Quantitative and qualitative analysis of neuroinflammation by beta amyloid1-42 toxin after treatment with resveratrol-loaded nanoparticles / Análise quantitativa e qualitativa da neuroinflamação pela toxina beta amilóide1-42 após tratamento com nanopartículas de resveratrol

Background: This study evaluated the effects of zein nanoparticles with resveratrol on neuroinflammation caused by Alzheimer's disease. Method: The sample consisted of 30 animals divided into control (C), positive control (CP), white nanoparticles (NB), resveratrol nanoparticles (NR) and resveratrol (R) groups. The animals received 10 mg/kg of resveratrol or nanoparticles according to the group, daily, for 15 days, oral administration. Afterward, they were submitted to immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses. Results: the IHC showed that there was no change in the morphological brain composition in the NR and C groups. Conversely, in the CP, NB, and R groups, changes in the deposition of Anti Tau were observed. The NR group showed a normal projection of taurine in the axon, which was not presented in the same way in the other groups. The CD68 marker showed no microglial activation in the R and C groups. Quantitative analyses of Anti Beta-Amyloid in the NR group showed a statistical difference com-pared to the CP, NB, and R groups, whereas the Anti Tau analysis showed a significant difference between the CP and NR groups. The CD68 marker showed a significant difference between the C and NR groups. The analysis of cy-tokines showed a significant difference in TNF-α between the C and CP groups, C and NB groups, CP and NR groups, and NB and NR groups. IL-6 and InF-δ showed no significant difference between all groups. IL-10 showed significant differences between the C and NR groups, C and R groups, and CP and NR groups. Conclusion: NR prevented the evolution of neuroinflammation(AU).

Introdução: Este estudo avaliou os efeitos das nanopartículas de zeína com resveratrol na neuroinflamação causada pela doença de Alzheimer. Método: A amostra consistiu em 30 animais divididos em grupos de controle (C), controle positivo (CP), nanopartículas brancas (NB), nanopartículas de resveratrol (NR) e resveratrol (R). Os animais receberam 10 mg/kg de resveratrol ou nanopartículas de acordo com o grupo, diariamente, por 15 dias, por via oral. Em seguida, foram submetidos a análises imuno-histoquímicas (IHC). Resultados: A IHC mostrou que não houve alteração na composição morfológica do cérebro nos grupos NR e C. Por outro lado, nos grupos CP, NB e R, foram observadas alterações na deposição de Anti Tau. O grupo NR mostrou uma projeção normal de taurina no axônio, que não se apresentou da mesma forma nos outros grupos. O marcador CD68 não mostrou ativação microglial nos grupos R e C. As análises quantitativas do antibeta-amiloide no grupo NR mostraram uma diferença estatística quando comparadas aos grupos CP, NB e R, enquanto a análise do antitau mostrou uma diferença significativa entre os grupos CP e NR. O marcador CD68 mostrou uma diferença significativa entre os grupos C e NR. A análise das citocinas mostrou uma diferença significativa no TNF-α entre os grupos C e CP, C e NB, CP e NR, e NB e NR. IL-6 e InF-δ não apresentaram diferença significativa entre todos os grupos. A IL-10 apresentou diferenças significativas entre os grupos C e NR, C e R, e CP e NR. Conclusão: A NR impediu a evolução da neuroinflamação (AU).

