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1.
Actas urol. esp ; 47(3): 127-139, abr. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-218402

ABSTRACT

Contexto y objetivo El cáncer de próstata (CP) es la neoplasia maligna con mayor incidencia a nivel mundial después del cáncer de pulmón. El objetivo de este estudio es revisar la literatura para conocer qué métodos permiten mejorar la eficacia de la estrategia actual de diagnóstico precoz del CP clínicamente significativo (csCP), basada en la realización de la resonancia magnética (RM) y biopsias dirigidas cuando se detectan lesiones sospechosas, además de la biopsia sistemática. Adquisición de la evidencia Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura en PubMed, Web of Science y Cochrane según los criterios Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), utilizando los términos de búsqueda: RM multiparamétrica, RM biparamétrica, densidad de antígeno prostático específico (PSA), prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3), Prostate Health Index (PHI), 4 K score, cáncer de próstata, diagnóstico precoz. Se identificaron 297 referencias y, a través de los criterios de selección Participants, Interventions, Comparisons and Outcomes (PICO), se seleccionaron 21 publicaciones para sintetizar la evidencia. Síntesis de la evidencia Con la consolidación de la RM como prueba de elección el diagnóstico del CP, la densidad de PSA (DPSA) es una herramienta de gran importancia incluyéndose en nomogramas predictores, sin coste añadido. La PSAD y los biomarcadores, en asociación con la RM, ofrecen un poder diagnóstico elevado con un área bajo la curva (ABC) por encima del 0,7. Únicamente, el modelo SHTLM3 integra biomarcadores en la elaboración de un nomograma. Los modelos predictores ofrecen una eficacia constante en las diferentes series, con un ABC superior a 0,8 en asociación con la RM. Conclusiones La eficacia de la RM, para diagnosticar el csCP, se puede mejorar con diferentes parámetros con el objetivo de generar modelos predictivos que apoyen la toma de decisiones (AU)


Background and Objective Prostate cancer (PC) is the malignant neoplasm with the highest incidence after lung cancer worldwide. The objective of this study is to review the literature on the methods that improve the efficacy of the current strategy for the early diagnosis of clinically significant PC (csPC), based on the performance of magnetic resonance imaging (RM) and targeted biopsies when suspicious lesions are detected, in addition to systematic biopsy. Evidence acquisition A systematic literature review was performed in PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane according to the PRISMA criteria (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), using the search terms: multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, biparametric magnetic resonance imaging, biomarkers in prostate cancer, prostate cancer y early diagnosis. A total of 297 references were identified and, using the PICO selection criteria, 21 publications were finally selected to synthesize the evidence. Evidence synthesis With the consolidation of MRI as the test of choice for the diagnosis of prostate cancer, the role of PSA density (PSAD) becomes relevant as a predictive tool included in prediction nomograms, without added cost. PSAD and diagnostic markers, combined with MRI, offer a high diagnostic power with an area under curve (AUC) above 0,7. Only the SHTLM3 model integrates markers in the creation of a nomogram. Prediction models also offer consistent efficacy with an AUC greater than 0,8 when associating MRI. Conclusions The efficacy of MRI in clinically significant prostate cancer detection can be improved with different parameters in order to generate predictive models that support decision making (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Early Detection of Cancer , Sensitivity and Specificity
2.
Actas Urol Esp (Engl Ed) ; 47(3): 127-139, 2023 04.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36462603

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Prostate cancer (PC) is the malignant neoplasm with the highest incidence after lung cancer worldwide. The objective of this study is to review the literature on the methods that improve the efficacy of the current strategy for the early diagnosis of clinically significant PC (csPC), based on the performance of magnetic resonance imaging (RM) and targeted biopsies when suspicious lesions are detected, in addition to systematic biopsy. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A systematic literature review was performed in PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane according to the PRISMA criteria (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), using the search terms: multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, biparametric magnetic resonance imaging, biomarkers in prostate cancer, prostate cancer y early diagnosis. A total of 297 references were identified and, using the PICO selection criteria, 21 publications were finally selected to synthesize the evidence. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: With the consolidation of MRI as the test of choice for the diagnosis of prostate cancer, the role of PSA density (PSAD) becomes relevant as a predictive tool included in prediction nomograms, without added cost. PSAD and diagnostic markers, combined with MRI, offer a high diagnostic power with an area under curve (AUC) above 0.7. Only the SHTLM3 model integrates markers in the creation of a nomogram. Prediction models also offer consistent efficacy with an AUC greater than 0.8 when associating MRI. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of MRI in clinically significant prostate cancer detection can be improved with different parameters in order to generate predictive models that support decision making.


