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1.
Rehabilitación (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 56(4): 344-352, Oct-Dic. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-210847

ABSTRACT

Las instrucciones con foco atencional son estrategias verbales que podrían maximizar los efectos del ejercicio. El objetivo de esta revisión fue explorar y sintetizar la evidencia sobre la incorporación de instrucciones con foco atencional al ejercicio terapéutico de personas con trastornos musculoesqueléticos. Se realizó una búsqueda en 11 bases de datos hasta octubre de 2020. De 4.227 estudios identificados en las búsquedas, 15 fueron incluidos. Los estudios presentaron deficiencia en la conceptualización y definición de instrucciones con foco atencional. La evidencia disponible indica que el foco externo es efectivo para mejorar el aprendizaje motor y la función. Sin embargo, limitaciones metodológicas, la heterogeneidad clínica, el reducido número de artículos incluidos y los nuevos estudios experimentales desafían las conclusiones de las revisiones sistemáticas disponibles a la fecha. Las instrucciones con foco atencional en los trastornos musculoesqueléticos es un campo emergente y requiere más investigación. Esta revisión es una guía para futuros estudios.(AU)


Attentional focus instructions are verbal strategies that could maximize the effects of exercise. The objective of this review was to explore and synthesize the available evidence on the incorporation of attentional focus instruction in the exercise of people with musculoskeletal disorders. A search of 11 databases was carried out until October 2020. Of 4,227 studies identified in the searches, 15 were included. The studies showed deficiencies in the conceptualization and definition of attentional focus instructions. The available evidence indicates that external focus is effective in improving motor learning and function. However, methodological limitations, clinical heterogeneity, the small number of articles included, and new experimental studies challenge the conclusions of the systematic reviews available to date. Attentional focus instructions in musculoskeletal disorders is an emerging field and requires further research. This review is a guide for future studies.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Exercise Therapy , Musculoskeletal Development , Musculoskeletal Pain , Musculoskeletal System , Musculoskeletal Diseases , Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine , Rehabilitation , Databases, Bibliographic
2.
Rehabilitacion (Madr) ; 56(4): 344-352, 2022.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35469643

ABSTRACT

Attentional focus instructions are verbal strategies that could maximize the effects of exercise. The objective of this review was to explore and synthesize the available evidence on the incorporation of attentional focus instruction in the exercise of people with musculoskeletal disorders. A search of 11 databases was carried out until October 2020. Of 4,227 studies identified in the searches, 15 were included. The studies showed deficiencies in the conceptualization and definition of attentional focus instructions. The available evidence indicates that external focus is effective in improving motor learning and function. However, methodological limitations, clinical heterogeneity, the small number of articles included, and new experimental studies challenge the conclusions of the systematic reviews available to date. Attentional focus instructions in musculoskeletal disorders is an emerging field and requires further research. This review is a guide for future studies.


Subject(s)
Attention , Musculoskeletal Diseases , Exercise , Exercise Therapy , Humans , Musculoskeletal Diseases/therapy
3.
Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor ; 28(4): 194-210, Juli-Agos. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-227833

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La evidencia actual sugiere como primera línea de tratamiento para personas con fibromialgia al manejo no farmacológico. Sin embargo, revisiones con énfasis en la aplicabilidad clínica son escasas. Objetivo: Describir recomendaciones clínicas basadas en evidencia para la rehabilitación de personas con fibromialgia. Métodos: Se realizaron búsquedas electrónicas en las bases de datos Medline, Web of Science y Scielo para cada uno de los apartados de esta revisión. Diferentes estrategias de búsqueda fueron realizadas con la combinación de términos MESH y claves. Se incluyeron estudios primarios y secundarios publicados en inglés o español en revistas revisadas por pares. Resultados: Los profesionales de la salud deben conocer aspectos teóricos contemporáneos del dolor crónico y de la fibromialgia con el fin de evitar el sobrediagnóstico, la estigmatización y la persistencia de los síntomas por instrucción profesional. Una evaluación clínica multidimensional en un contexto positivo, con énfasis en la construcción de alianza terapéutica, facilita la toma de decisiones compartidas y la selección de estrategias de intervención. La educación es el punto de inicio de la rehabilitación y su combinación con terapia psicológica, facilita el afrontamiento activo y la adherencia terapéutica. La actividad física y el ejercicio regular son las intervenciones no farmacológicas con mayor evidencia para mejorar el dolor, discapacidad, calidad de vida, función física, fatiga, fuerza muscular, rigidez, sueño y el estado de ánimo en personas con fibromialgia.Conclusión:Los abordajes no farmacológicos son prometedores en el manejo de la fibromialgia. Esta revisión aporta recomendaciones prácticas para la implementación clínica por equipos de salud interdisciplinarios.(AU)


