Exploring the recurrent states of football teams' tactical organization on the pitch during Brazilian official matches.

Football teams' tactical organization on the pitch is usually represented by the surface area. Considering the different shapes adopted by the teams during the match, the role of the tactical variability for success is lacking. The aim of this study was to explore and to evaluate the association between recurrent states of tactical organization and technical performance during football matches. A total of 28 teams of Brazilian First Division Championships were analysed. Teams' surface area shapes were represented by the maximum value of the Multiscale Fractal Dimension in each timestamp, producing a time series. Recurrences of states of tactical organization were determined via recurrence plots and recurrence quantitative analysis during attacking and defending phases, and considering the whole match. The outcomes were correlated with nine traditional technical performance indicators. The main results showed that structural recurrence or variability on tactical organization is associated with performance success during the defending and attacking actions. Recurrence plot and measures based on the recurrence density proved to be valuable tools to represent teams' dynamics.

Who are the best passing players in professional soccer? A machine learning approach for classifying passes with different levels of difficulty and discriminating the best passing players.

The present study aimed to assess the use of technical-tactical variables and machine learning (ML) classifiers in the automatic classification of the passing difficulty (DP) level in soccer matches and to illustrate the use of the model with the best performance to distinguish the best passing players. We compared eight ML classifiers according to their accuracy performance in classifying passing events using 35 technical-tactical variables based on spatiotemporal data. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm achieved a balanced accuracy of 0.70 ± 0.04%, considering a multi-class classification. Next, we illustrate the use of the best-performing classifier in the assessment of players. In our study, 2,522 pass actions were classified by the SVM algorithm as low (53.9%), medium (23.6%), and high difficulty passes (22.5%). Furthermore, we used successful rates in low-DP, medium-DP, and high-DP as inputs for principal component analysis (PCA). The first principal component (PC1) showed a higher correlation with high-DP (0.80), followed by medium-DP (0.73), and low-DP accuracy (0.24). The PC1 scores were used to rank the best passing players. This information can be a very rich performance indication by ranking the best passing players and teams and can be applied in offensive sequences analysis and talent identification.

Qualidade da residência médica na perspectiva das partes interessadas: revisão de escopo e painel Delphi / Quality of medical residency from the stakeholders' perspective: a scoping review and Delphi panel

RESUMO Introdução: Embora na literatura médica existam diversas métricas para avaliar a qualidade dos programas de residência, os instrumentos avaliativos tendem a focar as dimensões dos residentes e preceptores. Isso negligencia uma ampla gama de partes interessadas (stakeholders), cujas perspectivas são fundamentais para uma compreensão holística da qualidade dos programas. Objetivo: Diante desse contexto, esta revisão teve como objetivos mapear os principais stakeholders envolvidos na residência médica, identificar e categorizar as métricas de avaliação da qualidade dos programas mais prevalentes na literatura, e analisar a sua relevância em relação às perspectivas das partes interessadas. Método: Inicialmente, foi realizada uma revisão de escopo da literatura para identificar e categorizar os stakeholders, além de mapear as métricas de qualidade. Posteriormente, um painel Delphi foi conduzido para analisar a relevância dessas métricas em relação às perspectivas das partes interessadas identificadas. Resultado: Foram mapeados 14 stakeholders e identificadas 17 métricas, posteriormente divididas em quatro categorias principais. As métricas "adaptabilidade" e "bem-estar" se destacaram, sendo unanimemente reconhecidas por todos os stakeholders como "favorável" ou "altamente favorável". Por sua vez, "autoavaliação" e "satisfação do paciente" receberam avaliações mais cautelosas ou negativas. Os painelistas enfatizaram que "nenhuma métrica é capaz de fornecer individualmente uma avaliação precisa da qualidade de um programa de residência médica". Conclusão: Ao mapear os stakeholders da residência médica, bem como identificar, categorizar e analisar as métricas de avaliação da qualidade mais prevalentes, este estudo ampliou o debate sobre a complexidade das perspectivas em torno da formação médica. A diversidade de atores envolvidos justifica valorizações distintas das várias dimensões da qualidade, reforçando a conclusão de que métricas isoladas não capturam integralmente a qualidade dos programas. Na prática, os resultados sublinham a importância da implementação de sistemas de avaliação da qualidade que sejam equilibrados e alinhados com as expectativas e necessidades dos principais stakeholders.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Medical literature abounds with metrics to assess the quality of residency programs, yet evaluative tools predominantly focus on the dimensions relevant to residents and preceptors. This overlooks a wide range of stakeholders, whose perspectives are essential for a holistic understanding of program quality. Given this context, this review aimed to map key stakeholders in medical residency, identify and categorize the most prevalent quality assessment metrics found in the literature, and analyze their relevance in relation to the stakeholders' perspectives. Method: Initially, a scoping review of the literature was conducted to identify and categorize stakeholders, as well as to map quality metrics. This was followed by a Delphi panel to assess the relevance of these metrics in relation to the perspectives of the identified stakeholders. Results: Fourteen stakeholders were mapped, and seventeen metrics were identified, subsequently divided into four main categories. The metrics "Adaptability" and "Well-being" stood out, being unanimously recognized by all stakeholders as "Favorable" or "Highly Favorable". Conversely, "Self-assessment" and "Patient Satisfaction" elicited more cautious or negative evaluations. Panelists emphasized that "no single metric can provide an accurate assessment of the quality of a medical residency program on its own". Conclusion: By mapping the stakeholders of medical residency, as well as identifying, categorizing, and analyzing the most prevalent quality assessment metrics, this study broadened the debate on the complexity of perspectives surrounding medical education. The diversity of actors observed justifies distinct evaluations across the various dimensions of quality, reinforcing the conclusion that isolated metrics cannot fully capture the program quality. In practice, the findings underscore the importance of implementing quality assessment frameworks that are balanced and aligned with the expectations and needs of the main stakeholders.

