Subject(s)
Buffaloes/microbiology , Leptospirosis/veterinary , Agglutination Tests/veterinary , Animals , Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis , Antigens, Bacterial/immunology , Blood/microbiology , Buffaloes/blood , Buffaloes/urine , Female , Italy/epidemiology , Leptospira/classification , Leptospira/immunology , Leptospira/isolation & purification , Leptospirosis/epidemiology , Leptospirosis/immunology , Male , Prevalence , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Serotyping/veterinary , Urine/microbiologyABSTRACT
It is a general rule that percutaneous absorption is increased when the site of application is occluded. In this study we compared the in vitro permeation profiles of two molecules with different physicochemical properties under occluded versus unoccluded conditions. Human abdominal skin samples were mounted on Dianorm Teflon macro 1 cells and Franz diffusion cells which represented occluded or unoccluded conditions, respectively. Our data show that occlusion increased the permeation of citropten (lipophilic compound) 1.6 times whereas that of caffeine (amphiphilic compound) remained unchanged. This lack of penetration enhancement under occluded conditions has also been observed by other authors, especially concerning hydrophilic and slightly lipophilic molecules. Our results support the view that occlusion does not necessarily increase the percutaneous absorption of a chemical.
Subject(s)
Skin Absorption/physiology , Skin Physiological Phenomena , Caffeine/chemistry , Caffeine/pharmacokinetics , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry, Physical , Coumarins/chemistry , Coumarins/pharmacokinetics , Diffusion , Female , Humans , In Vitro Techniques , Middle Aged , SolubilityABSTRACT
The AA. have studied the behaviour of LP-X in fifty cases of viral hepatitis printing out a positivity in 32% of the examined cases, with a positivity of the Au-antigen in the 34% of cases. They have observed a more remarkable inclination to the cholostasis in children (40% of the cases of positivity of LP-X), concluding for a scarce specificity of such a "marker" of cholostasis.
