ABSTRACT
The white potato worm (Premnotrypes Vorax (Hustache)) is one of the pests that causes the greatest damage to the potato crop and the greatest economic losses to the grower; therefore, knowing its life cycle and estimating its intrinsic growth rate is crucial for selecting an appropriate chemical control method, in order to reduce the environmental impact and ensure a profitable production suitable for consumption. In this article, we present a fuzzy Malthusian model describing the evolution of the white potato worm in the crop, considering that the intrinsic growth rate and the reported initial data on the problem are of fuzzy nature. The main contributions and novelty of this paper are summarized in the following two aspects: first, the estimation of the intrinsic growth rate of the white potato worm, in function of the temperature, by using a Takagi-Sugeno-Kang type fuzzy rule-based model; and second, since in practice the initial white potato worm population in a crop is subjective, imprecise and vague, knowing the intrinsic growth rate, we propose and solve a fuzzy initial value problem to determine the evolution in time of the white potato worm population. In conclusion, given a weekly average temperature, it is possible to know the white potato worm population per unit area oscillating in an interval whose length depends on the degree of inaccuracy of the initial population and the intrinsic growth rate. This study can be relevant for grower decision making in terms of the type and frequency of pest control on his crop.
Subject(s)
Algorithms , Fuzzy LogicABSTRACT
Introducción y objetivos: La tendinopatía es una lesión frecuente durante la práctica deportiva que cursa con una alteración estructural del tendón. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad de un complemento alimentario a base de mucopolisacáridos, colágeno tipo i y vitamina C (Tendoactive(R)) sobre la evolución clínica y estructural de las tendinopatías del tendón de Aquiles, rotuliano y del epicóndilo lateral del codo. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio multicéntrico prospectivo, de tipo exploratorio en fase IV, abierto y no comparativo. Se incluyeron un total de 98 pacientes con tendinopatías (32 de Aquiles, 32 de rotuliano y 34 del epicóndilo lateral) que recibieron una dosis diaria de 435 mg de mucopolisacáridos, 75 mg de colágeno tipo I y 60 mg de vitamina C (equivalente a 3 cápsulas al día de Tendoactive(R)) durante 90 días consecutivos. Mensualmente se evaluó el dolor en reposo y en actividad mediante una escala visual analógica (EVA), la función articular mediante los cuestionarios VISA-A, VISA-P y PRTEE, y se caracterizó ecográficamente el tendón afectado. Resultados: En los 3 tipos de tendinopatía se registró una reducción significativa del dolor tanto en reposo como en actividad desde la primera visita de control (día 30) hasta el final del estudio (día 90). Asimismo el día 90 se detectó una mejora del 38% en VISA-A, del 46% en VISA-P y del 77% en PRTEE (p < 0,001). Simultáneamente se registró una reducción del 12% en el grosor del tendón de Aquiles, del 10% en el rotuliano y del 20% en el tendón del epicóndilo lateral (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: Los resultados del estudio indican que la administración de Tendoactive(R) es segura y eficaz para mejorar los síntomas clínicos y la evolución estructural de las tendinopatías del tendón de Aquiles, tendón rotuliano y tendón del epicóndilo lateral
Introduction and objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a diet supplement containing mucopolysaccharides, collagen type I and vitamin C (Tendoactive(R)) on the clinical symptoms and tendon structure of patients with Achilles, patellar, or lateral epicondyle tendinopathy. Material and methods: Between September 2012 and February 2013, a total of 98 patients with tendinopathy were included in the study (32 of Achilles tendon, 32 of patellar tendon, and 34 of lateral epicondyle tendon). The patients received a daily dose of Tendoactive(R) containing 435 mg of mucopolysaccharides, 75 mg of collagen type I and 60 mg of vitamin C (equivalent to 2 capsules per day) for 90 consecutive days, and were followed up monthly during the study period. Clinical assessments included pain intensity, which was assessed at rest and during activity using a visual analog scale (VAS), and also a specific functional scale (VISA-A questionnaire for Achilles, VISA-P for patella, and PRTEE for the elbow). Tendon structure was analyzed using ultrasound, including measurements of cross-sectional thickness of the tendon, paratenon blurring, heteroechogenicity and hypoechogenicity levels, and neovascularization. Results: There was a significant