Interpersonal coordination of opposing player dyads during attacks performed in official football matches.

The purpose of this study was to characterise the interpersonal coordination between opponent players during offensive sequences in official matches and to verify if offensive sequences ended in shots to goal present different coordination patterns when compared than those that ended in defensive tackles. A total of 580 offensive sequences occurred during matches resulting in shots to goal (n = 172) or defensive tackles (n = 408) were analysed. The bidimensional coordinates and technical actions of male professional football players (n = 1160) were obtained using a video-based tracking system. Dyads were defined using a network analysis and composed of the nearest opponent. Interpersonal coordination of the dyads was analysed using the vector coding and the frequency for each coordination pattern was computed. In-phase was predominant for all displacement directions and offensive sequences outcomes, and antiphase was the least frequent. For lateral displacements, offensive sequences ending in shot to goal presented lower frequency for in-phase and higher frequency for offensive player phase than ended in defensive tackle. This information about the relationship of opponent players dyads during decisive moments of the matches provides fundamentals for future research and assists coaches to understand the different behaviours in successful and unsuccessful attacks.

Classification and determinants of passing difficulty in soccer: a multivariate approach.

INTRODUCTION: Usually, the players' or teams' efficiency to perform passes is measured in terms of accuracy. The degree of difficulty of this action has been overlooked in the literature. OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to classify the degree of passing difficulty in soccer matches and to identify and to discuss the variables that most explain the passing difficulty using spatiotemporal data. RESULTS: The data used corresponds to 2,856 passes and 32 independent variables. The Fisher Discriminant Analysis presented 72.0% of the original grouped cases classified correctly. The passes analyzed were classified as low (56.5%), medium (22.6%), and high difficulty (20.9%), and we identified 16 variables that best explain the degree of passing difficulty related to the passing receiver, ball trajectory, pitch position and passing player. CONCLUSIONS: The merit and ability of the player to perform passes with high difficulty should be valued and can be used to rank the best players and teams.In addition, the highlighted variables should be looked carefully by coaches when analyzing profiles, strengths and weaknesses of players and teams, and talent identification context. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The values found for each variable can be used as a reference for planning training, such as small side games, and in future research.

Penalty feet positioning rule modification and laterality effect on soccer goalkeepers' diving kinematics.

In 2019, a new rule was applied in soccer. It allows the goalkeeper to have only one foot or part of it on the goal line when the kicker hits the ball, unlike the previous rule that determined the goalkeeper should have both feet on the line. The purpose of the present study was to analyze how the change in the rule and the lower limbs laterality influences on the diving save kinematic performance in penalties. Six goalkeepers, two professionals and four amateurs, performed a total of 20 dives in the laboratory and had their force and impulse exerted by the lower limb and displacement/velocity data from the center of body mass collected through force plates and kinematic analysis. The side preference was collected through an inventory. The results showed that goalkeepers dive further (p < 0.001) and faster (p < 0.001) when diving according to the new rule. Dives for the non-dominant side presented higher values than the trials for the dominant side in mediolateral (p = 0.02) and resultant (p = 0.03) displacements. Concluding, the goalkeepers performed better with the new rule in the analyzed variables and the lower limb preference has influenced only the mediolateral and resultant displacement.

