ABSTRACT
Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia de una intervención educativa sobre hábitos de estilo de vida para reducir el índice de masa corporal en adolescentes. Pacientes y métodos: ensayo clínico de un año de seguimiento realizado en 48 centros de Atención Primaria de Cataluña. Participaron 174 adolescentes entre 10 y 14 años con sobrepeso u obesidad; 87 aleatorizados al grupo intervención y 87 al grupo control. La intervención fue de carácter educativo (hábitos alimentarios y de ejercicio físico) y se realizó en la visita inicial, y a los 1, 3, 6, 9 y 12 meses de seguimiento. Variables de resultados: cambios en hábitos alimentarios y ejercicio físico, cambios en el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y en el perímetro abdominal. Resultados: edad media 11,81 años (desviación estándar [DE]: 1,21) y 50% mujeres. Completaron el seguimiento 125 participantes (71,8%). Los Z-scores de IMC disminuyeron en ambos grupos (p < 0,001), de un valor medio inicial de 2,35 (DE: 0,46) a 2,06 (DE: 0,60). Los Z-scores de perímetro abdominal se redujeron en ambos grupos: en el grupo intervención de una media de 2,06 a 1,77, y en el grupo control de 2,06 a 1,82 (p < 0,001). La intervención educativa mejoró los hábitos alimentarios (aumento ingesta de fruta, disminución de dulces y de la ingesta de alimentos cuando se está aburrido). La actividad física disminuyó (p = 0,002). Conclusiones: la intervención educativa fue efectiva para reducir el IMC y el perímetro abdominal en ambos grupos. Hubo mejoría en los hábitos alimentarios, pero no en la práctica de ejercicio (AU)
Objective: to assess lifestyle habits and efficacy of a lifestyle intervention to reduce body mass index (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Life Style , Overweight/epidemiology , Overweight/prevention & control , Obesity/epidemiology , Obesity/prevention & control , Exercise/physiology , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Body Mass Index , Follow-Up Studies , Research/methods , Primary Health Care/methods , Primary Health Care/trendsABSTRACT
Up until November 30, 1990, 415 children born to HIV-positive mothers were followed in order to study the vertical transmission rate and the survival of those infected, as well as the associated risk factors. According to CDC criteria, 264 children could be considered definitely classified, with 82 classified as infected (transmission rate: 31.1%) and 182 as sero-negative. The remaining 151 infants were younger than 15 months and classified as PO. Ninety percent of the studied mothers were infected through either the use of intravenous drugs or by sexual intercourse with HIV infected partner. The loss-of-antibody median age was one year. The median for the incubation period was 285 days, with a significant bimodal distribution regarding the child's age at diagnosis. Although the median survival time was longer than the study period, the fatality rate was estimated to be 22.0% and the percentage of children reaching age 4, 27%.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections/congenital , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Female , HIV Infections/transmission , HIV Seropositivity , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Maternal-Fetal Exchange , Pregnancy , Risk Factors , Survival RateABSTRACT
The basic epidemiological characteristics of HIV infection and AIDS among children are described with a particular reference to HIV vertical transmission. The HIV transmission pattern identified in our community is described according to the WHO classification scheme. To describe the epidemic, as well as its temporal evolution, 1.933 cases reported to the population based registry of Catalonia and 287 seropositive children and their mothers are used. We have quantified the importance of intravenous drug usage by the parents in relationship to HIV transmission; 54.7% of the mothers of HIV positive children were intravenous drug users. We predict that during the coming years there will be a continuous increase in AIDS cases as a result of vertical transmission.
Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission , HIV Infections/transmission , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Adult , Female , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV Seropositivity/epidemiology , HIV Seropositivity/transmission , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Injections, Intravenous/adverse effects , Male , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications , Risk Factors , Spain/epidemiology , Substance-Related Disorders , United StatesABSTRACT
Two hundred and ninety three cases of children born of HIV positive mothers have been observed between January 1984 and June 1988 in Catalonia and Balearic Islands, with a ration of 9.5/10,000 newborns. Sex was not significant in the infected group. Most of the cases (68%) have been detected since 1987 and represent a significant increase in HIV positive children and thus of those who will present with clinical manifestations of this infection.