reduction in pain at rest and during activity from the first follow-up visit (day 30) until the end of the study (day 90) for the three types of tendinopathy. The same pattern of response was observed with the functional scales. On day 90 the improvement from baseline was 38% for VISA-A, 46% for VISA-P, and 77% for PRTEE (P <0.001). Simultaneous to the clinical improvement, there was a reduction of the tendon thickness (12% in Achilles, 10% in patellar tendon and 20% in lateral epicondyle tendon; P < 0.05). Conclusions: The overall results show that Tendoactive(R) is a safe and effective treatment for improving the clinical symptoms, as well as structural evolution of injured tendons, as demonstrated in Achilles, patellar and lateral elbow epicondyle tendinopathy
Subject(s)
Humans , Tendinopathy/diet therapy , Dietary Supplements , Athletic Injuries/diet therapy , Sports , Mucopolysaccharidoses , Collagen Type I/therapeutic use , Ascorbic Acid/therapeutic use , Cumulative Trauma Disorders/diet therapyABSTRACT
Se presenta un estudio de las medidas difusas y de las integrales difusas, y se muestran algunos fenómenos donde estas son utilizadas- Se expone cómo es introducido el concepto de medida difusa y cómo a partir de él se introduce la noción de integral difusa. Se establecen propiedades de las medidas difusas y se clasifican de acuerdo a la propiedad aditiva y las λ-medidas, se observa cómo las medidas de probabilidad, plausibilidad, credibilidad, posibilidad y necesidad son ejemplos clásicos en la clasificación realizada. Se hace un análisis de las dos principales integrales difusas: integral de Sugeno e integral de Choquet, dado que la aplicación de estas integrales se hace sobre conjuntos finitos, se realiza utilizando el concepto de función equiordenada una comparación de ellas para el caso finito. Se presentan dos ejemplos donde se utilizan las medidas difusas e integrales difusas en los procesos de clasificación de individuos y evaluación de calidad. También se describen algunos fenómenos donde ellas son aplicadas. Las medidas clásicas son usadas en ciertos casos especiales de incertidumbre basados en la aleatoriedad.La utilización en determinados contextos de medidas difusas (no aditivas) y de las integrales difusas ofrece un enfoque más flexible y realista para modelar la incertidumbre...
This is a study of fuzzy measures and fuzzy integrals; it presents some of the phenomena where they are used. It exposes how the concept of fuzzy measure is introduced and from it, the notion of fuzzy integral is presented. Properties of fuzzy measures are established and they are classified according to additive property and λ-measures, while the probability, plausibility, credibility, possibility and necessity measures are observed as classic examples of the classification completed.The two main fuzzy integrals were analyzed: the Sugeno integral and the Choquet integral, given the application of these integrals is made on finite sets, a comparison between them for the finite case is performed using the concept of equiordered functions. We present two examples in which fuzzy measures and fuzzy integrals are used in the classification of individuals and in quality assessment. It also describes some phenomena where they are applied. Classic measures are used in certain special cases of uncertainty based on randomness. The use in certain contexts of fuzzy measures (non-additive) and fuzzy integrals offer a more flexible and realistic focus in modeling uncertainty...
Apresentamos um estudo de medidas difusas e integráis difusas, e mostramos alguns fenómenos onde são utilizadas. Expõe-se como é introduzido o conceito de medida difusa e como a partir daí se introduz a noção de integral difusa. Estabelecem-se propriedades das medidas difusas e classÍficam-se de acordó com a propriedade aditiva e as λ-medidas, observa-se como as medidas de probabilidade, plausibílidade, credibilidade, possibílidade, e necessidade sao exemplos clássicos da classificacão feka. Faz-se urna análise das duas principáis integráis difusas: integral de Sugeno e integral de Choquet, urna vez que a aplicação destas integráis é feka sobre conjuntos finitos, realiza-se utilizando o conceito de funcao equiordenada comparando-as com o caso finito.Apresentam-se dois exemplos que usam medidas difusas e integráis difusas nos processos de classificação dos individuos e de avaliagao de qualidade. Também se descreve alguns fenómenos onde elas são aplicadas. As medidas clássicas são usadas em certos casos especiáis de incerteza baseados em aleatoriedade. O uso em determinados contextos das medidas difusas (não aditiva) e integráis difusas fornece urna incerteza de modelagem mais flexível e realista...