Quality indicators of hospitalized children influenced by clinical pharmacist services: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Care for children who are hospitalized can be optimized if the pharmacist, in conjunction with the multidisciplinary team, promotes the rational use of medicines. In this sense, the evaluation of the quality of these clinical services through indicators is important in the planning, decision making of pharmacists and managers of these services. OBJECTIVE: To characterize which health indicators were influenced by the pharmaceutical clinical services for the care of children in hospitals. METHODS: A systematic review was performed. The search for data was made on the bases: Cochrane, Embase, Lilacs, Pubmed and Web of Science. Then, the search included studies in which evaluated the impact of pharmaceutical clinical services on clinical, economic and humanistic outcomes. RESULTS: The search resulted in 11 included studies. In this review, four pharmaceutical clinical services were found: pharmacotherapy review, multiprofessional team interventions, antimicrobial stewardship program and pharmaceutical services at discharge hospital. The most influenced outcome indicators were length of hospital stay, with average time in the group that received the pharmacotherapy review service, and interventions multiprofessional team with a 6.45-day vs. 10.83 days in the control group; hospital readmissions with a significant reduction of non-scheduled readmission of 30 days in the ntimicrobial stewardship program; reduction of hospital costs and caregiver satisfaction. CONCLUSION: In this study, we can highlight that pharmacotherapy review, multiprofessional team interventions and Antimicrobial Stewardship Program that significantly reduced the clinical results of length of hospital stay and hospital readmission, as well as a significant reduction of hospital costs.

Development and implementation of a medication reconciliation during pediatric transitions of care in a public hospital.

OBJECTIVES: To generate effective changes in the work processes of an institution, such as hospitals, strategies are needed for the implementation of services. These should be based on the needs of the practice scenario and evidence that may develop programs applied to the routine of health care. This study aimed to implement medication reconciliation (MR) at the transition of care in the pediatric department of a public hospital located in Northeast Brazil. SETTING: A step-by-step approach was adopted to implement MR in the studied hospital and conducted from March 2019 to December 2019. PRACTICE INNOVATION: The implementation of MR used the "Model for Improvement" framework. The processes were built and tested in the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles. Children admitted to the hospital's pediatrics department were included in the study. The objective of the PDSA cycles was to reach 75% of the patients included, with the service performed in at least one transition of care episode. EVALUATION: This study used the following indicators: number of steps performed, number of discrepancies identified, and resolution of discrepancies. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed for all variables. RESULTS: In the first cycle, all patients (n = 34) had the best possible medication history (BPMH) completed, and 26.4% went through all the MR stages. Seventy-two discrepancies were identified and 90.3% of them were resolved. In the second cycle, all patients (n = 35) had the BPMH completed, and 20% went through all the stages. A total of 32 discrepancies were identified and 96.8% of them were resolved. In the third cycle, all patients (n = 30) had the BPMH completed, and 56.6% of patients went through all the stages. Twenty-four discrepancies were identified and resolved. CONCLUSION: The use of the "Model for Improvement" framework effectively contributed to the implementation of the service according to the characteristics of the studied hospital.

Measuring the impact of donations at the Bottom of the Pyramid (BoP) amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

The governments' isolation measures to contain the transmission of COVID-19 imposed a dilemma for the people at the bottom of the pyramid. Since these people have very unreliable sources of income, a dilemma arises: they must either work under risky conditions or refrain from work and suffer from income cuts. Emergency donations of food and cleaning supplies in a pandemic context might be overlooked by government and civil society actors. This paper aims to model the effects of donations on mitigating the negative effects of COVID-19 on vulnerable communities. Applying the system dynamics method, we simulated the behaviour of the pandemic in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) communities and the impacts that donations of food and cleaning supplies have in these settings. We administered surveys to the beneficiaries and local organisations responsible for the final distribution of donations to gather information from the field operations. The results show that increasing access to cleaning supplies in communities through donations can significantly reduce coronavirus transmission, particularly in high-density and low-resource areas, such as slums in urban settings. In addition, we also show that food donations can increase the vulnerable population's ability to afford necessities, alleviating the stress caused by the pandemic on this portion of the population. Therefore, this work helps decision-makers (such as government and non-governmental organisations) understand the impacts of donations on controlling outbreaks, especially under COVID-19 conditions, in a low-resource environment and, thus, aid these hard-to-reach populations in a pandemic setting.

