ABSTRACT
Verificaram-se a ocorrência de mastite subclínica em animais da raça Holandesa e a relação entre a contagem de células somáticas com a ordem de lactação e com a produção e a composição química do leite. O estudo foi realizado em propriedades integrantes do programa de controle leiteiro da Associação de Criadores de Gado Holandês de Minas Gerais. As variáveis estudadas foram: ordem de lactação, ocorrência de mastite subclínica, contagem de células somáticas (CCS), produção de leite e porcentagens de gordura e de proteína total. A correlação entre CCS e produção de leite foi negativa e entre CCS e porcentagens de gordura e de proteína, positivas. Animais com maior número de lactações apresentaram maior CCS, e com CCS acima de 100.000 cels/ml menor produção de leite.
The subclinical mastitis occurrence and the relationship between somatic cell count (SCC) with parity, milk yield and milk chemical composition, were studied in Holstein cows. The study was carried out in farms belonging to the milk control program of the Associação de Criadores de Gado Holandês de Minas Gerais. Data on lactation order, subclinical mastitis, SCC, milk production, fat contents and total protein contents were analyzed. There was a negative correlation between SCC and milk production and, correlations between SCC and percentage of fat and protein were positive. Higher lactation order cows showed higher SCC, and cows with SCC higher than 100,000 cels/ml showed less milk production.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Cell Count/veterinary , Mastitis, Bovine/epidemiologyABSTRACT
We evaluated the prevalence of, and factors associated with, Helicobacter pylori infection in 222 subjects from 3 distinct communities of native populations (Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau Indians and 2 riverine communities living on the banks of the Machado river and in Portuchuelo) living in isolation in the rainforest of Brazilian Western Amazon. The overall prevalence was 78.8% (95% CI 72.7-83.9). The prevalence was higher in the Machado river community compared with Portuchuelo (chi2 = 3.84, P = 0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the Machado river community and the Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau Indians. Logistic regression showed that residential crowding and age were factors associated with the presence of H. pylori infection. Acquisition of the bacterium started early in life and by the age of 2 years 50% of children were infected. The prevalence increased with age, reaching near universal levels during adulthood (97.9%). Residential crowding was high with a global index of 3.3 persons/room (SD = 1.8), varying significantly between the 3 communities (P = 0.001). These data provide further evidence supporting direct person-to-person spread of the bacterium.
Subject(s)
Helicobacter Infections/epidemiology , Helicobacter pylori , Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Brazil/ethnology , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Helicobacter Infections/diagnosis , Helicobacter Infections/etiology , Humans , Indians, South American , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Residence Characteristics , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
One hundred and thirty cases of diarrhea and 43 age-matched controls, 0 to 5 years old, were studied in a pediatric outpatient unit from a poor peri urban area of Porto Velho, Rondônia. Eighty percent of diarrheal cases were observed in the groups under 2 years of age. Rotavirus (19.2%) was the most frequent enteropathogen associated with diarrhea, followed by Shigella flexneri (6.15%) and S. sonnei (1.5%) and Salmonella sp. (6.9%). Four cases of E. coli enterotoxigenic infections (3.1%), E. coli enteropathogenic (EPEC)(2.3%) one case of E. coli enteroinvasive infection (0.8%) and one case of Yersinia enterocolitica (0.8%) were also identified. Mixed infections were frequent, associating rotavirus, EPEC and Salmonella sp. with Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia.
Subject(s)
Diarrhea/microbiology , Poverty Areas , Urban Population , Brazil/epidemiology , Child, Preschool , Diarrhea/epidemiology , Diarrhea/virology , Humans , Infant , Infant, NewbornABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To identify the most common ocular findings in a pediatric group of patients with Down's syndrome. METHODS: A total of 152 children with Down's syndrome between two months and 18 years of age prospectively underwent ocular examination, including visual acuity assessment, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, ocular motility, cycloplegic retinoscopy, and ophthalmoscopy. RESULTS: Ocular findings in decreasing prevalence were the following: upward slanting of the palpebral fissure with the outer canthus 2 mm or higher than the inner canthus (82%), epicanthal folds (61%), astigmatism (60%), iris abnormalities (52%), strabismus (38%), lacrimal system obstruction (30%), blepharitis (30%), retinal abnormalities (28%), hyperopia (26%), amblyopia (26%), nystagmus (18%), cataract (13%), and myopia (13%). Visual acuity was assessed, and the Teller acuity cards were the most useful method of examination. The patients younger than five years old had a higher prevalence of hyperopia than did those in other age groups; patients between five and 12 years old had a higher prevalence of astigmatism; and patients older than 12 years of age had more iris abnormalities, strabismus, and cataract. Myopia and myopic astigmatism were more common in the patients with cardiac malformations. CONCLUSION: The early diagnosis of the ocular abnormalities in patients with Down's syndrome, by using Teller acuity cards in assessing visual acuity facilitates the treatment of refractive errors, strabismus, and amblyopia and may minimize handicaps.
Subject(s)
Down Syndrome/complications , Eye Diseases/epidemiology , Adolescent , Age Distribution , Brazil/epidemiology , Cataract/diagnosis , Cataract/epidemiology , Cataract/etiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Eye Diseases/diagnosis , Eye Diseases/etiology , Eyelid Diseases/diagnosis , Eyelid Diseases/epidemiology , Eyelid Diseases/etiology , Female , Fundus Oculi , Humans , Infant , Lacrimal Duct Obstruction/diagnosis , Lacrimal Duct Obstruction/epidemiology , Lacrimal Duct Obstruction/etiology , Male , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Refractive Errors/diagnosis , Refractive Errors/epidemiology , Refractive Errors/etiology , Retinal Diseases/diagnosis , Retinal Diseases/epidemiology , Retinal Diseases/etiology , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
The histopathology of 282 consecutive clinically diagnosed epibulbar tumors excised from children age 15 years and younger was reviewed at a major ophthalmic hospital over a 20-year period. The most common epibulbar tumors of childhood are nevi, choristomas, epithelial inclusion cysts, and papillomas. There was only one malignant tumor among the 282 orbital tumors of childhood.
