ABSTRACT
A novel method for the synthesis of quinazolin-4(3H)-imines (QIs) by trimethylsilyl polyphosphate (PPSE) promoted reaction of 2-aminobenzonitrile with secondary amides is reported. The reaction is general and allows for the synthesis of N3-aryl and N3-alkyl QIs with variable 2-substituents affording high yields. The procedure was extended to derivatives bearing additional functional groups. The method is operationally simple, involves easily available starting materials and a mild dehydrating agent, with wide functional group tolerance. The reaction procedure proved to be suitable for scaling-up. A possible reaction path via an intermediate nitrilium ion is proposed on the basis of literature data and experimental observations.
ABSTRACT
The stereodynamic behavior of 1-arylpyrrolidin-2-imines, having a Caryl-N stereogenic axis, has been studied by means of dynamic nuclear magnetic resonance and density functional theory calculations, evaluating the steric effect of ortho-aryl substituents. The rotational barrier due to E/Z isomerism about the -C=N-H bond was also determined. The dynamic stereochemistry of homologous six- and seven-membered iminoazacycloalkane rings and their oxo-analogues was also comparatively investigated, evidencing a ring size effect. It was found that the seven-membered heterocycle shows additional dynamic features because of ring inversion.
ABSTRACT
The sequential N-functionalization of 2-aminobenzylamine (2-ABA) followed by cyclodehydration allowed for a straightforward and efficient synthesis of 3,4-dihydroquinazolines with N-aryl substituents bearing electron-withdrawing groups. The sequence involves an initial SNAr displacement, N-acylation and MW-assisted ring closure. Remarkably, the uncatalyzed N-arylation of 2-ABA led to the monosubstitution product using equimolar amounts of both reagents. The individual steps were optimized achieving good to excellent overall yields of the desired heterocycles, avoiding additional protection and deprotection steps. A mechanistic interpretation for the cyclodehydration reaction promoted by trimethylsilyl polyphosphate (PPSE) is also proposed on the basis of literature data and our experimental observations.
ABSTRACT
A straightforward strategy for the synthesis of dihydroquinazolines is presented, which allows for the preparation of 3,4- and 1,4-dihydroquinazolines with different substitution patterns from 2-aminobenzylamine (2-ABA) as common precursor. The required functionalization of both amino groups present in 2-ABA was achieved by different routes involving selective N-acylation and cesium carbonate-mediated N-alkylation reactions, avoiding protection/deprotection steps. The heterocycles were efficiently synthesized in short reaction times by microwave-assisted ring closure of the corresponding aminoamides promoted by ethyl polyphosphate (PPE).
ABSTRACT
The first general procedure for the synthesis of 5 to 7-membered 1-aryl-2-iminoazacycloalkanes is presented, by microwave-assisted ring closure of ω-arylaminonitriles promoted by polyphosphoric acid (PPA) esters. 1-Aryl-2-iminopyrrolidines were easily prepared from the acyclic precursors employing a chloroformic solution of ethyl polyphosphate (PPE). The use of trimethylsilyl polyphosphate (PPSE) in solvent-free conditions allowed for the synthesis of 1-aryl-2-iminopiperidines and hitherto unreported 1-aryl-2-iminoazepanes. The cyclization reaction involves good to high yields and short reaction times, and represents a novel application of PPA esters in heterocyclic synthesis.
ABSTRACT
The atropisomerism of novel 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrimido[1,2-a]quinoxaline 6-oxides 1 bearing dissymmetric (ortho-substituted) 5-aryl residues and the homologous 1,2-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]quinoxaline 5-oxides 2 was investigated. The existence of a chiral axis was demonstrated for compound 1a by X-ray diffraction and by DFT calculations of the ground state geometry. The resolution of the atropisomeric enantiomers on chiral stationary phases is reported. The barriers to enantiomerization were determined by off-line racemization studies and/or by treatment of the plateau-shaped chromatograms during chromatography on chiral support. A clear ring size effect was evidenced. In all cases, six-membered amidine derivatives 1 showed higher barriers than the corresponding lower homologues 2, which also display lower sensitivity to the substituent size. Transition states for the interconversion of the atropisomers were located using DFT calculations, and involved the interaction of the ortho substituent with the formally sp(2) nitrogen in the amidine moiety. In contrast, in the most favored enantiomerization transition state of the 2-nitro derivative the ortho substituent is close to the N-oxide group.
