[Tripeptides slow down aging process in renal cell culture].

The mechanism of geroprotective effect of peptides AED and EDL was studied in ageing renal cell culture. Peptide AED and EDL increase cell proliferation, decreasing expression of marker of aging p16, p21, p53 and increasing expression of SIRT-6 in young and aged renal cell culture. The reduction of SIRT-6 synthesis in cell is one of the causes of cell senescence. On the basis of experimental data models of interaction of peptides with various sites of DNA were constructed. Both peptides form most energetically favorable complexes with d(ATATATATAT)2 sequences in minor groove of DNA. It is shown that interaction of peptides AED and EDL with DNA is the cause of gene expression, encoded marker of ageing in renal cells.

[Molecular mechanisms of combined extremely radiofrequency and infrared therapy in various age patients with chronic parodontitis].

The influence of extreme radiofrequency millimeter microwave (EHF) and infrared (IR) electromagnetic emanation on the molecular markers of cell renovation (Ki67, p53) and proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α expression in the buccal cells of various age patients with chronic parodontitis was investigated. The results show that EHF- and IR-electromagnetic emanation increased Ki67 proliferative marker expression and decreased expression of proapoptosis protein p53 and proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α in the buccal epithelium of young, middle-aged and elderly people with chronic parodontitis. The data obtained open the new ability for patogenetic treatment of various age patients with chronic parodontitis using the EHF- and IR-electromagnetic emanation method.

[Age and gender changes of apatites from human hard tooth tissues].

Apatites of hard tissues of teeth of persons of different sex and age were studied in detail. It is shown that the crystal structure of apatites depends on changes in the composition of the enamel that happen during a person's life. Limits of the variations of the crystal lattice parameters of the enamel apatites connected with the complicate processes of de- and remineralization have been determined. On the basis of the identified correlations between chemical composition, crystal lattice parameters and age of patients, the complicated interrelated isomorphic replacements occurring in the crystal structure of apatites of hard tooth tissues during aging were analysed.

[Molecular-cellular mechanisms of retina pathology development in people of various age].

The review considers the molecular-cellular mechanisms of retina pathology in people of various age. Dysfunction of retinal cells (retinal pigment epithelium, photoreceptors, neurons) causes the development of age-related macular degeneration, retinal ischemia and a variety of hereditary diseases. This is the description of involvement of genes and signaling molecules in the dysfunction of retinal cell types. It is established that a breach of RPE65 gene expression leads to age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa and Leber's congenital amaurosis. Mutations in the CRX gene are the cause of progressive states such as cone-rod dystrophy. In addition, more than 100 mutations in RHO have been identified, leading to different variants of retinitis pigmentosa. The involvement of TGF-(beta2 in the formation of retinal cells and the regulation of secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF, which synthesis is increased by ischemic lesions of the retina, is described.

[The role of melatonin in progress of pathology of a retina in patients of senior age group].

Epiphysis cerebri and its hormone melatonin play a leading role in aging. Melatonin affects many biochemical processes in a human body. The authors assume that there is a correlation between the level of melatonin and development of macular degeneration by age.

[The medical aspects of nutrition in minor casualties]. / Meditsinskie aspekty pitaniia legoranenykh.

It is recommended that a standard ration will be accompanied by "Unpit", natural casein concentrates, and "Glucosolan" vitaminized preparation to eliminate++ the disorders of trophological status of minimally wounded. There is a proposal to include the products of enteral nutrition for the ration of food supplies, because it would shorten the recovery time of minimally wounded, and, thus, accelerate their return to the ranks.

[Nitrogen metabolism in elderly persons on a low-calorie diet]. / Sostoianie azotistogo obmena u lits pozhilogo vozrasta, poluchavshikh redutsirovannuiu po kaloriinosti dietu.

The clinical trials covered 9 men aged 58-73 years with daily energy losses of 2200-2350 kcal and given for 10 days the diet (1128 kcal/day) containing different food ingredients. A study was made of the main parameters of nitrogenous metabolism. During the time of being kept on a low-caloric diet, the test subjects lost 2.1 kg body mass. Excretion of total nitrogen dropped 34%, urea 57%. Excretion of creatinine appreciably rose (208% of the initial). The calculation of nitrogenous balance demonstrated protein deficiency to be equal to 209 g during experiments. The concentration of free amino acids in blood plasma decreased: that of replaceable by 29.5%, that of essential ones by 37.6%. It is assumed that the tension of body metabolism affected protein synthesis, whereas the protein quota in the diet did not appear sufficient for elderly subjects.

[Various indicators of metabolism and energy expenditure in inadequate nutrition]. / Nekotorye pokazateli obmena veshchestv i énergii pri neadekvatnom pitanii.

The authors studied energy, nitrous, lipid, carbohydrate, mineral and vitamin metabolism in subjects aged 18-21 years exposed during 8 days to high physical loads within 4540-8495 kkal/day and given the daily diet consisting of natural food with an energy value of 3220 kkal. During the observation period, the body weight losses amounted to 3.7 kg (5.3%) of the initial weight magnitude on the average, whereas the amount of fatty component dropped by 23.9%. The test subjects manifested a decrease in work fitness, a fall in the main metabolism by 23%, reduction of the respiratory ratio to 0.67, and considerable alterations in the majority of metabolic indices. The recovery of the body status till the attainment of the initial level lasted 3-5 days. The subjects with a good physical stature tolerated the period of inadequate nutrition fairly well.

[Aspects of metabolic change in low-calorie ration nutrition]. / Nekotorye aspekty izmeneniia obmena veshchestv pri pitanii malokaloriinymi ratsionami.

The parameters of physical development and those of energy, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were studied during intake of low-calorie diets (995 kcal) of the two types, mainly carbohydrate and protein ones. Energy deficiency in the examinees fluctuated from 1785 to 2285 kcal/day during a ten-day intake of low-calorie diet. Reduction in the body weight was noted in all the persons, amounting from 2,2 to 3.960 kg; the losses of the fat component constituted from 20 to 25% of the total body weight loss during intake of carbohydrate diet and from 35 to 65% in case of protein diet. It was shown that lipids played the most active role in energy supply of the organism. In case of carbohydrate diet, the fats started participation in energy metabolism by the 7th day. In both experiments energy supply of the organism was effected at the expense of fats. Although the body weight during intake of carbohydrate diet declined less as compared to protein diet, it is recommended that low-calorie carbohydrate diets (1000 kcal) may be applied in dietotherapy since the intensity of the metabolic processes is less pronounced in these cases.