Subject(s)
Eye Neoplasms/epidemiology , Adolescent , Biopsy , Child , Child, Preschool , Choristoma/epidemiology , Choristoma/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Eye Diseases/classification , Eye Diseases/diagnosis , Eye Diseases/pathology , Eye Neoplasms/classification , Eye Neoplasms/diagnosis , Eye Neoplasms/pathology , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Melanocytes , Nevus/epidemiology , Nevus/pathology , PennsylvaniaABSTRACT
O problema da fibroplasia retrocristaliniana está sendo indevidamente subestimado entre nós. Acreditam-se que os dados expostos comprovam esta assertiva e indica-se o recrudescimento da fibroplasia retrocristaliniana. Um exame minucioso da retina periférica é um meio eficaz para o reconhecimento das alteraçöes iniciais da fibroplasia retrocristaliniana, prevenindo problemas médico-legais. Os anestesiologistas têm papel importante na contra-indicaçäo de cirurgias eletivas em crianças com menos de 45 semanas de idade gestacional ou com peso inferior a 4,6 kg. A ventilaçäo de recém-nascidos deve ser feita com ar e rigoroso controle PaO2, que näo deve ultrapassar 10-12kPa (80-90 mmHg), deve ser feito por meio dos monitores transcutâneos de PaO2
Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Humans , Male , Female , Blindness/chemically induced , Oxygen/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Os aa. estudaram as causas de cegueira binocular no Instituto Penido Burnier, Campinas, SP. nos anos de 1940, 1960 e 1980. Foram estudados 322 casos cujas etiologias puderam ser bem definidas. Avulta entre causas de cegueira, o glaucoma tanto no adulto quanto na criança. Merecem destaque também a retinpatia diabética no adulto e a fibroplasia retrolenticular na criança
Subject(s)
Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Blindness/etiology , Glaucoma/complications , Retinopathy of Prematurity/complications , Diabetic Retinopathy/complicationsABSTRACT
Os aa. analisam 172 casos de enucleaçäo do globo ocular ocorridos no Instituto Penido Burnier, durante o período de 1978 a 1982. Fazem um estudo comparativo envolvendo: idade, sexo, olho acometido, ano da enucleaçäo e indicaçöes de cirurgias segundo a faixa etária e sua incidência por ordem de freqüência. Salientam a importância do exame anátomo- patológico, tanto do ponto de vista técnico-cirúrgico, como também médico-legal
Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Eye Enucleation/statistics & numerical data , Age Factors , Eye Diseases/surgery , Eye Injuries/surgeryABSTRACT
Os AA. apresentam 2 casos clinicos sobre duas irmas, filhas de pais primos em 1o. , portadoras de uma alteracao do epitelio pigmentar no polo posterior, associada a hipotricose congenita generalizada e progressiva. Avaliam as possibilidades diagnosticas em relacao as degeneracoes retinianas do polo posterior associadas a doen cas cutaneas
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Female , Alopecia , Pigment Epithelium of EyeABSTRACT
A retinopatia da prematuridade e analisada tendo em vista as varias fases da sua instalacao, dando enfase ao uso da vitamina E e teofilina.Faz parte da profilaxia da ROP prolongar o parto ate seu termo natural, com o auxilio de relaxantes uterinos (betabloqueadores, etanol, isoxsuprina, progesterona). Quando o prematuro necessita oxigenioterapia nao devem faltar a administracao de vitamina E, de analepticos (teofilina, cafeina) e de rigoroso controle da FIO2, baseada na dosagem transcutanea do oxigenio arterial. O tratamento cirurgico (vitrectomia, cerclagem, fotocoagulacao) nao proporciona melhora visual nos estagios mais avancados. Sao tecidas consideracoes dos problemas medico-legais decorrentes da infelicitante doenca
Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Humans , Infant, Premature, Diseases , Retinal DiseasesABSTRACT
A despeito dos recentes progressos no campo da neonatologia a retinopatia da prematuridade (fibroplasia retro-cristaliniana) e ainda um problema a ser resolvido e uma das maiores causas de cegueira em criancas e recem-nascidos. Os autores fazem uma revisao critica dos aspectos controvertidos envolvidos. Enfase e dada a etiopatogenia e classificacao. Recem-nascidos com peso igual ou inferior a 1.500 grs. sao especialmente propensos a desenvolver a retinopatia mesmo quando a oxigenoterapia e bem conduzida. A classificacao de Reese e adotada por apresentar obvias vantagens praticas
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Premature, Diseases , Retinopathy of Prematurity , ClassificationABSTRACT
Sao apresentados quarenta casos de retinopatia da prematuridade diagnosticados durante exames oftalmicos realizados em criancas durante o periodo de 1980 a 1983, com a incidencia de 1:1.212 pacientes atendidos. As caracteristicas dos quarenta casos sao descritos e chama-se a atencao para a predominancia de pacientes do sexo feminino (63,1%). Chega-se tambem a conclusao que a retinopatia do prematuro esta em fase ascendente epidemiologica pelo menos na area geografica de Campinas, Sao Paulo, pois comparando-se esta incidencia com a do periodo de 1949-1955, verifica-se que houve aumento de 8,9 vezes