Common femoral artery doppler findings pre and post hyperbaric oxygen therapy for leg ulceration / Achados de doppler da artéria femoral comum antes e depois da oxigenoterapia hiperbárica para úlcera de perna / Hallazgos de doppler de la arteria femoral común antes y después de la terapia con oxígeno hiperbárico para la ulceración de la pierna

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) assumes that high pressure hyperoxygenation causes faster tissue recovery and wound healing. Lower extremity flow rates are affected by leg ulcers that change vasodilation, microcirculation resistance, and local tissue demands; how blood hyper oxygenation influences these factors is still unclear. Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) has been mostly associated with HBOT results in the femoral artery than in other arteries. Common femoral artery (CFA) peak systolic velocities (PSV), measured pre and post HBOT, were analyzed to research HBOT hemodynamics. Sixteen patients with leg ulcers who were 65 ± 11 (SD) (38-87) years-old, had HBOT of 90 minutes at 2.6 ATA. Bilateral CFA Doppler velocity waveforms were recorded immediately pre and post HBOT. Ulcerated vs non-ulcerated peak systolic velocity (PSV) data were compared using paired t-test. CFA PSV were significantly equal in the ulcerated and non-ulcerated extremities before HBOT: 114 ± 35 (SD) cm/s vs 116 ± 41 cm/s (p = 0.87 by paired t-test). CFA PSV in the ulcerated extremity increased to 122 ± 35 cm/s after HBOT but were statistically insignificant (p =.19 by one-tailed paired t-test). On the other hand, CFA PSV decreased to 103 ± 28 cm/s (p =.049 by one-tailed paired t-test) in the non-ulcerated extremity and were significantly lower after HBOT, with 103 ± 28 cm/s vs 122 ± 35 cm/s for the ulcerated limb (p =.02 by paired t-test). Blood velocity responses post HBOT showed differences between ulcerated vs non-ulcerated extremities. The non-ulcerated extremity apparently responded to oxygenation more than the ulcerated extremity. Such observation suggests further research on hemodynamic reactions caused by HBOT.

A oxigenoterapia hiperbárica (HbOT) assume que a oxigenação de alta pressão resulta em mais celeridade na recuperação do tecido e na cicatrização de feridas. As taxas de fluxo nas extremidades inferiores são afetadas por úlceras nas pernas que alteram a vasodilatação, a resistência da microcirculação e as demandas locais de tecido; esses fatores podem ser influenciados pela hiperoxigenação sanguínea de maneiras ainda não claramente compreendidas. A doença arterial oclusiva periférica femoral (DAOP) tem sido associada a melhores resultados de HBOT quando comparada a outras artérias. As velocidades sistólicas de pico (PSV) da artéria femoral comum (CFA) medidas antes e depois da HBOT foram analisadas como parte de um projeto de pesquisa da hemodinâmica da HBOT. Dezesseis pacientes com úlceras de perna, com idade 65 ± 11 (DP), 38-87 anos, realizaram HBOT com duração de 90 minutos a 2,6 ATA. As formas de onda de velocidade do Doppler CFA bilateral foram registradas imediatamente antes e depois da HBOT. Os dados de PSV ulcerado vs. não ulcerado foram comparados usando o teste t pareado. Pre HBOT CFA PSV não foi significativamente diferente nas extremidades ulceradas e não ulceradas: 114 ± 35 (DP) cm/s vs 116 ± 41 cm/s (p = 0,87 pelo teste t pareado). O PSV pós HbOT CFA na extremidade ulcerada aumentou para 122 ± 35 cm/s, mas não atingiu significância estatística (p = 0,19 pelo teste t pareado unicaudal). Em contraste, CFA PSV na extremidade não ulcerada diminuiu para 103 ± 28 cm/s (p = 0,049 pelo teste t pareado unicaudal). O pós-HbOT CFA PSV foi significativamente menor no membro não ulcerado, 103 ± 28 cm/s vs 122 ± 35 cm/s para o membro ulcerado (p = 0,02 pelo teste t pareado). As respostas da velocidade do sangue após HbOT mostraram diferenças entre as extremidades ulceradas e não ulceradas. Aparentemente, a extremidade não ulcerada respondeu mais significativamente à oxigenação do que a extremidade ulcerada. Tal observação sugere pesquisas adicionais sobre as reações hemodinâmicas decorrentes da HbOT.

