ABSTRACT
Two experiments assessed the utilization of pretrained problem-solution associations (i.e., instances) in memory-based cognitive skill learning in younger and older adults. In Experiment 1, participants were given practice with repeated alphabet-arithmetic problems and then trained on a compound skill-learning task that incorporated the pretrained alphabet-arithmetic items. In Experiment 2, participants were pretrained with compound problems, and then trained on just the alphabet-arithmetic items that were part of the compound problems. In both experiments, utilization of pretrained instances was much greater for younger adults than for older adults. These findings can be taken to imply that failure to retrieve and apply reoccurring instances is a primary source of age-related deficits in the transfer of cognitive skill learning across task situations.
Subject(s)
Aging/psychology , Cognition/physiology , Learning/physiology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Aging/physiology , Humans , Mathematics , Memory/physiology , Middle Aged , Practice, Psychological , Problem Solving/physiology , Reaction Time/physiology , Task Performance and Analysis , Young AdultABSTRACT
In order to optimize a future EHR implementation, we gathered perceptions of existing workflow from clinical and non-clinical staff of an academic medical center. Document review and interviews were conducted to identify work activities, roles, goals and information needs across the medical center. This included both clinical and non-clinical personnel. Perceptions of workflow, information exchange and the importance of various activities varied across stakeholder groups. A reliance on informal information exchange was cited by participants.