Antibacterial Efficacy of the Grape Seed Extract as an Irrigant for Root Canal Preparation.

Objective: The purpose of this research was to compare relative effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite 5.25% (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX) and 6.5 % grape seed extract (GSE) against Enterococcus faecalis using instrument Reciproc R25 in root canal preparation. Methods: Forty-five mesiobuccal root canals from extracted human maxillary molars were collected and infected with Enterococcus faecalis. The samples were divided into five groups according to the different types of irrigants: saline (positive control) (n=5); in the other groups were used 10 root canals for each group: NaOCl+EDTA; CHX gel+EDTA; GSE solution+EDTA; GSE gel+EDTA. All the groups were prepared with reciprocating instruments Reciproc R25. Bacterial reduction was measured by two-way ANOVA (P<0.001) followed by Tukey HSD post-hoc tests, from the counting of colony forming units (CFUs) from samples collected before instrumentation and after. The significance level established at 5% (P<0.05). Results: The group prepared with the NaOCl resulted in highest antimicrobial capacity among of all (P>0.05), followed by CHX and GSE gel (P<0.05). Control and GSE solution showed similar results (P<0.05) and resulted in the lowest percentage of the reduction of the microorganism into the root canals. Conclusion: NaOCl had the higher elimination capacity of Enterococcus faecalis than GSE and CHX.

Terapia fotodinâmica na endodontia: revisão de literatura / Photodynamic therapy in endodontics: literature review

A terapia endodôntica busca prevenir e quando necessário eliminar infecções endodônticas. A persistência de microrganismos ao preparo químico mecânico ou a medicação intracanal é considerada a principal causa dos insucessos do tratamento endodôntico. Sendo nestes casos o Enterococcus faecalis o microrganismo mais comumente encontrado. A terapia fotodinâmica (PDT) desponta desta maneira como uma promissora terapia coadjuvante ao tratamento endodôntico convencional para eliminar estes microrganismos persistentes. Esta terapia consiste na associação de uma fonte de luz específica a um fotossensibilizador na presença de oxigênio, produzindo assim espécies citotóxicas aos microrganismos. Assim, o presente artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre o uso da terapia fotodinâmica na endodontia, a qual demonstra-se efetiva como auxiliar durante o preparo do canal radicular(AU)

Endodontic therapy seeks to prevent and when necessary to eliminate endodontic infections. The persistence of microorganisms to the mechanical chemical preparation or the intracanal medication is considered the main cause of the failures of the endodontic treatment. In these cases Enterococcus faecalis is the most commonly found microorganism. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) emerges as a promising adjuvant therapy to conventional endodontic treatment to eliminate these persistent microorganisms. This therapy consists in the association of a specific light source with a photosensitizer in the presence of oxygen, producing cytotoxic species to the microorganisms. Thus, the present article aims at a review of the literature on the use of photodynamic therapy in endodontics, a test that is shown to assist in the preparation of the root canal(AU)

Does adding an instrument after root preparation with Reciproc® R25 increase bacterial reduction?

AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the bacterial reduction achieved with reciprocating instruments such as Reciproc® R25 (VDW GMBH, Munich, Germany) and Reciproc® R25 combined with rotary file Mtwo 40.04 (VDW GMBH) during root canal preparation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty mesiobuccal root canals of maxillary molars were contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis broth culture and then an initial bacterial sample was collected from the root canal with paper cones and plated on brain-heart infusion agar. The root canals were divided into four groups as follows: Reciproc® R25 (n = 20) and Reciproc® R25 combined with Mtwo 40.04 instrument (n = 20). The negative controls consisted of five uncontaminated root canals and the positive control consisted of five contaminated roots that were not subjected to any decontamination procedure. Irrigation was performed using sodium chloride. After instrumentation, samples were collected with paper cones and the rate of bacterial reduction was calculated. Microbiological testing (colony-forming units [CFUs]) was performed to quantify the decontamination obtained by the proposed protocols. Statistical analysis was performed by paired t-test and analysis of variance test. RESULTS: Both techniques significantly reduced the number of bacteria in the root canal (P < 0.05), with no significant difference among them (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The addition of the instrument Mtwo 40.04 after the root preparation with the instrument R25 does not improve its decontamination capability.