Subject(s)
Image-Guided Biopsy , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Prostatic Neoplasms , Humans , Male , Early Detection of Cancer , Image-Guided Biopsy/methods , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
3.
Rev Neurol ; 43(12): 719-23, 2006.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17160921

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon is one of the most frequent complaints in aging, especially with reference to the proper names retrieval. Previous experimental studies focussed on comparing extreme age groups and they used strategic search paradigms that impede the processing knowledge. AIMS: To analyze TOT frequency and resolution in the normal process of aging. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 140 participants aged from 19 to 82 performed an experiment of production of famous people' names from their definitions, and 36 participants aged from 20 to 80 performed other similar experiment from pictures. Data were analyzed using a linear general model with vocabulary level and processing speed as covariables. RESULTS: Adults aged from 50 produced more TOTs than young adults and the TOTs' increase was higher in adults from 70 years independently of their vocabulary level. Older adults resolved fewer TOTs than young adults but phonological priming improved TOTs resolution. CONCLUSION: Aging weakens activation in the proper names retrieval process but phonological priming increases the activation and improves lexical access.


Subject(s)
Aging/psychology , Memory Disorders/physiopathology , Mental Recall/physiology , Names , Acoustic Stimulation , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cues , Face , Female , Humans , Male , Memory Disorders/psychology , Middle Aged , Verbal Behavior
4.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 43(12): 719-723, 16 dic., 2006. tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-052097

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El fenómeno de la punta de la lengua (PDL)es una de las quejas subjetivas de memoria más frecuentes en laspersonas mayores, especialmente con relación a los nombres propios.Los estudios experimentales previos se han centrado en lacomparación de grupos de edad extremos y han utilizado paradigmasde búsqueda estratégica que impiden conocer bien el proceso.Objetivo. Analizar la incidencia y resolución de la PDL en nombrespropios en el proceso normal de envejecimiento. Sujetos ymétodos. 140 participantes con edades comprendidas entre 19 y 82años realizaron un experimento de evocación de nombres de personajesfamosos a partir de definiciones y otros 36 participantes de20 a 80 años realizaron un experimento parecido a partir de fotografías.Se incorporaron tareas de evocación libre de palabras y defacilitación fonológica. Los datos se analizaron con un modelo linealgeneral, introduciendo como covariables el nivel de vocabularioy la velocidad de procesamiento. Resultados. A partir de los 50años, los adultos producen más PDL en los nombres propios quelos jóvenes, siendo mayor este incremento a partir de los 70 años.El incremento de PDL es independiente del nivel de vocabulario.Los mayores tienen más dificultades para resolver los PDL que losjóvenes. La facilitación fonológica parece ayudarlos en la resolución.Conclusión. El envejecimiento debilita el proceso de activaciónnecesario para la recuperación de los nombres propios, perola presentación de facilitadores fonológicos contribuye a mejorarel nivel de activación


Introduction. The tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon is one of the most frequent complaints in aging, especiallywith reference to the proper names retrieval. Previous experimental studies focussed on comparing extreme age groups andthey used strategic search paradigms that impede the processing knowledge. Aims. To analyze TOT frequency and resolutionin the normal process of aging. Subjects and methods. 140 participants aged from 19 to 82 performed an experiment ofproduction of famous people’ names from their definitions, and 36 participants aged from 20 to 80 performed other similarexperiment from pictures. Data were analyzed using a linear general model with vocabulary level and processing speed ascovariables. Results. Adults aged from 50 produced more TOTs than young adults and the TOTs’ increase was higher in adultsfrom 70 years independently of their vocabulary level. Older adults resolved fewer TOTs than young adults but phonologicalpriming improved TOTs resolution. Conclusion. Aging weakens activation in the proper names retrieval process but phonologicalpriming increases the activation and improves lexical access


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Humans , Aging/psychology , Memory Disorders/physiopathology , Mental Recall/physiology , Names , Cues , Face , Memory Disorders/psychology , Acoustic Stimulation , Verbal Behavior
7.
Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor ; 10(6): 341-348, ago. 2003. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-33003

