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1.
Rev. esp. quimioter ; 29(3): 146-150, jun. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-153088

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El conocimiento de los uropatógenos y sus perfiles de sensibilidad antibiótica deben ser la base del tratamiento empírico racional en las infecciones urinarias. Material y métodos. Se analizaron retrospectivamente el patrón bacteriano y la sensibilidad antimicrobiana en los urocultivos positivos pediátricos identificados en un período de 5 años (2009-2013) de un Hospital de tercer nivel, y se compararon los resultados con un estudio previo realizado en el mismo Hospital entre 1995 y 1999. Resultados. Se aislaron un total de 2,762 cultivos de orina positivos en el período de estudio referido. Escherichia coli fue el microorganismo más frecuentemente aislado (58,9%), seguido de Enterococcus sp. (11,6%) y Proteus mirabilis (10,9%). Más del 95% de las cepas de E. coli no productoras de BLEE fueron sensibles a fosfomicina, nitrofurantoína, cefotaxima y aminoglucósidos. Por contra, el 56, 49 y 22% de los aislados de E. coli fueron resistentes a ampicilina, cefalosporinas orales de primera generación y cotrimoxazol, respectivamente. Ampicilina y amoxicilina/clavulánico fueron los antibióticos más eficaces para tratar Enterococcus sp. y P. mirabilis, respectivamente. La distribución porcentual de gérmenes y la sensibilidad antimicrobiana obtenidas en el estudio no presentaron cambios sustanciales respecto a las publicadas en el mismo hospital en la década de los noventa. Conclusiones. E. coli fue el germen mayoritariamente aislado, con un alto porcentaje de resistencias a ampicilina, cefalosporinas orales de primera generación y cotrimoxazol. Este patrón urinario de aislamientos y sensibilidad antimicrobiana fue similar al reportado en otros estudios pediátricos y tampoco se modificó respecto a una serie comparable de la década de los noventa, por lo que puede considerarse que las recomendaciones actuales del tratamiento antibiótico empírico en las infecciones urinarias se mantienen vigentes (AU)


Introduction. Knowledge of urophatogens and antibiotic susceptibility should be used to assist with empirical urinary tract infection treatment. Material and methods. We retrospectively analysed local bacterial pattern and antimicrobial susceptibility in positive urinary isolates from paediatric patients collected in the period 2009-2013. Results were compared with a previous study carried out in the same sanitary area between 1995 and 1999. Results. We identified 2,762 urinary isolates. Escherichia coli was the most common uropathogen (58.9%), followed by Enterococcus sp. (11.6%) and Proteus mirabilis (10.9%). More than 95% of non extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli were susceptible to nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin, cefotaxime and aminoglycosides. However, 56%, 49%, and 22% of the E. coli isolates were resistant to ampicillin, oral first-generation cephalosporins, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, respectively. Ampicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanate were the most effective antibiotics to treat Enterococcus sp. and P. mirabilis, respectively. Not significant modifications were found compared to results published at the same area in the ‘90s. Conclusions. E. coli was the mostly isolated uropathogen, with a high percentage of resistance to ampicillin, oral first-generation cephalosporins, and trimethoprim-sulfameth-oxazole. These urinary isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were similar to those reported in other paediatric studies and did not show significant changes compared to local previously published results. Thus, it can be considered that the current recommendations about empiric antibiotic therapy in paediatric urinary tract infections remain applicable nowadays (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosis , Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Sensitivity and Specificity , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy , Retrospective Studies , Urine/microbiology , Enterococcus/isolation & purification , Proteus mirabilis/isolation & purification , Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination/therapeutic use , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/therapeutic use
2.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 72(5): 318-324, sep.-oct. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-781248

