ABSTRACT
In 1974 the Patterns of Care Study began a prospective nationwide survey of radiotherapeutic cancer care in the United States. Cancer of the uterine cervix was one of the diseases surveyed. Pretreatment evaluation data were collected from 170 randomly chosen radiation therapy facilities. The frequency of use of tests in workup varied substantially according, for example, to the severity of disease and the availability of tests. For carcinoma of the uterine cervix, we found that the following tests were used routinely: physical examination, including taking a history; complete blood cell count; serum chemistry analysis; chest roentgenogram; and intravenous pyelogram. Frequent but not routine tests included dilation and curettage and evaluation of the involvement of the bladder and rectum. Other test were used infrequently.
Subject(s)
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Dilatation and Curettage , Female , Humans , Physical Examination , Prospective Studies , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
Findings by xeromammography and clinical examination were compared in 16,000 self-selected women aged 45-64 who participated in a voluntary breast cancer screening program. A total of 138 malignancies were detected: 108 (78%) by mammography and 78 (57%) by clinical examination. Mammography was more effective for large breasts, fatty breasts, and in older women. Conversely, clinical examination was more effective for small breasts, dense breasts, and retroareolar lesions. Clinical detection decreased strikingly for lesions with negative lymph nodes, in situ and microinvasive lesions, deeply situated lesions, and lesions where microcalcifications were the sole mammographic finding.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Mammography , Mass Screening/methods , Xeromammography , Age Factors , Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/diagnostic imaging , Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Lymphatic Metastasis , Menopause , Middle Aged , PennsylvaniaABSTRACT
Breast cancer screening detected 139 biopsy-proved malignancies in 16,000 slef-selected women (8.7/1,000). In these, xeroradiography detected 78% (109), clinical examination 55% (76), and thermography 39% (54). In all 16,000 women, the thermogram was interpreted as positive in 17.9% (2,864). The greatest effectiveness of mammography vs. clinical examination was seen in detection of early breast cancers (small lesions with negative axillary lymph nodes). In this group, thermography was less effective than it was in patients with larger lesions and lymph node metastases.