Subject(s)
Classification/methods , Quality Control , Uncertainty , ProbabilityABSTRACT
This work describes concentrations of organochlorine pesticides in bottled drinking water (BDW) in Mexico City. The results of 36 samples (1.5 and 19 L presentations, 18 samples, respectively) showed the presence of seven pesticides (HCH isomers, heptachlor, aldrin, and p,p'-DDE) in bottled water compared with the drinking water standards set by NOM-127-SSA1-1994, EPA, and World Health Organization. The concentrations of the majority of organochlorine pesticides were within drinking water standards (0.01 ng/mL) except for beta-HCH of BW 3, 5, and 6 samples with values of 0.121, 0.136, and 0.192 ng/mL, respectively. It is important monitoring drinking bottled water for protecting human health.
Subject(s)
Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis , Pesticide Residues/analysis , Pesticides/analysis , Water/analysis , Food Packaging , MexicoABSTRACT
A study was conducted to measure residues of 13 organophosphorus (OP) pesticides, widely used as dairy cattle ectoparasiticides or in crops used for animal feed, in homogenized and pasteurized Mexican milk samples. Four different milk brands with high distribution were collected biweekly during a 12 month period (n = 96) in supermarkets. OP pesticide residues were measured by gas chromatography with a flame photometric detector. Approximately 39.6% of the samples contained detectable levels of OP pesticide residues. Eight samples contained residues exceeding established maximum residue limits (MRL), and the OP pesticides present in these samples were dichlorvos (five samples), phorate, chlorpyrifos, and chlorfenvinphos (one sample, respectively). Average residues of 13 OP pesticides measured were below established MRLs ranging between 0.0051 and 0.0203 ppm.
Subject(s)
Insecticides/analysis , Milk/chemistry , Pesticide Residues/analysis , Animals , Cattle , Chlorfenvinphos/analysis , Chlorpyrifos/analysis , Chromatography, Gas , Dichlorvos/analysis , Maximum Allowable Concentration , Mexico , Phorate/analysis , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Guanine:adenine (G:A) mismatches and in particular tandem G:A (tG:A) mismatches are frequently observed in biological RNA molecules and can serve as sites for tertiary interaction, metal binding and protein recognition. Depending on the surrounding sequence tG:A mismatches can adopt different basepairing topologies. In the sequence context (5'-) GGAC (tandem G:A in bold) a face-to-face (imino or Watson-Crick-like) pairing is preferred whereas in the CGAG context, G and A adopt a sheared arrangement. Systematic conformational searches with a generalized Born continuum model and molecular dynamics simulations including explicit water molecules and ions have been used to generate face-to-face and sheared tG:A mismatches in both CGAG and GGAC sequence contexts. Conformations from both approaches were evaluated using the same force field and a Poisson-Boltzmann continuum solvent model. Although the substate analysis predicted the sheared arrangement to be energetically preferred in both sequence contexts, a significantly greater preference of the sheared form was found for the CGAG context. In agreement with the experimental observation, the analysis of molecular dynamics trajectories indicated a preference of the sheared form in the case of the CGAG-context and a favorization of the face-to-face form in the case of the GGAC context. The computational studies allowed to identify energetic contributions that stabilize or destabilize the face-to-face and sheared tandem mismatch topologies. The calculated nonpolar solvation and Lennard-Jones packing interaction were found to stabilize the sheared topology independent of the sequence context. Electrostatic contributions are predicted to make the most significant contribution to the sequence context dependence on the structural preference of tG:A mismatches.