La terapia de oxígeno hiperbárico (HbOT) asume que la hiperoxigenación a alta presión da como resultado una recuperación más rápida de los tejidos y una cicatrización de heridas. Las tasas de flujo de las extremidades inferiores se ven afectadas por úlceras en las piernas que alteran la vasodilatación, la resistencia de la microcirculación y las demandas de los tejidos locales; estos factores pueden verse influenciados por la hiperoxigenación de la sangre, de formas que aún no se han entendido con claridad. La enfermedad oclusiva arterial periférica femoral (PAOD) se ha relacionado con los mejores resultados de HbOT que otras arterias. Las velocidades sistólicas máximas (PSV) de la arteria femoral común (CFA) medidas antes y después de la HbOT se analizaron como parte de un proyecto para investigar la hemodinámica de la HbOT. Dieciséis pacientes con úlceras en pierna, 65 ± 11 (DE) (38-87) años, 12 hombres, 11 diabéticos, tenían HbOT de 90 minutos a 2,6 ATA. Se registraron formas de onda de velocidad de CFA Doppler bilaterales inmediatamente antes y después de la HbOT. Se compararon los datos de la velocidad sistólica máxima (PSV) ulcerada frente a la no ulcerada mediante la prueba t pareada. Pre HbOT CFA PSV no fue significativamente diferente en las extremidades ulceradas y no ulceradas: 114 ± 35 (DE) cm/s vs 116 ± 41 cm/s (p = 0,87 por prueba t pareada). Post HbOT CFA PSV en la extremidad ulcerada aumentó a 122 ± 35 cm/s pero no alcanzó significación estadística (p =.19 por prueba t unilateral pareada). En contraste, CFA PSV en la extremidad no ulcerada disminuyó a 103 ± 28 cm/s (p =.049 por prueba t unilateral pareada). El PSV después de la HbOT CFA fue significativamente menor en la extremidad no ulcerada, 103 ± 28 cm/s frente a 122 ± 35 cm/s para la extremidad ulcerada (p = 0,02 según la prueba t pareada). Las respuestas de velocidad sanguínea post HbOT mostraron diferencias entre las extremidades ulceradas y no ulceradas. Aparentemente, la extremidad no ulcerada respondió más significativamente a la oxigenación que la extremidad ulcerada. Tal observación sugiere una mayor investigación sobre las reacciones hemodinámicas debidas a la HbOT.

Multiscale fractal dimension applied to tactical analysis in football: A novel approach to evaluate the shapes of team organization on the pitch.

The aim of this study was to evaluate different shape descriptors applied to images of polygons that represent the organization of football teams on the pitch. The effectiveness of different shape descriptors (area/perimeter, fractal area, circularity, maximum fractal, rectangularity, multiscale fractal curve-MFC), and the concatenation of all shape descriptors (except MFC), denominated Alldescriptors (AllD)) was evaluated and applied to polygons corresponding to the shapes represented by the convex hull obtained from players' 2D coordinates. A content-based image retrieval system (CBIR) was applied for 25 users (mean age of 31.9 ± 8.4 years) to evaluate the relevant images. Measures of effectiveness were used to evaluate the shape descriptors (P@n and R@n). The MFD (P@5, 0.46±0.37 and P@10, 0.40±0.31, p < 0.001; R@5, 0.14±0.13 and R@10, 0.24±0.19, p < 0.001) and AllD (P@5 = 0.43±0.36 and P@10 = 0.39±0.32, p < 0.001; R@5 = 0.13±0.11 and R@10 = 0.24±0.20, p < 0.001) descriptors presented higher values of effectiveness. As a practical demonstration, the best evaluated shape descriptor (MFC) was applied for tactical analysis of an official match. K-means clustering technique was applied, and different shapes of organization could be identified throughout the match. The MFC was the most effective shape descriptor in relation to all others, making it possible to apply this descriptor in the analysis of professional football matches.