Collaborative attitudes between pharmacists and physicians in Brazil

Abstract Pharmacist-physician collaboration is a strategy for optimizing patient care and improving health outcomes. Nevertheless, there is a lack of information in Brazil about collaborative practices among these professionals. The aim of this study was to measure collaborative attitude of pharmacists and physicians who were working together in a teaching hospital. A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2018 to January 2019 with pharmacists and physicians working in a teaching hospital in Northeastern Brazil. These professionals were invited to provide responses to the Brazilian version of the "Scale of Attitudes Towards Pharmacist-Physician Collaboration" (SATP2C); their scores ranged between 16 and 64 points. The software Epi Info TM (version 3.5.4) was used for data analysis, and data were expressed in means. Forty-four professionals participated in this study. The mean age was 33.5 (DP = 7.1) years. More than half of participants were male (n = 25, 56.8%). The means from the SATP2C for pharmacists and physicians were 54.20 and 50.91, respectively, indicating good collaborative attitudes. There was no statistical difference between the mean scores of pharmacists and physicians. Participants showed a predisposition for collaborative teamwork. Future studies should focus on understanding the process by which collaboration translates into clinical practice

Modelling hypercholesterolaemia in rats using high cholesterol diet.

Hypercholesterolaemia is a complex condition with multiple causes, including both lifestyle and genetic aspects. It is also a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which are responsible for 172 million deaths/year. Although the reasons for hypercholesterolaemia are known, there are many critical questions that remain to be answered so that new therapeutics can be developed. In order to elucidate the pathobiology of this condition, animal models can mimic the pathology of human hypercholesterolaemia. One example of an animal model is induced by the hypercholesterolaemic diet in Wistar rats. The present review first summarizes the current understanding of the metabolic profile involved in hypercholesterolaemia in humans. Next it comments about the lack of consensus as to which hypercholesterolaemia induction protocol should be used. The present work aimed to review experimental studies that induced hypercholesterolaemia in Wistar rats it was not intended to judge the "best" model, since they all achieved the goal of inducing an increase in serum cholesterol.

O local de trabalho como potencializador na formação de treinadores de basquetebol / The workplace as a potentializer in the professional training of basketball coaches / El lugar de trabajo como potencializador en la formación de entrenadores de baloncesto

O objetivo da pesquisa foi investigar as possíveis interferências do contexto institucional na aprendizagem de treinadores de basquetebol, com atenção especial para os dispositivos formativos do local de trabalho. Do ponto de vista dos procedimentos metodológicos, definimos o método de estudo de casos múltiplos. Os participantes foram cinco treinadores e dois gestores, vinculados a três instituições esportivas. Para coleta de dados selecionamos a técnica de entrevista semiestruturada. Para análise dos dados elegemos a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados revelaram três dispositivos formativos intrinsecamente vinculados à socialização no contexto de trabalho: o planejamento conjunto entre as instituições, o convívio diário entre os treinadores e o desenvolvimento de cursos e clínicas no local de trabalho.

The aim of the research was to analyze the possible interference from the institutional context in the learning of basketball coaches, with special attetion to the training devices of the workplace. From the view of metodological procedures, we have defined the method of studying multiple cases. The participants were five coaches and and two managers, linked to theree sports institutions. For data collection, we selected the semi-structured interview techinique. For data analysis we chose the content analysis techinique. The results revealed three training devices instrinsically linked to socialization in the work context: joint planning between institutaions, daily contact between coaches and the development of courses and clinics in the workplace.

El objetivo de la investigación fue buscar las posibles interferencias del contexto institucional en el aprendizaje de los entrenadores de baloncesto, con especial atención a los dispositivos de entrenamiento del lugar de trabajo. Desde el punto de vista de los procedimientos metodológicos, hemos definido el método de estudio de casos múltiples. Los participantes fueron cinco entrenadores y dos directivos, vinculados a tres instituciones deportivas. Para la recolección de datos, seleccionamos la técnica de entrevista semiestructurada. Para el análisis de datos elegimos la técnica de análisis de contenido. Los resultados revelaron tres dispositivos de formación intrínsecamente ligados a la socialización en el contexto laboral: planificación conjunta entre instituciones, contacto diario entre entrenadores y desarrollo de cursos y clínicas en el lugar de trabajo.

