uso abusivo de alcohol y otras drogas: significados e historias de vida

Objetivou-se compreender os significados atribuídos à droga pelas pessoas que fazem uso abusivo e conhecer como estas relacionam o uso da droga com sua história de vida. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, realizada com 22 pessoas em tratamento no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e outras Drogas. Os dados foram produzidos através de entrevista semiestruturada e analisados conforme análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Emergiram quatro categorias: Primeiro contato com a droga; Contexto do uso abusivo da droga; Consequências do uso abusivo das drogas; e Motivos para mudança no padrão de uso das drogas. O uso abusivo de álcool e outras drogas é um fenômeno complexo e a droga possui diversos significados vinculados ao modo de viver da pessoa.

The objective was to understand the meanings attributed to the drug by abusers and to know how these people relate the use of the drug to their life history. This is a descriptive research with qualitative approach performed with 22 people under treatment in the Center for Psychosocial Care Alcohol and other Drugs. Data were produced through a semi-structured interview and analyzed according to Bardin's content analysis. Four categories emerged: first contact with the drug; context of drug abuse; consequences of drug abuse and reasons for changing the pattern of drug use. The abusive use of alcohol and other drug is a complex phenomenon and the drug has several meanings linked to the person's way of life.

Se objetivó comprender los significados atribuidos a la droga por las personas que hacen uso abusivo y conocer cómo esas personas relacionan el uso de la droga con su historia de vida. Se trata de una investigación descriptiva con abordaje cualitativo realizada con 22 personas en tratamiento en el Centro de Atención Psicosocial Alcohol y otras Drogas. Los datos fueron producidos a través de una entrevista semiestructurada y analizados según el análisis de contenido de Bardin. Se han emergido cuatro categorías: primer contacto con la droga; contexto del uso abusivo de la droga; las consecuencias del uso abusivo de las drogas y motivos para el cambio en el patrón de uso de las drogas. El uso abusivo de alcohol y outras drogas es un fenómeno complejo y la droga tiene diversos significados vinculados al modo de vivir de la persona.

Comparative study of sickle cell anemia and hemoglobin SC disease: clinical characterization, laboratory biomarkers and genetic profiles.

BACKGROUND: In this study, we evaluate the association of different clinical profiles, laboratory and genetic biomarkers in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) and hemoglobin SC disease (HbSC) in attempt to characterize the sickle cell disease (SCD) genotypes. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study from 2013 to 2014 in 200 SCD individuals (141 with SCA; 59 with HbSC) and analyzed demographic data to characterize the study population. In addition, we determined the association of hematological, biochemical and genetic markers including the ßS-globin gene haplotypes and the 3.7 Kb deletion of α-thalassemia (-α3.7Kb-thal), as well as the occurrence of clinical events in both SCD genotypes. RESULTS: Laboratory parameters showed a hemolytic profile associated with endothelial dysfunction in SCA individuals; however, the HbSC genotype was more associated with increased blood viscosity and inflammatory conditions. The BEN haplotype was the most frequently observed and was associated with elevated fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and low S hemoglobin (HbS). The -α3.7Kb-thal prevalence was 0.09 (9%), and it was associated with elevated hemoglobin and hematocrit concentrations. Clinical events were more frequent in SCA patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our data emphasize the differences between SCA and HbSC patients based on laboratory parameters and the clinical and genetic profile of both genotypes.

Muscle torque of healthy individuals and individuals with spastic hemiparesis after passive static streching.

Spasticity is one of the main causes of contracture, muscle weakness and subsequent functional incapacity. The passive static stretching can be included as having the purpose of increasing musculoskeletal flexibility, however, it also can influence the muscle torque. The objective is to verify the immediate effect of passive static stretching in the muscle strength of healthy and those who present spastic hemiparesis. There were assessed 20 subjects, 10 spastic hemiparetic (EG) and 10 healthy individuals (CG), including both sexes, aged between 22 and 78 years. The torque of extensor muscles of the knee was analyzed using isokinetic dynamometer. Results have shown that EG has less muscle torque compared to CG ( p < 0.01). In addition, EG presented a decrease in significance of muscle torque after stretching ( p < 0.05), however, it has not shown significant alteration in muscle torque of CG after performing the program that was prescribed. Immediately after the passive stretch, a significant torque decrease can be seen in hypertonic muscle; it is believed that this reduction may be associated with the physiological overlap between actin and myosin filaments and so preventing the muscle to develop a maximum contraction.