Football player dominant region determined by a novel model based on instantaneous kinematics variables.

Dominant regions are defined as regions of the pitch where a player can reach before any other and are commonly determined without considering the free-spaces in the pitch. We presented an approach to football players' dominant regions analysis, based on movement models created from players' positions, displacement, velocity, and acceleration vectors. 109 Brazilian male professional football players were analysed during official matches, computing over 15 million positional data obtained by video-based tracking system. Movement models were created based on players' instantaneous vectorial kinematics variables, then probabilities models and dominant regions were determined. Accuracy in determining dominant regions by the proposed model was tested for different time-lag windows. We calculated the areas of dominant, free-spaces, and Voronoi regions. Mean correct predictions of dominant region were 96.56%, 88.64%, and 72.31% for one, two, and three seconds, respectively. Dominant regions areas were lower than the ones computed by Voronoi, with median values of 73 and 171 m2, respectively. A median value of 5537 m2 was presented for free-space regions, representing a large part of the pitch. The proposed movement model proved to be more realistic, representing the match dynamics and can be a useful method to evaluate the players' tactical behaviours during matches.

Lateral Preference and Inter-limb Asymmetry in Completing Technical Tasks During Official Professional Futsal Matches: The Role of Playing Position and Opponent Quality.

This study had the purpose of analyzing dominant and non-dominant limb performances (frequency of use and accuracy) during match-play technical actions with ball possession (receiving, passing, and shooting a ball) in professional futsal and also check for the possible influence of playing position and the quality of opponent. We have analyzed data pertaining to eight matches of the FIFA Futsal World Cup Thailand 2012™ in which 76 male professional senior futsal players participated (44 right-footed and 32 left-footed). In total, we coded 5,856 actions (2,550 ball receptions, 3,076 passes, and 230 shoots). Our main findings were that (a) players used the dominant limb more frequently than the non-dominant limb for all actions considered [p < 0.001; effect size (ES) medium-to-large]; (b) accuracy was generally greater when using the dominant limb, regardless of the quality of opponent (p < 0.01; ES large); and (c) in shooting actions, pivots showed similar accuracy between dominant and non-dominant limbs (p = 0.51; ES small). The study suggested that when completing technical actions with the ball in futsal, high-level players depended to a greater extent on the use of their dominant lower limb during official matches. Excepting a similarity detected between limbs on shooting performance of pivots, players from all positional roles generally showed a higher accuracy rate in receiving, passing, and shooting a ball when using their dominant limb as compared to their non-dominant one during match-play and the limb usage and accuracy seemed to be independent of the quality of opponents.

Organisation of instep kicking in young U11 to U20 soccer players.

Aim: The main purpose of the study was to investigate kicking kinematics and performance in young-trained soccer players according to age, playing status, and biological maturity.Methods: Youth male soccer players (N = 105) from five age groups (under-11, under-13, under-15, under-17, and under-20) were evaluated. Four digital video cameras (300 Hz) captured the participants' lower extremity and ball kinematics during penalty kick trials using dominant limb.Results: It was possible to identify non-linear differences in angular joint kinematics (displacement and velocity) of hip, knee and ankle across age-groups. Kicked ball speed and lower extremity mechanical factors discriminated among under-15 players with distinct status (e.g., ball speed and foot-to-ball speed ratio: starters > non-starters and non-participating substitutes; effect size = 1.05 to 1.49 [large]). Estimated maturity offset was not correlated with performance outputs in any age-group (r = -0.28 to 0.39; P > 0.05).Conclusion: We conclude that from ages ~10 to 19 years, differences in kicking kinematics and performance vary across time in youth players. Transition phase between under-13 to under-15 appears the most sensible period for powerful instep kick performance development. Kicking speed in youth soccer is discriminated according to player status, but not estimated biological maturity.