Introduction: Current evidence suggests non-pharmacological management as the first line of treatment for people with fibromyalgia. However, reviews with an emphasis on clinical applicability are rare. Objective: To describe evidence-based clinical reco­mmendations for the rehabilitation of people with Fibromyalgia. Methods: Medline, Web of Science and, Scielo databases were electronically searched for each of the sections of this review. Different search strategies were carried out with the combination of MESH terms and keywords. Primary and secondary studies published in English or Spanish in peer-reviewed journals were included. Results: Health professionals must know contemporary theoretical aspects of chronic pain and fibromyalgia to avoid overdiagnosis, stigmatization, and persistence of symptoms by professional instruction. A multidimensional clinical assessment with objective and subjective evaluations in a positive context with an emphasis on the construction of a therapeutic alliance facilitates shared decision-making and the selection of successful intervention strategies. Education is the starting point of rehabilitation and its combination with psycholo­gical therapy, facilitates active coping and therapeutic adherence. Physical activity and regular exercise are the most evidenced non-pharmacological interventions for improving pain, disability, quality of life, physical function, fatigue, muscle strength, stiffness, sleep, and mood in people with fibromyalgia.Conclusion:Non-pharmacological approaches are promising in the management of fibromyalgia. This review provides practical recommendations for clinical implementation by interdisciplinary health teams.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Fibromyalgia/rehabilitation , Pain Management/methods , Chronic Pain , Health Education , Exercise , Fibromyalgia/therapy , Surveys and Questionnaires , Patient Care Team , Pain Clinics
4.
Rehabilitación (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 54(2): 116-127, abr.-jun. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-196649

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Analizar la evidencia sobre los efectos del entrenamiento con restricción parcial del flujo sanguíneo en personas con enfermedades cardiovasculares. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos de MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, LILACS, SCOPUS y Wiley. Fueron incluidos estudios experimentales y no experimentales que investigaron sobre los efectos de la restricción parcial del flujo sanguíneo en sujetos con enfermedad cardiovascular. RESULTADOS: Seis ensayos clínicos y tres estudios no experimentales cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Los estudios experimentales fueron realizados en sujetos con hipertensión arterial y enfermedad isquémica del corazón. Los estudios no experimentales describieron las adaptaciones hemodinámicas y los potenciales efectos secundarios de la terapia. El riesgo de sesgo de los ensayos clínicos incluidos fue de moderado a alto. El estrés hemodinámico inducido por el ejercicio aumenta significativamente durante el entrenamiento con restricción parcial del flujo sanguíneo en comparación al entrenamiento tradicional. La limitada cantidad de estudios disponibles se han centrado mayoritariamente en los efectos agudos, sin embargo, los efectos crónicos son desconocidos. CONCLUSIÓN: Actualmente no hay evidencia que recomiende el uso de la restricción parcial del flujo sanguíneo en personas con enfermedades cardiovasculares


OBJECTIVE: To analyse the evidence on the effects of blood flow restriction training in people with cardiovascular disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, LILACS, SCOPUS and Wiley databases. Experimental and non-experimental studies investigating the effects of blood flow restriction in participants with cardiovascular disease were included. RESULTS: Six clinical trials and three non-experimental studies met the inclusion criteria. The experimental studies were conducted in participants with hypertension and ischaemic heart disease. Non-experimental studies described hemodynamic adaptations and potential adverse effects of therapy. The risk of bias of the included clinical trials was moderate to high. Exercise-induced hemodynamic stress increased significantly during training with blood flow restriction compared with traditional training. The small number of available studies have focused mostly on acute effects, but chronic effects are unknown. CONCLUSION: There is currently no evidence to recommend the use of blood flow restriction in people with cardiovascular disease


Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiac Rehabilitation/methods , Cardiovascular Diseases/therapy , Exercise Movement Techniques/methods , Therapeutic Occlusion/methods , Blood Flow Velocity , Physical Therapy Modalities , Resistance Training/methods
5.
Rehabilitacion (Madr) ; 54(2): 116-127, 2020.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32370826

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the evidence on the effects of blood flow restriction training in people with cardiovascular disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, LILACS, SCOPUS and Wiley databases. Experimental and non-experimental studies investigating the effects of blood flow restriction in participants with cardiovascular disease were included. RESULTS: Six clinical trials and three non-experimental studies met the inclusion criteria. The experimental studies were conducted in participants with hypertension and ischaemic heart disease. Non-experimental studies described hemodynamic adaptations and potential adverse effects of therapy. The risk of bias of the included clinical trials was moderate to high. Exercise-induced hemodynamic stress increased significantly during training with blood flow restriction compared with traditional training. The small number of available studies have focused mostly on acute effects, but chronic effects are unknown. CONCLUSION: There is currently no evidence to recommend the use of blood flow restriction in people with cardiovascular disease.


Subject(s)
Cardiac Rehabilitation/methods , Resistance Training/methods , Tourniquets , Bias , Cardiovascular Diseases/therapy , Clinical Trials as Topic , Coronary Artery Disease/rehabilitation , Exercise Therapy , Female , Humans , Hypertension/rehabilitation , Lower Extremity , Male , Manometry , Middle Aged , Oxygen Consumption , Pressure , Regional Blood Flow , Resistance Training/instrumentation
6.
Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor ; 26(1): 44-51, ene.-feb. 2019.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-182834

ABSTRACT

El dolor musculoesquelético es un problema sanitario que afecta aproximadamente a un 33 % de la población adulta, del cual un 56 % corresponde a personas adultas mayores y un 35 % a personas en edad laboral. Algunas investigaciones epidemiológicas han demostrado que existen ciertos grupos de personas dentro de la población más propensos a desarrollar dolor crónico musculoesquelético; estos estudios han permitido identificar diferentes debilidades y necesidades en las intervenciones de los profesionales de la salud en esta problemática. Los datos han demostrado que la prevalencia del dolor es mayor en mujeres, personas fumadoras, con educación incompleta, con riesgo psicológico o social, de esta manera la evidencia le ha quitado la atención a la nocicepción de las estructuras corporales como único factor causal de dolor musculoesquelético. Esto ha obligado a los investigadores a explorar la influencia de los factores psicosociales en la experiencia de dolor musculoesquelético, considerar la integración de diversos factores y mecanismos para provocar explicar el desarrollo de la experiencia dolorosa. La presente revisión tiene como objetivo describir los factores psicosociales que influyen en la experiencia de dolor musculoesquelético para relacionarlos con los modelos neurocientíficos contemporáneos


Musculoskeletal pain is a health problem that affects approximately 33 % of the adult population, of which 56 % corresponds to elderly people and 35% to people of working age. Some epidemiological investigations have shown that there are certain groups of people within the population most likely to develop chronic musculoskeletal pain, these studies have allowed to identify different weaknesses and needs in the interventions of health professionals in this problem. The data have shown that the prevalence of pain is higher in women, smokers, with incomplete education, with psychological or social risk, in this way the evidence has removed attention to the nociception of body structures as the only causal factor of pain musculoskeletal This has forced researchers to explore the influence of psychosocial factors in the experience of musculoskeletal pain, consider the integration of various factors and mechanisms to explain the development of the painful experience. The objective of this review is to describe the psychosocial factors that influence the experience of musculoskeletal pain in order to relate them to contemporary neuroscientific models


Subject(s)
Humans , Musculoskeletal Pain/complications , Chronic Pain/psychology , Psychosocial Deprivation , Catastrophization/psychology , Neuroticism , Musculoskeletal Pain/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Social Determinants of Health
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