[To understand the words of cancer: Lexonco, dictionary of oncology SOR SAVOIR PATIENT for patients and relatives. Methodological aspects]. / Comprendre les mots du cancer: Lexonco, dictionnaire d'oncologie SOR SAVOIR PATIENT pour les personnes malades et leurs proches. Aspects méthodologiques

In response to the evolution of the information-seeking behaviour of patients and concerns from health professionals regarding cancer patient information, the French National Federation of Comprehensive Cancer Centres (FNCLCC) introduced, in 1998, an information and education program dedicated to patients and relatives, the SOR SAVOIR PATIENT program. Lexonco project is a dictionary on oncology adapted for patients and relatives and validated by medical experts and cancer patients. This paper describes the methodological aspects which take into account patients and experts' perspectives to produce the defi nitions.

Variation of gastric lipase secretion in the Heidenhain pouch of the cat.

In the cat, gastric lipase secretion was equally but weakly stimulated by pentagastrin, a major stimulant of acid secretion, and by carbamylcholine, a major stimulant of pepsin secretion. Lipase was also stimulated by fresh liver, which induces a large blood gastrin release and not by canned food, which is a poor gastrin releaser. Lipase output always preceded that of acid an pepsin. Lipase was not correlated with acid and pepsin secretion while acid and pepsin were well correlated during all stimulations but not in basal state. Lipase is co-localized with pepsin in the chief cells but is also present in pepsin-free cells, the mucus surface cells of the fundus and the antrum. The distribution of lipase explains the lack of correlation between pepsin and lipase as already mentioned. However, our data show that lipase secretion is under the control of gastric stimulants and might play a role in the gastric initiation of pancreatic meal lipolysis.

Immunocytochemical study of peptidergic structures in Brunner's glands.

Nervous and endocrine peptidergic structures in human Brunner's glands were studied by immunofluorescence. Endocrine cells storing immunoreactive components respectively similar to somatostatin 14, the amino-terminal portion (1-14) of somatostatin 28, gastrin-cholecystokinin, and peptide YY were distributed throughout the acini. Peptidergic nerve structures contained materials immunologically related to vasoactive intestinal peptide, peptide histidine methionine, substance P, neuropeptide Y, and gastrin-releasing peptide. The latter peptide was detected in discrete fibers running into the acini but within no cell body in the submucosa. All other neuropeptides were stored in fibers, isolated or grouped in bundles, and in perikarya of submucosal ganglia close to the acini. No immunoreactive structures were detected using antisera directed against pancreatic polypeptide, secretin, motilin, neurotensin, or calcitonin gene-related peptide. The results suggest that several regulatory peptides may be involved in the control of Brunner's glands in humans.

Effect of pentagastrin, secretin and cholecystokinin on intestinal water and sodium absorption in the rat.

To test the effect of pentagastrin, secretin and cholecystokinin on intestinal absorption of water and sodium, duodenal , jejunal and ileal loops were prepared in situ in fasted rats, filled with NaCl solution containing 14C PEG and 22Na as markers. Hormones were given by intracardiac injection, the content of the loops was collected 1 h later. In control rats, water and sodium absorption were 5, 30 and 50% of the injected quantities in duodenum, jejunum and ileum, respectively. Pentagastrin (ICI; 1.25, 5 and 20 microgram/100 g) increased the duodenal absorption of water and sodium and decreased the ileal absorption. Secretin (GIH; 0.17, 0.85 AND 3.5 CU/100 g) induced a duodenal secretion and decreased the ileal absorption. Cholecystokinin (GIH; 1, 4, 8 AND 12 IDU) induced a duodenal secretion and decreased the ileal absorption at the lowest dose while the effect disappeared with higher doses. As previously known, the gastrointestinal hormones modulate intestinal absorption of water and sodium. This study indicates that the effect depends on dose and segment under study.