Effect of cassava flour on the lipidic and redox profile of Wistar rats with dyslipidemia.

One of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease is high total cholesterol. It is known that some foods can reduce plasma cholesterol, such as oats. Cassava flour has a similar amount of fiber when compared to oats. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hypocholesterolemic potential of cassava flour. Thirty Wistar rats (eight weeks old) were divided into three groups: control, high-cholesterol diet, high-cholesterol diet + cassava flour, and were treated for 8 weeks. The weight and food consumption of the animals were evaluated weekly. After euthanasia, analyzes of biochemical and oxidative stress profiles were performed, besides the histological analysis of the liver. Cassava flour protected animals from lipoperoxidation, according to thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances results and improved superoxide dismutase activity and thiol content; however, failed to improve the lipid profile and catalase. Cassava flour was possibly able to slow the progression of NASH according to liver histology. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Lifestyle and nutritional habits have been considered important factors associated with the development of dyslipidemia and other chronic diseases. Medicines for chronic diseases are often expensive and have present side effects, and therefore, it is preferable to prevent them through food. Cassava flour is a food widely consumed by Brazilians, which is inexpensive and contains no gluten. Understanding more about one of the most used foods in Brazil is important for health professionals to be able to prescribe it for the correct purposes.

Emotional distress in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

AIM: This study aimed to analyze the association between emotional distress and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), with respect to dental anxiety, microvascular diabetes chronic complications, demographic conditions. METHOD: The cross-sectional study design included 100 adolescents and young adults with T1DM, from regional diabetes reference center. The clinical and laboratory data were obtained from medical records. Distress and dental anxiety scales were produced from questionnaires that were validated for emotional distress (DDS) and dental anxiety (Corah Scale). Multiple analyses estimated odds ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals using a binary logistic regression model (P < .05). RESULTS: The mean participants age was 20.7 ± 5.5 years, and 52% were female. Of the patients, 19% presented with chronic microvascular diabetes complications (nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy). Regarding the distress scale, 53% of the patients presented with high DDS and 83% had little to slight anxiety with dental procedures. There were statistically significant differences when variables were adjusted in the model, such as that of microvascular diabetes chronic complications and female gender with emotional distress. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that female sex and microvascular diabetes chronic complications are associated with greater emotional distress in patients with T1DM.

Study of transcranial photobiomodulation at 945-nm wavelength: anxiety and depression.

Transcranial photobiomodulation is an innovative method for the stimulation of neural activity which consists of the exposure of neural tissue to low-level light irradiance. In the present study, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were used as light source due to their practicality and low cost. The objective was to analyze the effects of transcranial photobiomodulation using 945-nm LED in university students with anxiety and depression. Sample was composed of 22 individuals (17-25 years of age) divided into 2 groups of 11. LED group was treated with 945-nm LEDs for 1 min and 25 s (9.35 J/cm2), while in the placebo group, the device was off when placed in contact with the frontal bone for the same amount of time as in treatment group. Participants were evaluated at baseline and after 30 days with the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), the faces test, the designs test, and the grip strength test. On the HADS for anxiety, the mean PAB, PAA, PhAB, and PhAA were 13.89 ± 3.55, 12.82 ± 3.18, 10.75 ± 2.49, and 6.66 ± 2.50 points, respectively. In the HADS for depression, the mean for the PDB group was 13.89 ± 3.55 points, in the PhDB group 12.82 ± 3.18 points, in the PDA group 10.75 ± 2.49 points, and in the PhDA group 6.66 ± 2.50 points. In the PA and PD groups, mean values of 8.0 ± 1.5 and 8.9 ± 1.26 scores were obtained, but did not reach significance; however, between PA and PhD analysis, a significance level of p = 0.0003 was obtained. The 945-nm LED transcranial photobiomodulation improves brain activity and may clinically decrease anxiety and depression.