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: La monitorización del indice biespectral (BIS) durante la anestesia total intravenosa (ATIV) suele conllevar una disminución de la administración dé propofol cuando se compara con la dosificación estándar. Este hecho puede asociarse con el incremento de las necesidades intraoperatorias de opioides. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar si estas circunstancias pueden influir, y en qué medida, sobre los requerimientos de analgesia postoperatoria. Material y métodos: Ensayo controlado, aleatorizado y parcialmente doble ciego en 40 pacientes ASA I y II sometidas a cirugía mayor ginecológica bajo ATIV. En el grupo BIS la administración de propofol fue dirigida por las variaciones de este indice, mientras que en el grupo control se realizó según una dosificación estándar. En ambos grupos el fentanilo se administró según las respuestas hemodinámicas. La analgesia postoperatoria consistió en tramado! y metamizol i.v. mediante PCA, con morfina de rescate. Los dos grupos de tratamiento se compararon en cuanto a vaviables relativas a la analgesia y el dolor postoperatorio de las primeras 24 horas. Resultados: Una paciente fue excluida. El grupo BIS (n=17) recibió menos propofol y más fentanilo que el grupo control (n=22) (429 mg frente 630 mg y 620 microg frente a 544 microg, respectivamente; p<0,0001) y también recuperó antes la ,consciencia (7,5 min frente a 10,5 min, p<0,003). No se observaron diferencias significativas en cuanto al inicio de la analgesia postoperatoria, el consumo de fármacos ni los efectos secundarios. La valoración del dolor y la satisfacción con su tratamiento fue similar en ambos grupos de pacientes. Las pacientes del grupo control, no obstante, fueron más precozmente dadas de alta de la URPA (115 min frente a 159 min, p=0,04).Conclusiones: En las condiciones referidas en este estudio la monitorización BIS durante la anestesia, y con ella las variaciones inducidas` en la administración de propofol y fentanilo, no influyeron significativamente sobre la analgesia postoperatoria (AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy , Analgesia/methods , Analgesia , Tramadol/administration & dosage , Tramadol/therapeutic use , Dipyrone/administration & dosage , Dipyrone/therapeutic use , Midazolam/administration & dosage , Midazolam/therapeutic use , Prospective Studies , Drug Monitoring/methods , Drug Monitoring , Clinical Protocols , Analysis of Variance , Propofol/administration & dosage , Propofol/therapeutic use , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Fentanyl/administration & dosage , Fentanyl/therapeutic use
8.
Rev Neurol ; 36(11): 1044-6, 2003.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12808501

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Progressive encephalopathy with oedema, hypsarrhythmia and optic atrophy (PEHO syndrome) is a pathological process that begins in the first months of life and quickly leads to a very serious encephalopathy. We report the case of an infant suffering from PEHO syndrome and discuss its pathogenesis. CASE REPORT: A 4 year old male, the son of parents who were not blood related, with no pre or perinatal background of interest, who, from the first month, was seen to have a moderate retardation in psychomotor development and generalised hypotonia. These clinical signs increased progressively over the next months. From the age of 6 months onwards infantile spasms were observed, together with an EEG displaying hypsarrhythmic characteristics, slight facial oedema as well as in the hands, abnormal ocular movements and loss of vision with optic atrophy. In the neuroimaging serial studies, MRI showed a progressive atrophy of the brain stem and the cerebellum associated with cortical atrophy, hypoplasia of the corpus callosum and retarded myelination. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of PEHO syndrome is essentially clinical with the help of neuroimaging, since there is no biological or genetic marker. The case described fulfils the criteria required for diagnosis of PEHO syndrome. The existence of cases in the family suggests that PEHO syndrome is due to a genetically based neurodevelopmental disorder. To our knowledge this is the first case reported in Spain.


Subject(s)
Brain Damage, Chronic/physiopathology , Edema/physiopathology , Optic Atrophy/physiopathology , Spasms, Infantile/physiopathology , Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis , Abnormalities, Multiple/pathology , Abnormalities, Multiple/physiopathology , Brain Damage, Chronic/diagnosis , Brain Damage, Chronic/pathology , Child, Preschool , Edema/pathology , Humans , Infant , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Neurodegenerative Diseases/diagnosis , Neurodegenerative Diseases/pathology , Neurodegenerative Diseases/physiopathology , Optic Atrophy/pathology , Syndrome
9.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 36(11): 1044-1046, 1 jun., 2003.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-27651

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La encefalopatía progresiva con edema, hipsarritmia y atrofia óptica (síndrome PEHO) es un proceso patológico que se inicia en los primeros meses de la vida y conduce rápidamente a una encefalopatía muy grave. Se aporta el caso de un niño afectado de un síndrome PEHO y se discute su patogenia. Caso clínico. Varón de 4 años de edad, hijo de padres no consanguíneos, sin antecedentes prenatales y perinatales de interés, en el que se aprecia desde el primer mes un leve retraso en el desarrollo psicomotor e hipotonía generalizada, signos clínicos que se incrementan progresivamente en los meses siguientes. A partir de los 6 meses se observan espasmos infantiles, EEG de características hipsarrítmicas, ligero edema facial y de manos, movimientos oculares anormales y pérdida de visión con atrofia óptica. En los estudios seriados de neuroimagen, la RM muestra una atrofia progresiva del tronco cerebral y el cerebelo asociada a atrofia cortical, hipoplasia del cuerpo calloso y retraso en la mielinización. Conclusiones. El diagnóstico del síndrome PEHO es esencialmente clínico y de neuroimagen, ya que no existe ningún marcador biológico o genético. El caso presentado reúne los criterios exigibles para diagnosticarse de síndrome PEHO. La existencia de casos familiares sugiere que el síndrome PEHO se debe a un trastorno del neurodesarrollo de base genética.Según nuestro conocimiento, es el primer caso aportado en España (AU)


