ABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Palliative Care/methods , Palliative Care , Organizations , Pain/epidemiology , Pain/history , Palliative Care/organization & administration , Pain/therapy , Analgesics/history , Analgesics/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Los cuidados paliativos (CP) y el tratamiento del dolor (TD) son elementos esenciales para mejorar o mantener la calidad de vida de muchos enfermos afectados por procesos incurables, crónicos o terminales. Su necesidad se acentúa en países con bajos y medianos recursos donde la incidencia del cáncer y de otras enfermedades como el sida va en aumento con una alta proporción de pacientes diagnosticados en fase avanzada y con un muy difícil acceso a un CP o TD adecuado a pesar de que son la única alternativa realista y humana al abandono que sufren la gran mayoría de estos enfermos. Además el perfil epidemiológico de muchos países del sur está cambiando con un aumento de enfermedades crónicas y el acceso a niveles más altos de cobertura de antirretrovirales. Para modificar esta situación, los CP y el TD deben ser incorporados por los gobiernos a sus sistemas de salud. Es también necesario que estos sean considerados una forma más de cooperación internacional. Se revisan diversos aspectos para una mayor colaboración sanitaria española en este campo con Latinoamérica y África y se sugieren vías para hacerlo a distintos niveles institucionales y asociativos (AU)
Palliative Care (PC) and pain management (PM) are key elements for improved or sustained quality of life in many patients suffering from incurable, chronic, or end-stage conditions. Their need is more critical in low- and mid-resource countries where the incidence of cancer and other diseases such as AIDS is on the rise, with a high percentage of patients diagnosed in advanced stages, and with a difficult access to adequate PC and PM despite they are the only realistic, humane option to relieve the high levels of neglect seen in a great majority of these individuals. Also, the epidemiological profile of many Southern countries is changing, with an increase in chronic conditions and access to higher antiretroviral coverage levels. To modify this situation PC and PM must be incorporated by governments into their healthcare systems. It is also necessary that PC and PM be considered an additional means of international cooperation. The various aspects required for greater Spanish cooperation with LatinAmerica and Africa in this field are reviewed, and ways towards this end are suggested at various institutional and associational levels (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Palliative Care/methods , International Cooperation , Pain/therapyABSTRACT
Los cuidados paliativos (CP) y el tratamiento del dolor (TD) son elementos esenciales para mejorar o mantener la calidad de vida de muchos enfermos afectados por procesos incurables, crónicos o terminales. Su necesidad se acentúa en países con bajos y medianos recursos donde la incidencia del cáncer y de otras enfermedades como el sida va en aumento, con una alta proporción de pacientes diagnosticados en fase avanzada y con un muy difícil acceso a unos CP o TD adecuados, a pesar de que son la única alternativa realista y humana al abandono que sufren la gran mayoría de estos enfermos. Además el perfil epidemiológico de muchos países del sur está cambiando con un aumento de enfermedades crónicas y el acceso a niveles más altos de cobertura de antirretrovirales. Para modificar esta situación, los gobiernos deben incorporar los CP y el TD en sus sistemas de salud. También es necesario que éstos se consideren una forma más de cooperación internacional. Se revisan diversos aspectos para una mayor colaboración sanitaria española en este campo con Latinoamérica y África, y se sugieren vías para hacerlo a distintos niveles institucionales y asociativos (AU)
Palliative care and pain treatment are essential to improve or maintain quality of life in many patients with incurable, chronic or terminal diseases. The need for palliative careis more pressing in countries with scarce or medium resources and where the incidence of cancer and other diseases such as AIDS is increasing. In these countries, a high proportion of patients are diagnosed in the advanced stage of the disease and access to appropriate palliative care and pain treatment is difficult, even though these options are the only realistic and human alternatives to the abandonment experienced by most of these patients. Moreover, the epidemiological profile of many southern countries is changing, with an increase of chronic diseases and access to higher levels of antiretroviral coverage. To modify this situation, governments should incorporate palliative care and pain treatment in their health systems and these options should also be seen as one more form of international cooperation. The present article reviews several factors required for greater healthcare collaboration between Spain and Latin America and Africa and suggests ways to achieve this collaboration through distinct institutions and associations (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Palliative Care/methods , Pain/drug therapy , Analgesia/trends , Analgesics/therapeutic use , International Cooperation , Neoplasms/complicationsABSTRACT
The present study analyzes the influence of the nutritional status on the functional capability of 11 institutionalized elderly living in Madrid (Spain). Nutritional status was evaluated by dietetic, anthropometric, hematological and biochemical data and functional status was evaluated considering adiposity, strength in hands and legs bent and stretched and flexibility. The most important nutritional problems that conditional functional wastages are obesity, hypercholesterolemia and protein and micronutrient deficiency. The adverse influence of obesity and hypercholesterolemia on the functional capacity of the elderly is shown by the inverse relationship between flexibility and strength in hands and legs with the adiposity degree, with the thickness of skin folds and the cholesterolemia. In reference to the diet's influence, there are positive correlations between food intake and most of the nutrients with hand and legs strength, and there are statistical significances for proteins, iron, zinc, magnesium and pyridoxine, and also for vitamin C, niacin, thiamin, folic acid and vitamin E. For blood values, the mayor correlation exists between functional parameters and iron, ferritin and vitamin C levels. Our results contribute to confirm the influence of nutrition on the functional capacity of the influence of nutrition on the functional capacity of the elderly and manifest the necessity of improving the elderly's diet, to prevent micronutrient deficiency and also the necessity of increasing their physical activity. Both measures will mean an important help for sanitary and functional improvement of the elderly.