Emergências glicêmicas / Glycemic emergencies

Emergências glicêmicas são complicações frequentes na prática do emergencista, constituindo importante causa de morbimortalidade. Este capítulo objetiva abordar de forma prática o diagnóstico e o manejo das emergências glicêmicas mais comuns em sala de emergência.

Glycemic emergencies are frequent complications in the practice of the emergencist physician, and it is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. This chapter aims to approach in a practical way the diagnosis and management of the most common glycemic emergencies in the emergency room.

Hemorragia pós-parto / Postpartum hemorrhage

Hemorragia pós-parto (HPP) é a principal causa de morte materna em países em desenvolvimento. Neste artigo, revisaremos os principais conceitos sobre o tema, especialmente aqueles referentes à prevenção e tratamento.

Postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal mortality in developing countries. The aim of this article is to review the main aspects of this subject, focusing on prevention and treatment

Ontogenetic Variation in Biological Activities of Venoms from Hybrids between Bothrops erythromelas and Bothrops neuwiedi Snakes.

Lance-headed snakes are found in Central and South America, and they account for most snakebites in Brazil. The phylogeny of South American pitvipers has been reviewed, and the presence of natural and non-natural hybrids between different species of Bothrops snakes demonstrates that reproductive isolation of several species is still incomplete. The present study aimed to analyze the biological features, particularly the thrombin-like activity, of venoms from hybrids born in captivity, from the mating of a female Bothrops erythromelas and a male Bothrops neuwiedi, two species whose venoms are known to display ontogenetic variation. Proteolytic activity on azocoll and amidolytic activity on N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide hydrochloride (BAPNA) were lowest when hybrids were 3 months old, and increased over body growth, reaching values similar to those of the father when hybrids were 12 months old. The clotting activity on plasma diminished as hybrids grew; venoms from 3- and 6-months old hybrids showed low clotting activity on fibrinogen (i.e., thrombin-like activity), like the mother venom, and such activity was detected only when hybrids were older than 1 year of age. Altogether, these results point out that venom features in hybrid snakes are genetically controlled during the ontogenetic development. Despite the presence of the thrombin-like enzyme gene(s) in hybrid snakes, they are silenced during the first six months of life.

Percepção do trabalho docente em uma universidade da Região Norte do Brasil / Perception of the teaching profession at a university in Northern Brazil / Percepción de la labor docente en una universidad de la Región Norte de Brasil

Buscou-se conhecer a percepção da experiência do trabalho docente em cursos de saúde de uma universidade federal da região Norte do Brasil. Utilizando-se abordagem qualitativa, foram entrevistados seis docentes de cursos de saúde dessa universidade, cujos dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Predominaram mulheres na função docente, e a valorização dessa função como vínculo estável de trabalho, fonte de rendimentos e função social. No trabalho docente, a maioria se concentra no desenvolvimento de habilidades técnico-científicas dos alunos, expressando a necessidade da qualificação contínua e apoio institucional insuficiente. As relações pessoais desses docentes com alunos e outros professores e técnico-administrativos são reconhecidamente mediadoras da qualidade do processo de ensino-apren-dizagem e trabalho. Quanto à saúde, a maior parte se sente vulnerável e desgastada, principalmente em aspectos psicoemocionais, o que influencia as suas relações sociais dentro e fora do ambiente de trabalho. Embora o exercício profissional tenha sido identificado como fonte de estabilidade, realização pessoal e financeira, destacam-se a precariedade e a sobrecarga de trabalho, que tendem a induzir sofrimento e adoe-cimento. Esta reflexão entre docentes, movimentos sindicais e instituições de ensino pode subsidiar ajustes institucionais, legais, curriculares e sociais para melhorar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem e a qualidade de vida dos docentes.

An attempt was made to get to know the views professors have on the experience of teaching in health courses at a federal university located in northern Brazil. Using a qualitative approach, six professors working at the university's health courses were interviewed, and their data were subjected to content analysis. Most professors were female, and the role was valued as it represents a stable employment status, a source ofincome, and a social function. In the teaching activity, most focus on developing the students' technical and scientific skills, expressing the need for ongoing training and insufficient institutional support. Personal relationships among these professors and students and with other professors and technical administrators are known to mediate the quality of the teaching/learning and work processes. Insofar as health is concerned, most feel vulnerable and worn, particularly in psycho-emotional aspects, a fact that influences their social relations within and outside of the workplace. Although the professional practice has been identified as a source of stability and of personal and financial realization, the precariousness and work overload stand out and tend to induce suffering and illness. This reflection among professors, labor union movements, and educational institutions may support institutional, legal, curriculum and social adjustments in order to improve the process of teaching and learning and the professors' quality of life.

