ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Food allergy is an abnormal response of the immunological system, especially of mucosal immunological system on antigens supplied per os. There are very complicated and still unexplained immunological mechanisms, which lead to hypersensitivity reaction. Most often food hypersensitivity is identified as the effect of atopy, which is connected with humoral response (specific IgE antibody). On the other hand cell immunological response are less investigated, however they can be very important, especially as a significant factor to initiate pathological allergic processes. AIM: To investigate, the usefulness of flow cytometry for estimation of specific sensitization of subpopulation of lymphocytes on food allergens in the allergy diagnosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The investigations were performed on 60 children from 6 months to 5 years old: 20 children with CM A IgE dependent, 20 with CM A IgE independent and 20 healthy children. IgE total, sIgE, IgG, IgA, IgM, basic immunological panel, CD 23, CD25, CD26, CD30, CD69, PCNA were measured. RESULTS: We noticed decrease of expression of CD4+CD30+ between I and II examination (p=0.029), between I and III (p=0.009); decrease of expression of CD8+CD26+ between I and III test (p=0.038); decrease of expression of CD19+CD23+ between I and II examination (p=0.012) in I type of hypersensitivity. We observed a decrease of expression of CD4+CD25+ between I and III examine (p=0.026) and decrease of expression of CD4+ CD26+ between I and III examination (p=0.036) in IV type of hypersensitivity. Expression of CD69 was decreased after diet in IgE dependent allergy. Values of expression of PCNA are similar in I and IV type of hypersensitivity in children with CM A. Decrease of expression of PCNA in II examination was observed in both cases. Reintroduced allergen caused increase of expression of PCNA in both types of allergy (p=0.048 and p=0.041). CONCLUSIONS: Our recent research confirms changes of the expression of T lymphocytes activation markers. It is connected with in vivo stimulation to allergen or with allergen elimination. The study of expression of activation markers using flow cytometry in food allergy in children can be helpful in observation of the dynamic progress process, but it cannot be used as a single diagnosis test.
Subject(s)
Antigens, CD/immunology , Milk Hypersensitivity/immunology , Milk/adverse effects , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Animals , Antigens, CD/biosynthesis , Biomarkers , Case-Control Studies , Child, Preschool , Female , Flow Cytometry , Gene Expression , Humans , Immunoglobulin E/blood , Infant , Male , Milk/immunology , Milk Hypersensitivity/blood , Milk Hypersensitivity/diagnosisABSTRACT
Many studies in vitro and in vivo have shown immunomodulating and antiviral activities of inosine pranobex. The object of this research was to examine the potential beneficial effects of inosine pranobex (Groprinosin) on immune system in children with cellular immunodeficiency as a prophylaxis of recurrent infections, mainly of viral origin. 50 mg/kg b.w/day of inosine pranobex in divided doses was given to the group of 30 children aged 3-15 years for 10 days in 3 following months. Clinical and immunological investigations were done before and after the treatment. Statistically significant rise of CD3T lymphocytes number (p = 0.02) and in this CD4T lymphocytes number (p = 0.02) as well as statistically significant improvement of their function (p = 0.005) evaluated with blastic transformation method were found. These laboratory findings were parallel to clinical benefits. Control study was performed in the group of children completed by randomization and treated in the same way with garlic (Alliofil).
Subject(s)
Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Inosine Pranobex/therapeutic use , T-Lymphocytes/drug effects , Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage , Adolescent , Allium , Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage , CD3 Complex/drug effects , CD4 Antigens/drug effects , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Inosine Pranobex/administration & dosage , Male , Plant Preparations/therapeutic use , Treatment Outcome , Virus Diseases/drug therapyABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: The recognition of allergy in children with hypoimmunoglobulinemia is very difficult because they have very low level or even lack of specific IgE antibodies. Our research hypothesis was the possibility of detecting the specific sensitization of lymphocytes T to food allergens in children with hypoimmunoglobulinemia and with clinical symptoms of allergy. MATERIAL: 32 children actually treated in our Immunology Outpatients Department due to immunodeficiency connected with hypoimmunoglobulinemia and with clinical suspicion of allergy. METHODS: IgE concentration in serum and IgE specific antibodies to food and pollens were examined by FEIA CAP-SYSTEM. Lymphocyte specific response to allergens (cow's milk, gluten) was examined by classical blast transformation test. Immunological profile of children was also evaluated. RESULTS: In the group of 32 children we recognised: 20 children with predominantly antibody deficiencies (2 - agammaglobulinemia; 8 - CVID; 5 - selective immunoglobulins deficiency; 5 - hypoimmunoglobulinemia of infants) and 12 children who had combined immunodeficiency with hypoimmunoglobulinemia ( 3 - AT; 8 - Nijmegen S; 1 - Di George). The children had atopic dermatitis and clinical symptoms of allergy in respiratory and digestive tracts. Concentration of IgE in serum of children was very low, even < 2KU/L, Pediatric Phadiatop was negative, f2 and f79 were absent. Using lymphocytes transformation test (culture stimulated with cow's milk and gluten antigens) we detected sensitivity to cow's milk in 24 children and additionally in 4 of them sensitivity to gluten. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Laboratory difficulties in allergy diagnosis in children with hypoimmunoglobulinemia by evaluation of specific IgE concentration in serum may by caused by defect in biosynthesis of mentioned antibodies. 2) In children with hypoimmunoglobulinemia the lymphocyte blastic transformation test with specific allergens in cultures has a diagnostic value indicating lymphocytes specific response to allergens.
Subject(s)
Dysgammaglobulinemia/immunology , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/immunology , Immunoglobulin E/deficiency , Adolescent , Allergens/immunology , Antibody Specificity , Child , Diagnosis, Differential , Dysgammaglobulinemia/blood , Female , Humans , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/diagnosis , Immunoglobulin E/blood , Lymphocyte Activation , Male , Poland , Risk Factors , Seroepidemiologic StudiesABSTRACT
The rules and own authors experience according preventive and curative using of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) in children with primary cellular immunodeficiency is presented.