Subject(s)
Adenine/chemistry , Base Pair Mismatch , Guanine/chemistry , Models, Molecular , Nucleic Acid Conformation , Sequence Alignment/methods , Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods , Tandem Repeat Sequences , Base Sequence , Binding Sites , Computer Simulation , Energy Transfer , Molecular Sequence Data , Solvents/chemistry , Static ElectricityABSTRACT
An analytical method to identify and quantify multiple antibiotic residues (chloramphenicol, ampicillin, benzylpenicillin, dicloxacillin and erythromycin) in cow's milk by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) combined with bioautography was developed. The test microorganism used for bioautography was Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. Antibiotic residues were extracted with acetonitrile, fat eliminated with petroleum ether and residues isolated with dichloromethane The sensitivity of the method guarantees the detection of the above-mentioned antibiotics at levels below maximum residue limits (MRL) allowed for milk. Percentage recoveries ranged between 90 and 100%, with coefficients of variation between 7.2 and 21.3%. Some advantages of this methodology over thin-layer chromatography (TLC)/bioautography are also discussed.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/analysis , Chromatography, Thin Layer/methods , Drug Residues/analysis , Milk/chemistry , Animals , CattleABSTRACT
A stability study was made of 10 antimicrobials: 6 sulfonamides, 3 nitrofurans, and chloramphenicol residues in raw milk samples preserved with 0.1 % potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) and 0.05% mercuric bichloride (HgCl2) during cold storage for 7 days. Preserved milk samples fortified with 50 ppb of each antimicrobial were analyzed by liquid chromatography (modified AOAC Method 993.32). Drugs were extracted with chloroform-acetone after solvent evaporation residues were dissolved with aqueous sodium acetate buffer solution (0.02M, pH 4.8), and fat was removed with hexane. Sulfonamides and chloramphenicol were detected at 275 nm (UV) by using a gradient system of sodium acetate buffer solution-acetonitrile starting at 95 + 5 (v/v) and finishing at 80 + 20 (v/v). Nitrofurans were detected at 375 nm (UV) isocratically with sodium acetate buffer solution-acetonitrile (80 + 20, v/v). Residues stability was measured through recovery data. Sulfamethoxazole, sulfachloropyridazine, nitrofurazone, furazolidone, and furaltadone residues remained stable in the presence of either preservative for 7 days. Sulfamethazine and chloramphenicol were not affected by K2Cr2O7, but had significant losses (p <0.05) when HgCl2 was used: 26.2 and 13.4%, respectively. Average recoveries of sulfamonomethoxine, sulfamerazine, and sulfathiazole significantly decreased by Day 7, with losses of 17.1, 17.2, and 23.2% for K2Cr2O7, and 23.3, 20.7, and 48.0% for HgCl2, respectively. During 5 days of cold storage all antimicrobials tested, except sulfathiazole, remained stable in milk samples preserved with 0.1 % K2Cr2O7 or 0.05% HgCl2.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/analysis , Chloramphenicol/analysis , Drug Residues/analysis , Milk/chemistry , Nitrofurans/analysis , Sulfonamides/analysis , Animals , Chromatography, Liquid , Indicators and Reagents , Reference Standards , Solutions , Spectrophotometry, UltravioletABSTRACT
A rapid and selective liquid chromatographic method was developed to detect 6 sulfonamides, 3 nitrofurans, and chloramphenicol residues in pasteurized milk. The 10 drugs were extracted with chloroform-acetone and the organic phase was evaporated; the residues were dissolved in an aqueous sodium acetate buffer solution 0.02M (pH = 4.8), and the fat was removed by washing with hexane. The aqueous layer was collected, filtered, and injected. The 6 sulfonamides and chloramphenicol were detected at 275 nm ultraviolet (UV) using a gradient system starting with sodium acetate buffer solution-acetonitrile (95 + 5) and finishing with sodium acetate buffer solution-acetonitrile (80 + 20). Nitrofurans were detected at 375 nm (UV) isocratically with sodium acetate buffer solution-acetonitrile (80 + 20). For 50 ppb fortified milk, the average recoveries were (sulfathiazole) 65.52%; (sulfamerazine) 75.36%; (sulfamethazine) 93.94%; (sulfachlorpyridazine) 75.94%; (sulfamethoxazole) 85.18%; (sulfamonomethoxine) 83.45%; (chloramphenicol) 104.17%; (nitrofurazone) 91.81%; (furazolidone) 100.76%; and (furaltadone) 72.38%. Method detection limits ranged from 4 ppb (nitrofurazone) to 16 ppb (sulfamethazine). Some matrix interferences (3-7 ppb) were observed only with sulfonamides.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/analysis , Anti-Infective Agents/analysis , Chloramphenicol/analysis , Drug Residues/analysis , Milk/chemistry , Nitrofurans/analysis , Sulfonamides/analysis , Animals , Cattle , Chromatography, Liquid , Female , Indicators and Reagents , Mexico , Reference Standards , SolutionsABSTRACT