Se buscó conocer la percepción de la experiencia del trabajo docente en cursos de salud de una universidad federal de la región Norte de Brasil. A partir de un enfoque cualitativo, fueron entrevistados seis profesores de cursos de salud de esa universidad, cuyos datos fueron someti-dos al análisis de contenido. Predominaron las mujeres en la función docente, y la valoración de esta función como vínculo laboral estable, fuente de ingresos y función social. En el trabajo docente, la mayoría se concentra en el desarrollo de habilidades técnicas y científicas de los estu-diantes, lo que expresa la necesidad de la formación continua y un apoyo institucional insuficiente. Las relaciones personales de estos profesores con alumnos y otros docentes y con técnicos administrativos, son reconocidamente mediadoras de la calidad en el proceso de ensenanza-apren-dizaje y trabajo. En relación a la salud, la mayoría se siente vulnerable y desgastada, sobre todo en los aspectos psicoemocionales, lo que influye en sus relaciones sociales dentro y fuera del ambiente de trabajo. Aunque la práctica profesional se haya identificado como una fuente de es-tabilidad, realización personal y financiera, sobresalen la precariedad y la sobrecarga de trabajo, que tienden a provocar sufrimiento y enfermedad. Esta reflexión entre los docentes, los mo-vimientos sindicales y las instituciones educativas puede sustentar ajustes institucionales, legales, curriculares y sociales para mejorar el proceso de ensenanza-aprendizaje y la calidad de vida de los docentes.

Ontogenetic Variation in Biological Activities of Venoms from Hybrids between Bothrops erythromelas and Bothrops neuwiedi Snakes

Lance-headed snakes are found in Central and South America, and they account for most snakebites in Brazil. The phylogeny of South American pitvipers has been reviewed, and the presence of natural and non-natural hybrids between different species of Bothrops snakes demonstrates that reproductive isolation of several species is still incomplete. The present study aimed to analyze the biological features, particularly the thrombin-like activity, of venoms from hybrids born in captivity, from the mating of a female Bothrops erythromelas and a male Bothrops neuwiedi, two species whose venoms are known to display ontogenetic variation. Proteolytic activity on azocoll and amidolytic activity on N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide hydrochloride (BAPNA) were lowest when hybrids were 3 months old, and increased over body growth, reaching values similar to those of the father when hybrids were 12 months old. The clotting activity on plasma diminished as hybrids grew; venoms from 3- and 6-months old hybrids showed low clotting activity on fibrinogen (i.e., thrombinlike activity), like the mother venom, and such activity was detected only when hybrids were older than 1 year of age. Altogether, these results point out that venom features in hybrid snakes are genetically controlled during the ontogenetic development. Despite the presence of the thrombin-like enzyme gene(s) in hybrid snakes, they are silenced during the first six months of life.

Evaluation of antimicrobial and antitumoral activity of Garcinia mangostana L. (mangosteen) grown in Southeast Brazil.

PURPOSE: To characterize the anatomy of the fruit and leaf and the presence of phytocompounds. To evaluate the antitumor and antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Garcinia mangostana L. (mangosteen) cultivated in southeastern Brazil. METHODS: Anatomical characterization and histochemical reactions were performed for structural identification and the presence of phytocompounds. Preparation of ethanolic extract of the fruit, leaf and resin of mangosteen. Culture B16-F10 melanoma cells for treatment with mangosteen ethanolic extract to determine cell viability by MTT and genotoxic effect by comet assay. Evaluation by antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by agar diffusion test and by determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). RESULTS: Our results showed many secretory canals in resin fruit and leaf; identifying lipids, starch, lignin and phenolic compounds. The leaf extract induced genotoxicity and apoptosis in B16-F10 cells, since the fragmentation of DNA in the comet assay. The ethanolic extract of mangosteen obtained in the resin, leaf and fruit showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with a MIC at 0.1 mg/mL. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we have demonstrated both antimicrobial and antitumor activity of ethanol extract of mangosteen emphasizing its therapeutic potential in infectious diseases and in cancer, such as melanoma.