Educação física escolar, tecnologias digitais e saúde: incursões exploratórias pela literatura / Physical education, digital technologies and health: exploratory for aysinto the literature / Educación física escolar, tecnologías digitales y salud: incursiones exploratorias a través de la literatura

Considerando a onipresença das tecnologias digitais atualmente e o massivo consumo destas por escolares, este estudo objetiva descrever e discutir os achados de uma revisão exploratória do conhecimento sobre a abordagem do tema saúde na Educação Física escolar que consideram os dispositivos/aplicativos tecnológicos. Trata-se de uma revisão não sistemática e investiga a literatura acadêmica da Educação Física considerando periódicos reconhecidamente relevantes que dialoguem diretamente com a educação. A busca centrou-se nos termos "escola", "tecnologia" e "saúde", sendo o diálogo na esfera escolar o principal critério de inclusão. Os achados apontam para 20 publicações que foram organizadas em categorias temáticas: a) tecnologia e suas implicações pedagógicas; b) monitoramento e uso de dados, um debate ético e; c) jogos digitais e tecnologias móveis. Destacam-se debates centrados em implicações pedagógicas de usos tecnológicos pelos professores, além de aspectos vinculados à exibição de si, quantificação de si e gamificação da vida pelos alunos.

Considering the ubiquity of digital technologies today and the massive consumption of these by schoolchildren, this study aims to describe and discuss the findings of an exploratory review of knowledge on the approach to health in school Physical Education that consider technological devices / applications. It is a non-systematic review and investigates the academic literature of Physical Education considering periodically relevant journals that dialogue directly with education. The search focused on the terms "school", "technology" and "health", with dialogue in the school sphere being the main inclusion criterion. The findings point to 20 publications that were organized into thematic categories: a) technology and its pedagogical implications; b) monitoring and use of data, an ethical debate and; c) digital games and mobile technologies. There are debates centered on the pedagogical implications of technological uses by teachers, in addition to aspects linked to self-display, self-quantification and gamification of life by students.

Considerando la ubicuidad de las tecnologías digitales actualmente y el consumo masivo por parte de jóvenes escolares, este estudio objetivo describe y discute los resultados de una revisión exploratoria del conocimiento sobre lo tema salud en la educación física escolar que considera los dispositivos/aplicaciones tecnológicas. Es una revisión no sistemática e investiga la literatura académica de Educación Física considerando publicaciones relevantes que dialogan directamente con la educación. La búsqueda se centró en los términos "escuela", "tecnología" y "salud", siendo el diálogo escolar el principal criterio inclusivo. Los hallazgos apuntan a 20 publicaciones que se organizaron en categorías: a) tecnología y sus implicaciones pedagógicas; b)monitoreo y uso de datos, un debate ético y; c)juegos digitales y tecnologías móviles. Hay debates centrados en las implicaciones pedagógicas de los usos tecnológicos de los docentes, además de los aspectos vinculados a la autoexposición, la auto cuantificación y la gamificación de la vida de los estudiantes.

Variability in tactical behavior of futsal teams from different categories.

The aim of the present study was to analyze the time series of team spread during futsal official matches in the frequency domain for different categories. Using an automatic tracking method, trajectories of 258 players (excluding goalkeepers) were obtained, composed of 79 players from the under-15 (U15) category, 86 from the under-18 (U18), and 93 from the professional. We calculated the team spread defined as the Euclidean norm of the distance-between-player vector as a function of time. We applied the Fast Fourier Transformation method and calculated the median frequency for each time series of spread. The results of mean ± SD of the median frequency of the time series of spread from the first to the second half were significantly different only for the U15 category (first half, 1.04 ± 0.46, second half 1.40 ± 0.34). The frequency values differed significantly between the categories. The younger categories presented a higher frequency of spread oscillation than the professional category, which reflects the dynamics of the game between attack and defense sequences. The results provide insights into the features of the sport and present a basis for appropriate training interventions for players in each category, planning for future transition to the following category.

Absence of right common carotid artery in a patient with common origin of the innominate artery and left common carotid artery.

A 50-year-old woman was referred to the noninvasive vascular laboratory for carotid artery evaluation because of a bruit in the neck. Color Doppler ultrasound examination demonstrated absence of the right common carotid artery and parallel internal and external carotid arteries originating at the brachiocephalic trunk. Computed tomography angiography further described anomalous anatomy, demonstrating a common origin of the innominate artery and left common carotid artery. Knowledge of such unusual anatomy may become valuable in future evaluation or treatment of this patient.

Exploring the determinants of success in different clusters of ball possession sequences in soccer.