Evaluation of students' attitudes towards pharmacist-physician collaboration in Brazil

Objective: To measure undergraduate pharmacy and medical students' collaborative attitudes regarding Pharmacist-Physician collaboration. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from September 2016 to February 2017 in Northeast Brazil. Pharmacy and medical students from the first and the last year of courses were invited to complete Portuguese version of Scale of Attitudes Toward Pharmacist-Physician Collaboration (SATP2C). Descriptive and comparative analyses were performed using IBM SPSS (22 version). Differences were considered significant when p<0.05. Results: Three hundred seventy students completed the SATP2C. Overall, the students had positive attitudes towards physician-pharmacist collaboration. There was no significant correlation between age and score (p=0.79). Women showed a more positive collaborative attitude than men (53.1, SD=6.8 vs. 55.1, SD=6.3). Pharmacy students had a higher score than medical students (57.5, SD=4.7, vs. 51.1, SD=6.4). The first-year medical students had a higher score than last-year medical students (52.3, SD=6.0 vs. 49.5, SD=6.6; p<0.007). There was no significant difference in the attitudes between the first and last year pharmacy students (p<0.007). Conclusions: Pharmacy and medical students showed positive attitudes towards physician-pharmacist collaboration. However, pharmacy students presented more collaborative attitudes than medical ones. Additionally, the first-year medical students had more collaborative attitudes than last-year medical students. Studies should be conducted to provide recommendations to improve interprofessional education efforts to further enhance the positive attitudes toward physician-pharmacist collaboration

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Mídia e esporte: representações sobre treinadores em um jornal impresso / Media and sport: representations of coaches in a newspaper / Medios de comunicación y deporte: representación de entrenadores en un periódico

Resumo O estudo buscou identificar e analisar os conteúdos relacionados a esportes e treinadores na mídia impressa. O material de análise foi composto por 41 colunas esportivas, publicadas por jornal de grande circulação nacional durante um mês. Os dados foram tratados pela análise de conteúdo. Verificou-se que o tema predominante foi o futebol masculino de grandes clubes e que 24 das 41 colunas apresentaram conteúdo sobre treinadores. Constatou-se que os discursos apresentaram um teor avaliativo sobre o trabalho dos treinadores, contribuíram para a formação de opinião sobre a competência ou incompetência dos profissionais e para a construção de uma representação deles perante o público.

Abstract The study sought to identify and analyse the content related to sports and coaches in the print media. The analysis material was composed of 41 sports columns, published by large national newspaper for a month. The data were analysed by content analysis. It was found that the predominant theme was the male football big clubs and that 24 of the 41 speakers presented content on coaches. It was found that the speeches had an evaluative content of the work of coaches, contributing to the formation of opinion about the competence or incompetence of professionals and to build a representation of them to the public.

Resumen El estudio trata de identificar y analizar el contenido relacionado con el deporte y los entrenadores en los medios impresos. El material de análisis se compone de 41 columnas deportivas, publicadas por un diario importante a nivel nacional durante un mes. Los datos se analizaron mediante el análisis de contenido. Se encontró que el tema predominante fueron los grandes clubes de fútbol masculino y que 24 de los 41 oradores presentaron contenido de los entrenadores. Se encontró que los informes tenían un contenido evaluador del trabajo de los entrenadores, lo que contribuye a la formación de opinión sobre la competencia o incompetencia de los profesionales y a la construcción de una representación de ellos para el público.