ABSTRACT

ResumenIntroducción: El síndrome de HELLP es un grave trastorno hipertensivo del embarazo con importantes problemas neonatales en los hijos de las madres afectadas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer las características de estos neonatos y su evolución.Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional descriptivo y retrospectivo de los neonatos hijos de madre con síndrome de HELLP, nacidos en un hospital universitario entre el 1° de enero de 2008 y el 31 de diciembre de 2013. Se estudiaron 33 neonatos procedentes de 28 gestaciones (cinco gemelares). Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y comparativo entre grupos, y posteriormente un análisis de multivarianza de factores asociados con la mortalidad dentro de la serie.Resultados: De 33 recién nacidos estudiados (2.2/1,000 recién nacidos totales), dos fueron mortinatos (6.1% del total) y cuatro fallecieron tras el nacimiento (12.9% de los neonatos vivos), con una mortalidad perinatal total del 18.2%; 28 neonatos terminaron la gestación antes de la semana 37 (84.8%) y 11 antes de la semana 32 (33.3%); siete neonatos pesaron menos de 1,500 g (cuatro de ellos menos de 1,000 g). De los 31 recién nacidos vivos, 13 neonatos tenían peso menor al percentil 10 para su edad gestacional (41.9%), 20 precisaron reanimación neonatal (64.5%) y 14 presentaban leucopenia neonatal (45.2%). En la regresión logística final, la mortalidad neonatal se asoció con la gran prematuridad, independientemente del bajo peso, leucopenia o necesidad de reanimación neonatal.Conclusiones: Los hijos de madre con síndrome de HELLP presentan elevada mortalidad asociada con la alta prematuridad, independientemente de la presencia de leucopenia, bajo peso para edad gestacional o necesidad de reanimación neonatal.


AbstractBackground: HELLP syndrome is a serious hypertensive disorder of pregnancy with important neonatal problems in the newborn. The objective of this work was to determine the characteristics of these infants and its neonatal evolution.Methods: A retrospective observational study of all newborns of mothers with HELLP syndrome born in a university hospital between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2013 was carried out. Thirty-three infants from 28 pregnancies (five twin gestations) were studied. A descriptive and comparative analysis between groups and a multivariate analysis of factors associated with mortality in the series took place.Results: Of 33 newborns studied (2.2 newborns/1,000 infants total), two were stillbirths (6.1% of the total) and four died after birth (12.9% of live neonates) with overall perinatal mortality of 18.2%. Pregnancies in 28 infants ended before 37 weeks (84.8%) and 11 pregnancies ended before week 32 (33.3%). Seven infants weighed < 1500 g (four weighed <1000 g). Of the 31 live births, 13 infants were in a <10th percentile weight for gestational age (41.9%), 20 needed neonatal resuscitation (64.5%) and 14 had leukopenia at birth (45.2%). In the final logistic regression, neonatal mortality was associated with extreme prematurity regardless of underweight, leukopenia and/or need for neonatal resuscitation.Conclusions: Children of mothers with HELLP syndrome have a high mortality associated with extreme prematurity, independent of the presence of leukopenia, low weight for gestational age and need for neonatal resuscitation.

3.
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex ; 72(5): 318-324, 2015.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29421530

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: HELLP syndrome is a serious hypertensive disorder of pregnancy with important neonatal problems in the newborn. The objective of this work was to determine the characteristics of these infants and its neonatal evolution. METHODS: A retrospective observational study of all newborns of mothers with HELLP syndrome born in a university hospital between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2013 was carried out. Thirty-three infants from 28 pregnancies (five twin gestations) were studied. A descriptive and comparative analysis between groups and a multivariate analysis of factors associated with mortality in the series took place. RESULTS: Of 33 newborns studied (2.2 newborns/1,000 infants total), two were stillbirths (6.1% of the total) and four died after birth (12.9% of live neonates) with overall perinatal mortality of 18.2%. Pregnancies in 28 infants ended before 37 weeks (84.8%) and 11 pregnancies ended before week 32 (33.3%). Seven infants weighed<1500g (four weighed <1000g). Of the 31 live births, 13 infants were in a <10th percentile weight for gestational age (41.9%), 20 needed neonatal resuscitation (64.5%) and 14 had leukopenia at birth (45.2%). In the final logistic regression, neonatal mortality was associated with extreme prematurity regardless of underweight, leukopenia and/or need for neonatal resuscitation. CONCLUSIONS: Children of mothers with HELLP syndrome have a high mortality associated with extreme prematurity, independent of the presence of leukopenia, low weight for gestational age and need for neonatal resuscitation.

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