The purpose of this study was two-step: (1) classify ball possession (BP) according to the duration and number of passes and (2) identify which tactical variables most discriminate the different BP. We obtained 527 BPs from four official matches of the Brazilian Soccer Championship 2016. Forty-one "notational", "space occupation", and "displacement synchronization" predictor variables were used. The BPs were classified into three groups: short (11.07 ± 4.49 s, 1.93 ± 0.99 passes), medium (26.83 ± 7.33 s, 5.41 ± 1.84 passes), long (55.50 ± 14.97 s, 12.11 ± 4.61 passes). Discriminant analysis identified the five most relevant variables to describe each group: coefficient of variation (CV) of the defensive team's synchronization-Y, CV defensive team´s synchronization-X, successful pass last third, CV distance between offensive team's centroid and target, mean of the offensive team's width. The approach highlights important variables and could benefit the description of offensive and defensive game sequences to provide precise knowledge on the process.

Use of ultrasound imaging software to differentiate venous and lymphatic edema in lower limbs.

BACKGROUND: Lower limb edema has both systemic and local causes. Using software to differentiate the origin of edema in ultrasound images is an innovation. OBJECTIVE: To determine the parameters for using software to differentiate edema of venous and/or lymphatic origin in ultrasound images of the lower limbs. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional, quantitative, analytical study with non-probabilistic sampling by convenience. Data were collected by patient interview, physical examination, ultrasound examination, and analysis of software for tissue characterization in ultrasound image by means of quantification of echogenicity and Gray Scale Median (GSM). RESULTS: The sample comprised 42 lower limbs with venous edema, 35 with lymphatic edema, 14 with mixed edema, and 11 control limbs. The distributions of pixels in echogenicity intervals by group was as follows. In the venous edema group, 88.31% were distributed from hypoechogenic interval IV to echogenic interval III; in the lymphatic edema group 71.73% were from hypoechogenic interval II to echogenic interval I; in the mixed edema group 76.17% were from hypoechogenic interval III to echogenic interval II; and in the control group 84.87% were distributed from echogenic interval II to hyperechogenic interval I. Mean and standard deviation of GSM values showed statistical differences between groups. CONCLUSION: The CATUS software enabled differentiation of the type of lower limb edema, facilitating diagnosis of edema type and, consequently, choice of the best therapeutic option.

Uso de software na imagem ultrassonográfica para diferenciação de edema de origem venosa e de origem linfática em membros inferiores / Use of ultrasound imaging software to differentiate venous and lymphatic edema in lower limbs

Resumo Contexto O edema de membros inferiores (MMII) possui causas de origem sistêmicas e locais. Uma inovação é a utilização de um software de caracterização tecidual para diferenciação da origem do edema em imagens de ultrassom. Objetivos Determinar os parâmetros do uso de software na imagem ultrassonográfica para diferenciação de edema de origem venosa e/ou linfática em MMII. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal do tipo quantitativo analítico com amostragem não probabilística por conveniência. Os instrumentos de coleta foram: anamnese, exame físico, exame de ultrassom e análise do software de caracterização tecidual por imagem ultrassonográfica por meio da quantificação da ecogenicidade e da mediana da escala de cinza (GSM). Resultados A amostra foi composta por 42 MMII de edema venoso, 35 de edema linfático, 14 de edema misto e 11 controle. Quanto à distribuição dos pixels nos intervalos de ecogenicidade, o grupo com edema venoso apresentou 88,31% entre o intervalo hipoecogênico IV ao ecogênico III; o grupo com edema linfático, 71,73% entre o intervalo hipoecogênico II ao ecogênico I; grupo com edema misto, 76,17% entre o intervalo hipoecogênico III ao ecogênico II; e o grupo controle, 84,87% entre o intervalo ecogênico II ao hiperecogênico I. A média e o desvio-padrão da GSM apresentaram diferença estatística entre os grupos. Conclusão O software CATUS permitiu a diferenciação do tipo de edema de MMII, facilitando o diagnóstico do tipo de edema e, consequentemente, a escolha da melhor opção terapêutica.

