ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Depression and co-morbid substance abuse disorders are a major public health problem. Information is limited for patients attending Polish primary care clinics. This article addresses 30-day and lifetime prevalence of major depression in a heavy drinking population from 12 Polish primary care clinics. METHOD: 277 heavy drinkers were interviewed by a researcher in each clinic. Heavy drinking was defined as more than 20 drinks per week for males, or more than 13 drinks per week for females, or consumption of more than four drinks five or more times in the previous 30 days, or two or more positive replies to the CAGE questions. Criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual were used to assess lifetime and past 30-day depression. RESULTS: 35% of women and men met criteria for depression in the 30 days prior to the interview. Lifetime rates were 45% for women and 52% for men. Men and women with a CAGE score of 4 were at higher risk for both 30-day (67%, OR = 3.85 [1.47, 10.08]) and lifetime (78%, OR = 3.28 [1.12, 9.66]) depression. Recreational drug users and patients reporting symptoms of anti-social personality disorders were at increased risk for lifetime depression. Subjects reporting symptoms of a childhood conduct disorder were at higher risk for 30-day depression. CONCLUSIONS: Depression among patients with substance abuse problems is a common problem. The rates are higher than for other countries and highlight the need for Polish primary care clinicians to routinely screen for depression in patients with substance use disorders.
Subject(s)
Alcoholism/epidemiology , Depressive Disorder/epidemiology , Ethnicity/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Alcoholism/diagnosis , Alcoholism/rehabilitation , Antisocial Personality Disorder/diagnosis , Antisocial Personality Disorder/epidemiology , Antisocial Personality Disorder/rehabilitation , Child , Child Behavior Disorders/diagnosis , Child Behavior Disorders/epidemiology , Child Behavior Disorders/psychology , Comorbidity , Counseling , Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Depressive Disorder/rehabilitation , Ethnicity/statistics & numerical data , Female , Humans , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Personality Assessment/statistics & numerical data , Poland/ethnology , Primary Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Psychometrics/statistics & numerical data , Risk Assessment , Smoking/epidemiology , Smoking/psychology , Smoking Prevention , Statistics as Topic , Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Substance-Related Disorders/rehabilitation , WisconsinABSTRACT
AIM: The aim of this research is to compare some personality factors like self-perception and perception of an ideal partner in two groups of schizophrenic patients. The first group is people ill with schizophrenia who have been married for at least a year and the other group is unmarried people ill with schizophrenia who were not previously married or in a relationship for longer than a year. METHOD: In this study, using The Adjective Check List--ACL by H.G. Gough and A.B. Heilbrun (Polish translation by M. Matkowski), has been used as an instrument for evaluation self-perception and perception of an ideal partner. RESULTS: Results of the research corroborate differences between chosen personal dimensions in compared groups of people ill with schizophrenia. There were statistically substantial differences in some scales of ACL between the married and unmarried schizophrenic patients. The married patients were characterized by a larger number of positive adjectives chosen, higher results in the scales of: FAV--Favourite, NUR--Nursing, HET--Heterosexuality, CHA--Change, CPS--Creative personality, UGD--Amicability; and lower results in the scales of: CRS--Care support. Perception of an ideal partner differentiated the groups in a lower degree. Two scales proved to be statistically substantial: NUR--Nursing, CHA--Change. The married patients were substantially weaker in displaying such needs towards their ideal partners. CONCLUSIONS: What differs the group of married people ill with schizophrenia from unmarried people ill with schizophrenia is mainly personality features connected with the need to initiate and keep up interpersonal contacts. The married patients want such relationships, are more prone to compromise and do something for others and are less afraid of changes. They also have lower expectations of their ideal partners as to the care of others. They do not expect their ideal partners to be ready to change as much as unmarried patients.
Subject(s)
Codependency, Psychological , Interpersonal Relations , Marriage , Personality , Schizophrenia , Schizophrenic Psychology , Spouses/psychology , Adaptation, Psychological , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Poland , Surveys and Questionnaires , Time FactorsABSTRACT
La Oficina Regional para Europa de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en Copenague estableció un grupo de trabajo sobre evaluación en Salud Mental formado por expertos en Psiquiatría, los cuales, junto con los centros colaboradores de la OMS, prestan asistencia a una red Europea de Salud Mental constituido por 47 representantes nacionales para la Salud Mental nombrados por los diferentes ministerios. Este artículo discute las evaluaciones que se han hecho en siete estados de la Europa del Este y del Sureste durante los tres años de vida del grupo de trabajo. La mayoría de los instrumentos de evaluación que se utilizan en la actualidad exigen estudios de campo largos y costosos, que rara vez son posibles en el contexto de este tipo de evaluación. En el futuro se deberá hacer un esfuerzo considerable para consensuar procedimientos simples y fiables para evaluar estos parámetros y controlar la evolución. Por lo general, las evaluaciones descritas aumentaron el interés y la sensibilidad por las cuestiones de Salud mental, colocando de esta manera estas cuestiones en el centro de la política en la mayoría de los países concernidos (AU)