Perceptions of a group of hospital pharmacists and other professionals of the implementation of clinical pharmacy at a high complexity public hospital in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: During the process of implementation of clinical pharmacy services, internal and external factors may favor or hinder the incorporation of care into the hospital routine. This study aimed to understand the perceptions of a group of hospital pharmacists and other professionals of the implementation of clinical pharmacy at a high complexity public hospital in Brazil. METHODS: A focus group with 16 pharmacists and interviews with tree key stakeholders including managers in the pharmaceutical, medical, and nursing profession were conducted to understand their perceptions of the implementation clinical pharmacy services in a high complexity public hospital in Brazil. The service proposal was presented to the selected participants before conducting the focus group. Professionals with an overview of the hospital and influence on the relevant departments for the implementation of clinical pharmacy at the institution were selected. Data collected were transcribed and analyzed using the Bardin Content Analysis technique. Data analyzed were systematized into categories and registration units. The methodology involves the organization and analysis of reported content to make inferences. RESULTS: The data obtained were divided into four categories: "Perception of the current situation", "Implementation expectations", "Barriers to implementation", "Implementation facilitators". Participants discussed the stagnation of clinical activities of the pharmaceutical profession in Brazil, a reality that results from a lack of clinical training in the country. Pharmacists expressed their expectations for changes in professional performance. According to the managers, such services would positively affect clinical outcomes for patients. Gaps in academic education, lack of knowledge, and poor communication skills were barriers reported in this study. Pharmacists' clinical experience has been reported to facilitate the provision of services. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights factors that may influence the implementation of clinical pharmacy services in the institution analyzed, such as resistance, fear, and frustration as barriers, as well the experience in clinical pharmacy of some pharmacists in the institution was one of the facilitators most cited by participants. This knowledge may aid future planning for the implementation of clinical pharmacy in hospitals.

Evaluation of students' attitudes towards pharmacist-physician collaboration in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To measure undergraduate pharmacy and medical students' collaborative attitudes regarding Pharmacist-Physician collaboration. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from September 2016 to February 2017 in Northeast Brazil. Pharmacy and medical students from the first and the last year of courses were invited to complete Portuguese version of Scale of Attitudes Toward Pharmacist-Physician Collaboration (SATP2C). Descriptive and comparative analyses were performed using IBM SPSS (22 version). Differences were considered significant when p<0.05. RESULTS: Three hundred seventy students completed the SATP2C. Overall, the students had positive attitudes towards physician-pharmacist collaboration. There was no significant correlation between age and score (p=0.79). Women showed a more positive collaborative attitude than men (53.1, SD=6.8 vs. 55.1, SD=6.3). Pharmacy students had a higher score than medical students (57.5, SD=4.7, vs. 51.1, SD=6.4). The first-year medical students had a higher score than last-year medical students (52.3, SD=6.0 vs. 49.5, SD=6.6; p<0.007). There was no significant difference in the attitudes between the first and last year pharmacy students (p<0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacy and medical students showed positive attitudes towards physician-pharmacist collaboration. However, pharmacy students presented more collaborative attitudes than medical ones. Additionally, the first-year medical students had more collaborative attitudes than last-year medical students. Studies should be conducted to provide recommendations to improve interprofessional education efforts to further enhance the positive attitudes toward physician-pharmacist collaboration.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation to Brazil of the scale of attitudes toward physician-pharmacists collaboration.

BACKGROUND: Despite the increasing complexity of medication therapies and the expansion of pharmaceutical clinical services to optimize patient care working in collaboration with physicians. In this sense, interdisciplinary education has been encouraged. However, no instrument is available to measure attitudes toward collaborative relationships. OBJECTIVE: To translate, cross-cultural adaptation and validation an instrument to measure collaboration attitudes toward students of medicine/pharmacy and physicians/pharmacists. METHODS: The process of cross-cultural adaptation was carried out using international recommendations and was performed from January 2014 to April 2015. The instrument under consideration was translated and re-translated. A panel of experts compared the generated documents and the translation was evaluated for 20 undergraduate students of Pharmacy, 20 undergraduate students of Medicine and professionals (20 pharmacists and 20 physicians). RESULTS: The process of cross-cultural translation and validation result in the Portuguese version. Modifications to the grammatical structures were made in order to establish a cross-cultural similarity between the English and Portuguese versions. Regarding the evaluation of the expert panel, six questions required modifications. CONCLUSIONS: Psychometric evaluation demonstrated and confirmed the validity of the Brazilian-Portuguese version to assess collaborative attitudes among pharmacists and physicians. Moreover, the scale can be used to evaluate undergraduates and postgraduates and foster the development of teaching methods that promote comprehensive attitudes in patient care.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation to Brazil of the scale of attitudes toward physician-pharmacists collaboration

