Prevalence of antibodies to IBR and BVD viruses in dairy cows with reproductive disorders.

We determined the prevalence of antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in sera of dairy cows on 4 different farms in the Republic of Croatia. A high percentage (60.8%) of cows had various reproductive disorders. The results showed that seroprevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) was 85.8% and that of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) was 79.2% in tested cows. Antibodies to both viruses were found in 80.8% of cows with reproductive disorders but in only 46.8% of cows without reproductive disorders. This difference was statistically significant (P<0.01), and indicated a connection between reproductive disorders and simultaneous infections with IBR and BVD viruses in dairy cows.

[Pathophysiologic mechanisms of functional disorders of the cardiorespiratory system in snoring]. / Patofizioloski mehanizam poremecaja funkcije kardiorespiratornog sistema pri fenomenu hrkanja.

Disturbances in the function of cardio-respiratory system due to nasal obstruction, accompanied by snoring, are described. Obstructions to other levels, oropharynx, pharynx and larynx, also inducing such disturbances are mentioned, with particular reference to snoring which may lead to the development of apnea during sleep. The need of a multidisciplinary approach to such patients is underlined, with a very specific role of the otorhinolaryngologist, especially when obstruction of the nose has caused such a disturbance. The act of snoring can be eliminated or diminished, and the development of obstructive apnea during sleep prevented or interrupted by accurate indications for and properly performed reconstructive surgery of the nose.

Temporary artificial obstruction of the nose and changes in gas exchange in the blood.

A group of 31 subjects were subjected to complete artificial obstruction of the nose for a period of one hour. Their ages ranged from 14 to 16 years. Prior to the experiment the subjects were found to be healthy. During the nasal obstruction there was a fall in pO2 and an increase in pCO2 due to the hindered ventilation.

Comparison of the gas quantities in the blood of patients with nasal packing for epistaxis, after nasal surgery and experimentally.

The authors examined blood pO2 and pCO2 in patients whose noses had been tamponaded because of epistaxis, nasal surgery and in animals whose noses had been artificially obstructed. A marked fall of pO2 and an increase of pCO2 were found as well as certain differences of the gas quantities between the first and second groups of patients. For this phenomenon an explanation is given.

Microscopic and ultramicroscopic alterations of the respiratory mucous membrane in experimentally provoked bronchitis.

The noses of four experimental dogs were surgically obstructed, and thus their entire respiration was disturbed, and this affected the mucous membranes of the lower respiratory passages. Normal histological examinations and electronic microscopy found chronic irritation of the bronchial mucous membranes. It was possible histologically to follow the most subtile alterations on the membranes from the very beginning of the chronic bronchitis. The importance of nasal obstruction as a contributing factor of chronic bronchitis is stressed.

Disordered gas exchange in the blood caused by nasal tamponade.

The authors have examined the pH, the pCO2, the pO2, and the oxygen saturation of the blood of patients upon whom endonasal surgery followed by tamponing of the nose had been performed. The gas values were examined on the second postoperative day and two days after the tampons had been removed. It was found that the blood pH remained within normal limits, whereas during the acute obstruction the pO2 values were diminished, the pCO2 values were increased, and the oxygen saturation of the blood was noticeably diminished. The authors recommend carefulness if the noses of patients with cardiorespiratory insufficiency are to be tamponed.