Se presenta un paciente masculino de 18 años en el que coincidían dos afecciones tumorales relacionadas con la persistencia del uraco: un quiste y un adenocarcinoma mucoproductor. Justifican su publicación la poca frecuencia de ambas afecciones y la coincidencia en un mismo paciente, así como el hecho de no haber encontrado otro caso similar en la literatura revisada
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Urachal Cyst/pathology , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology , Urachal Cyst/diagnosis , Urinary Bladder NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio de la morbilidad y mortalidad de nuestro servicio en el bienio 1985-1986, se destacó buenos índices en el movimiento hospitalario. Las afecciones tumorales prostáticas, litiasis urinaria y la urosepsis reflejaron el mayor ingreso en ese período. Se operaron más del 75 % de las afecciones ingresadas con el 10,9 % de complicaciones, se destacó la sepsis de la herida entre ellas. La mortalidad neta y bruta fue de 0,6 respectivamente, y fue el tromboembolismo pulmonar y el infarto de miocardio las causas directas y más frecuentes de éstas
Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Morbidity , Mortality , Urology Department, HospitalABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio de la morbilidad y mortalidad de nuestro servicio en el bienio 1985-1986, se destacó buenos índices en el movimiento hospitalario. Las afecciones tumorales prostáticas, litiasis urinaria y la urosepsis reflejaron el mayor ingreso en ese período. Se operaron más del 75
de las afecciones ingresadas con el 10,9
de complicaciones, se destacó la sepsis de la herida entre ellas. La mortalidad neta y bruta fue de 0,6 respectivamente, y fue el tromboembolismo pulmonar y el infarto de miocardio las causas directas y más frecuentes de éstas
Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Urology Department, Hospital , Mortality , MorbidityABSTRACT
Se realiza un análisis de los resultados del tratamiento local con thiotepa en un grupo de pacientes que previamente fueron operados de cáncer vesical (cistectomía parcial) con el fin de evitar o retardar las recidivas del tumor y compararlo con otro grupo al que sólo se le realizó cistectomía parcial. Se obtuvieron buenos resultados sin recidiva tumoral en el primer grupo con el 65,3 , mientras que en el segundo grupo sólo el 4 no tuvo recidiva
Subject(s)
Humans , Thiotepa/therapeutic use , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosisABSTRACT
Se realiza un análisis de los resultados del tratamiento local con thiotepa en un grupo de pacientes que previamente fueron operados de cáncer vesical (cistectomía parcial) con el fin de evitar o retardar las recidivas del tumor y compararlo con otro grupo al que sólo se le realizó cistectomía parcial. Se obtuvieron buenos resultados sin recidiva tumoral en el primer grupo con el 65,3 , mientras que en el segundo grupo sólo el 4 no tuvo recidiva
Subject(s)
Humans , Thiotepa/therapeutic use , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosisABSTRACT
Se presenta una nueva técnica para corregir la incontinencia de orina por esfuerzo, basada en la suspensión del cuello vesical y la vejiga de la aponeurosis de los rectos utilizando como sutura el cromado No. 1. Esta técnica es más fácil y rápida de realizar que otras analizadas, y se presentan pocas complicaciones. Se realizó en 32 pacientes, quienes evolucionaron satisfactoriamente en el 90
Subject(s)
Humans , Urinary Incontinence, Stress/surgery , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Urinary Incontinence, Stress/complicationsABSTRACT
Se hace un análisis de los ingresos por cáncer en el Servicio de Urología durante 2 quinquenios (de 1976 a 1985) y se informa la tasa por 1 000 habitantes. Se señala que el cáncer prostático fue el de mayor incidencia y que el 5,5 de los pacientes que ingresaron en ese período padecieron de cáncer
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Urogenital Neoplasms/epidemiology , Prostatic Neoplasms/epidemiology , Urologic Neoplasms/epidemiology , StatisticsABSTRACT
Se hace un análisis de los ingresos por cáncer en el Servicio de Urología durante 2 quinquenios (de 1976 a 1985) y se informa la tasa por 1 000 habitantes. Se señala que el cáncer prostático fue el de mayor incidencia y que el 5,5 de los pacientes que ingresaron en ese período padecieron de cáncer
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Prostatic Neoplasms/epidemiology , Statistics , Urogenital Neoplasms/epidemiology , Urologic Neoplasms/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Se presenta una nueva técnica para corregir la incontinencia de orina por esfuerzo, basada en la suspensión del cuello vesical y la vejiga de la aponeurosis de los rectos utilizando como sutura el cromado No. 1. Esta técnica es más fácil y rápida de realizar que otras analizadas, y se presentan pocas complicaciones. Se realizó en 32 pacientes, quienes evolucionaron satisfactoriamente en el 90