Abstract Background Lower limb edema has both systemic and local causes. Using software to differentiate the origin of edema in ultrasound images is an innovation. Objective To determine the parameters for using software to differentiate edema of venous and/or lymphatic origin in ultrasound images of the lower limbs. Method This is a cross-sectional, quantitative, analytical study with non-probabilistic sampling by convenience. Data were collected by patient interview, physical examination, ultrasound examination, and analysis of software for tissue characterization in ultrasound image by means of quantification of echogenicity and Gray Scale Median (GSM). Results The sample comprised 42 lower limbs with venous edema, 35 with lymphatic edema, 14 with mixed edema, and 11 control limbs. The distributions of pixels in echogenicity intervals by group was as follows. In the venous edema group, 88.31% were distributed from hypoechogenic interval IV to echogenic interval III; in the lymphatic edema group 71.73% were from hypoechogenic interval II to echogenic interval I; in the mixed edema group 76.17% were from hypoechogenic interval III to echogenic interval II; and in the control group 84.87% were distributed from echogenic interval II to hyperechogenic interval I. Mean and standard deviation of GSM values showed statistical differences between groups. Conclusion The CATUS software enabled differentiation of the type of lower limb edema, facilitating diagnosis of edema type and, consequently, choice of the best therapeutic option.

Calcium propionate increased milk parameters in Holstein cows

Background: In the early lactation, dairy cows go through a period of negative energy balance because they do not intakeenough food to supply the energetic demand of milk production. In this period, dairy cows are susceptible to metabolicdisorders, although has little evidence that milk production contribute to increase diseases occurrence. Some alternativesto minimize metabolic disorders, that reduce milk yield, has been suggested, as increase energy density in the diet of drycows 21 days before the parturition and include additives in the diet pre and post-partum. The aim of this study was tomeasure the productive parameters in dairy cows fed calcium salts as energetic source.Materials, Methods & Results: Two Latin square 4x4 were used, whereas one comprehended of early lactation cows andthe other of mid lactation cows. Animals of 2nd and 3rd parity were used only. Parity was distributed evenly among groups.The trial consisted of 4 groups with 4 treatments as follow: T1: 300 g of calcium acetate, T2: 200 g of calcium propionate,T3: 200 g of calcium salts of fatty acids, and T4: control without any calcium additive. The animals were milked twice aday, the first milking at 07:00 am and the second milking at 05:00 pm. Milk samples were collected in plastic containerswith potassium dichromate. These samples were sent to the Laboratory of Milk Analysis of the Paranaense Association ofBreeders of the Holstein Breed for analysis of fat, protein, lactose and total solids through the infrared method. Throughoutthe experimental period, the daily production of the animals under study was recorded. The production of milk (kg) wascorrected to 3.5% fat using the formula PLA 3.5% = (0.432 + kg milk) + (0.1623 x kg milk x fat content).Discussion: Greater supply of glucose or propionate stimulate milk protein production, but the mechanism of this stimulation is unclear...(AU)

Legislação de esporte e lazer no Rio Grande do Norte: rastros da política pública sobre o setor / Legislation of sports and leisure in Rio Grande do Norte: traces of public policy on the sector

Como parte da pesquisa "Cartografia das políticas públicas municipais de esporte e lazer no Rio Grande do Norte" o objetivo deste manuscrito é de consolidar uma visão do processo legislativo pelo qual o esporte e o lazer passaram ao longo dos últimos anos no Brasil e refletir sobre sua repercussão, direta ou indireta, no estado do Rio Grande do Norte e seus municípios adstritos, além de compreender a forma como os temas do esporte e do lazer se apresentam nos instrumentos legais declarados pelos gestores de esporte e lazer do estado. A pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa, se ocupa em analisar dados coletados por meio de questionário semiestruturado aplicado com 56 gestores municipais de esporte e lazer do Rio Grande do Norte, em um universo de 167. Os dados indicam uma estruturação tímida do quadro legislativo do esporte e do lazer no estado do Rio Grande do Norte e seus municípios adstritos ao passo que nos espelham a fragilidade de nosso momento de construção e consolidação de políticas (de estado e de governo) no campo do esporte e do lazer.

As part of the research "Cartography of municipal public sports and leisure policies at Rio Grande do Norte", the purpose of this manuscript is to consolidate a vision of the legislative process through which sport and leisure have passed over the last few years in Brazil and reflect on its repercussion, directly or indirectly, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte and its municipalities, as well as understanding the way sport and leisure themes are presented in the legal instruments declared by the state's sports and leisure managers. The descriptive research, with a qualitative approach, is concerned with analyzing data collected through a semi-structured questionnaire applied to 56 municipal and sport managers in Rio Grande do Norte, in a universe of 167. The data indicate a timid structure of the legislative framework of the sport and leisure in the state of Rio Grande do Norte and its municipalities, while reflecting the fragility of our moment of construction and consolidation of policies (state and government) in the field of sports and leisure.