Erratum: Mesothelioma subtypes of the tunica vaginalis: a rare case report and review of histological criteria.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjz040.].

Longitudinal measurements of exhaled nitric oxide in children-what is a significant change in FE(NO) ?

BACKGROUND: The principle aim of this study was to describe the variability of exhaled nitric oxide (FE(NO)) concentrations over 10 months in children with and without asthma. METHODS: FE(NO) was measured on six occasions at 2-month intervals in a community-based cohort of children with and without asthma. RESULTS: There were 178 children recruited, 47 had asthma, mean age 9.6 yr. A total of 851 FE(NO) measurements were made. The change in FE(NO) values was positively associated with the initial FE(NO) concentration (p < 0.001) and duration between paired measurements (p = 0.016) but not asthma diagnosis; there was an interaction between initial FE(NO) and duration between measurements. As an approximate rule-of-thumb, a child's FE(NO) may rise by up to 100% of their current FE(NO) over 2 and 4 months, independent of asthma. CONCLUSIONS: Both the baseline FE(NO) and interval between repeated FE(NO) measurements are relevant to FE(NO) values, independent of asthma. These findings may be useful to clinical interpretation of FE(NO) results in children.

First- and second-trimester fetal size and asthma outcomes at age 10 years.

RATIONALE: Greater early fetal size is associated with reduced asthma risk and improved lung function in early childhood. OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that associations between early fetal size, asthma symptoms, and lung function persist into later childhood. METHODS: In a longitudinal study, first- and second-trimester fetal measurements were recorded. At 10 years of age a respiratory questionnaire was completed. Spirometry, bronchial challenge, and skin-prick testing were undertaken in a subset. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Fetal measurements were available in the first trimester for 853 individuals and the second trimester for 1,453. Questionnaires were returned for 927 children and 449 underwent detailed phenotyping. For each millimeter increase in first trimester size, asthma risk reduced by 6% (95% confidence interval[CI], 1­11) and FEV1 was higher by an average of 6 ml (95% CI, 1­11).First-trimester size was reduced in those with asthma at both 5 and 10 years compared with early or late onset wheeze (P , 0.02). Compared with persistent high growth in first and second trimesters,persistent low growth was associated with increased asthma risk(odds ratio, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.2­6.9) and a mean reduction in FEV1 of 103 ml (95% CI, 13­194), whereas increasing fetal size was associated with increased eczema risk (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2­5.3). CONCLUSIONS: Reduced fetal size from the first trimester is associated with increased risk for asthma and obstructed lung function in childhood. Relative change in size after the first trimester is associated with eczema.