Background: Despite the increasing complexity of medication therapies and the expansion of pharmaceutical clinical services to optimize patient care working in collaboration with physicians. In this sense, interdisciplinary education has been encouraged. However, no instrument is available to measure attitudes toward collaborative relationships. Objective: To translate, cross-cultural adaptation and validation an instrument to measure collaboration attitudes toward students of medicine/pharmacy and physicians/pharmacists. Methods: The process of cross-cultural adaptation was carried out using international recommendations and was performed from January 2014 to April 2015. The instrument under consideration was translated and re-translated. A panel of experts compared the generated documents and the translation was evaluated for 20 undergraduate students of Pharmacy, 20 undergraduate students of Medicine and professionals (20 pharmacists and 20 physicians). Results: The process of cross-cultural translation and validation result in the Portuguese version. Modifications to the grammatical structures were made in order to establish a cross-cultural similarity between the English and Portuguese versions. Regarding the evaluation of the expert panel, six questions required modifications. Conclusions: Psychometric evaluation demonstrated and confirmed the validity of the Brazilian-Portuguese version to assess collaborative attitudes among pharmacists and physicians. Moreover, the scale can be used to evaluate undergraduates and postgraduates and foster the development of teaching methods that promote comprehensive attitudes in patient care (AU)

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Helicobacter pylori: a bacteria que revolucionou os conceitos em relacao as gastroduodenopatias / Helicobacter pylori: the bacteria that revolutioned the concepts concerning the gastroduodenopaties

A microbiologia gastrica tem sido tristemente negligenciada. Metade dos pacientes encaminhados a gastroscopia e biopsia aprsentam colonizacao bacteriana dos seus estomagos, relacionadas com alteracoes histologicas. Durante tres anos foi observado pequeno bacilos encurvados em 135 biopsias gastricas. A bacteria estava muito proxima a superficie endotelial, dentro ou entre as foveolas gastricas

Helicobacter Pylori: a bacteria que revolucionou os conceitos em relacao as gastroduodenopatias: parte I / Helicobacter Pylory: the bacteria that revolutionizede the concepts concerning the gastroduodenopathies: part I

A bacteria hoje conhecida como Helicobacter pilory foi cultivada pela primeira vez no inicio da decada de 80, por dois pesquisadores australianos, a partir de biopsias do antro gastrico. Sua evidente relacao de causalidade com a gastrite nao imunologica e sua acentuada prevalencia nos portadores de doenca ulcerosa peptica, geraram centenas de publicacoes na literatura medica mundial nos anos que se seguiram. A similaridade epidemiologica do Helicobacter pylori com as caracteristicas epidemiologicas do cancer gastrico so aumentou a importancia da descoberta. Hoje se considera que o Helicobater pylori verdadeiramente revolucionou os conceitos e as condutas diagnosticas e terapeuticas em relacao as principais gastroduodenopatias. E de fundamental importancia a assimilacao gradativa desses novos conhecimentos pela comunidade medica em geral, para que no mais breve periodo de tempo possivel os nossos pacientes venham ser efetivamente beneficiados pelos mesmos. Dados historicos e atuais sao apresentados em relacao ao Helicobater pylori, com enfase no que se refere as principais caracteristicas morfologicas e epidemiologias da bacteria, sua relacao com a gastrite, a ulcera gastrica, a ulcera duodenal, o cancer gastrico e a dispepsia nao ulcerosa, alem dos principais metodos diagnosticos e os principais esquemas antibioticos anti-Hilicobater pylori atualmente disponiveis.