ABSTRACT
Fetal hepatocytes have a high regenerative capacity. The aim of the study was to assess treatment safety and clinical efficacy of human fetal liver cell transplantation through splenic artery infusion. Patients with end-stage chronic liver disease on the waiting list for liver transplantation were enrolled. A retrospectively selected contemporary matched-pair group served as control. Nonsorted raw fetal liver cell preparations were isolated from therapeutically aborted fetuses. The end points of the study were safety and improvement of the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) and Child-Pugh scores. Nine patients received a total of 13 intrasplenic infusions and were compared with 16 patients on standard therapy. There were no side effects related to the infusion procedure. At the end of follow-up, the MELD score (mean ± SD) in the treatment group remained stable from baseline (16.0 ± 2.9) to the last observation (15.7 ± 3.8), while it increased in the control group from 15.3 ± 2.5 to 19 ± 5.7 (p = 0.0437). The Child-Pugh score (mean ± SD) dropped from 10.1 ± 1.5 to 9.1 ± 1.4 in the treatment group and increased from 10.0 ± 1.2 to 11.1 ± 1.6 in the control group (p = 0.0076). All treated patients with history of recurrent portosystemic encephalopathy (PSE) had no further episodes during 1-year follow-up. No improvement was observed in the control group patients with PSE at study inclusion. Treatment was considered a failure in six of the nine patients (three deaths not liver related, one liver transplant, two MELD score increases) compared with 14 of the 16 patients in the control group (six deaths, five of which were caused by liver failure, four liver transplants, and four MELD score increases). Intrasplenic fetal liver cell infusion is a safe and well-tolerated procedure in patients with end-stage chronic liver disease. A positive effect on clinical scores and on encephalopathy emerged from this preliminary study.
Subject(s)
Liver Cirrhosis/surgery , Liver Transplantation , Adult , Aged , Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism , Case-Control Studies , Female , Fetal Tissue Transplantation , Fetus/metabolism , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Keratin-18/metabolism , Liver/metabolism , Liver/pathology , Liver Cirrhosis/pathology , Male , Microscopy, Fluorescence , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Waiting Lists , alpha-Fetoproteins/metabolismABSTRACT
Introducción. El cáncer de mama es el segundo cáncer más común y una importante causa de muerte entre las mujeres. Uno de los pilares para su tratamiento es la determinación del estadio de los ganglios axilares mediante el vaciamiento axilar completo. Este procedimiento conlleva gran morbilidad, la cual ha disminuido considerablemente con la implementación de la técnica del ganglio centinela. Objetivo. Describir los resultados obtenidos con la técnica del ganglio centinela en la cirugía de cáncer de mama en un centro especializado en patología de mama de Medellín. Metodología. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 164 pacientes con cáncer de mama en estadio temprano. Se creó una base de datos en Microsoft Office Excel®, y se procesó con el programa estadístico SPSS®, versión 13. Resultados. El 86% de las pacientes tenía ganglio centinela negativo en la impronta y 82,3% en la patología final. El 4,3% fueron falsos negativos, y 3,5% correspondió a micrometástasis. No hubo falsos positivos. El 17% requirió vaciamiento axilar; de éstos, 78% no presentó evidencia patológica de compromiso residual. El informe más común de histología fue carcinoma ductal con infiltración, el cual, también, presentó el mayor porcentaje de ganglio centinela positivo (78,3%). De los ganglios centinela positivos en la patología final, 90% presentaron tumores positivos para receptores de estrógenos y de progesterona. Conclusión. La técnica del ganglio centinela es una buena alternativa para el manejo de cáncer temprano de mama, ya que evita intervenciones quirúrgicas que conllevan a mayor morbimortalidad de las pacientes. Con el resultado negativo se puede afirmar con bastante certeza que no hay otros ganglios afectados.
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer and an important cause of mortality in the female population. A key component of breast cancer therapy is the staging of regional lymph nodes via complete axillary lymph node dissection, which carries substantial morbidity. Nevertheless morbidity has significantly been reduced by implementing the technique of the sentinel lymph node biopsy. Objective: Description of results obtained with the technique of sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer surgery in a breast pathology center in Medellín, Colombia. Methods: Retrospective study in which the medical records of 164 patients with early stage breast cancer were review and placed in a data base on Microsoft Office Excel® and statistically analyzed with the program SPSS 13®. Results: 86% of patients were sentinel lymph node negative on imprint and 82.3% on final pathology; 4.3% were false negative (3.5% due to micro-metastasis) and no false positive results were found. 17% of patients required complete axillary lymph node dissection of which 78% had no evidence of disease on final pathology. The most frequently found histological type was the Infiltrating ductal carcinoma, which also had the most sentinel lymph node positive pathology results (78.3%). 90% of patients with positive sentinel lymph nodes were also positive for estrogen and progesterone receptors. Conclusion: sentinel lymph node biopsy is a good alternative for the management of early staged breast cancer given that it prevents patients from invasive surgery that carries substantial morbidity and mortality. A negative sentinel lymph node gives the physician security that there arent other lymph nodes involved.
Subject(s)
Humans , Breast Neoplasms , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast , Lymph Node Excision , Sentinel Lymph Node BiopsyABSTRACT
The intermediate filament (IF) proteins Styela C and Styela D from the tunicate Styela (Urochordata) are co-expressed in all epidermal cells and they are thought to behave as type I and type II keratins. These two IF proteins, Styela C and Styela D, were identified in immunoblots of proteins isolated from the tunic of Styela plicata. The occurrence and distribution of these proteins within the tunic of this ascidian was examined by means of immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques, using anti-Styela C and anti-Styela D antibodies. In addition, immuno-electron microscopy of the tunic showed that the two proteins are located in the cuticle layer and in the tunic matrix. These results represent the first data about the presence of IF proteins in the tunic of adult ascidian S. plicata. The possible involvement of these IF proteins in reinforcing the integrity of the tunic, that represents the interface between the animal body and the external environment, is discussed.