No disponible


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Male , Infant , Humans , Spasms, Infantile , Syndrome , Neurodegenerative Diseases , Stroke , Intracranial Aneurysm , Abnormalities, Multiple , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Edema , Optic Atrophy , Brain Injury, Chronic , Brain Ischemia
11.
An Esp Pediatr ; 55(4): 315-20, 2001 Oct.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11578538

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological and clinical features of pneumococcal meningitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 53 cases of pneumococcal meningitis that occurred in 47 pediatric patients in our hospital between 1977 and 2000. Four children had recurrent meningitis. In all patients Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid culture. The epidemiological, bacteriological and clinical characteristics were studied. RESULTS: Pneumococcal meningitis represented 6 % of bacterial meningitis in our environment with 2-3 cases registered per year. Seventy-two percent of cases occurred in winter and spring. The age of affected children was between 1 month and 13 years. Sixty-five percent of children older than 2 years had a predisposing disease. Penicillin-resistant strains were detected in 1990 and cefotaxime-resistant strains were isolated in 1994. Seven children (13 %) had severe neurological sequels and two (4 %) died. CONCLUSIONS: Pneumococcal meningitis produces higher morbidity and mortality than other types of bacterial meningitis. The disease usually affects children younger than 2 years and older children with a predisposing disease. In the last few years, the importance of pneumococcal meningitis has increased due to the lower incidence of other types of bacterial meningitis. Because of beta-lactam resistant strains, initial empirical treatment should include vancomycin. The above data suggest the advisability of the generalized use of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the pediatric population in our environment.


Subject(s)
Meningitis, Pneumococcal , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Meningitis, Pneumococcal/diagnosis , Meningitis, Pneumococcal/epidemiology , Meningitis, Pneumococcal/microbiology , Retrospective Studies
12.
An. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr) ; 55(4): 315-320, oct. 2001.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-1851

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Analizar y determinar las características epidemiológicas, bacteriológicas y clínicas de la meningitis neumocócica en nuestra población infantil. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de 53 casos de meningitis por neumococo, diagnosticados en 47 niños, entre enero de 1977 y diciembre de 2000. Cuatro niños padecieron meningitis recurrente. En todos los casos se aisló el germen en cultivo de líquido cefalorraquídeo. Se analizaron los parámetros epidemiológicos, bacteriológicos y clínicos. Resultados: Constituyen el 6% de las meningitis bacterianas en nuestro medio, registrándose entre 2 y 3 casos por año. Durante los meses de invierno y primavera se producen el 72% de los casos. La edad osciló entre 1 mes y 13 años. El 65% de los mayores de 2 años tenía alguna enfermedad de base predisponente. Los síntomas y signos clínicos más frecuentes fueron: fiebre alta, afectación del nivel de conciencia y vómitos. A partir de 1990 se detectan cepas resistentes a penicilina y a partir de 1994 a cefotaxima. Quedaron con secuelas neurológicas graves 7 niños (13%) y fallecieron 2 (4%). Conclusiones: La meningitis neumocócica tiene mayor morbimortalidad que otras meningitis bacterianas. Suele afectar a niños menores de 2 años y a niños mayores con enfermedad predisponente. En los últimos años está adquiriendo mayor importancia debido a la menor incidencia de otras meningitis bacterianas. El tratamiento empírico inicial debe incluir vancomicina, dada la existencia de cepas resistentes a antibióticos betalactámicos. Todas estas circunstancias justifican que se plantee el uso generalizado de la nueva vacuna conjugada heptavalente en la población infantil (AU)


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Male , Infant , Female , Humans , Meningitis, Pneumococcal , Retrospective Studies
13.
Pediatr Neurol ; 24(5): 390-2, 2001 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11516618

ABSTRACT

Primary malignant melanoma of the leptomeninges is a rare and aggressive tumor in children and accounts for less than 1% of all pediatric malignancies. Usually its symptoms include raised intracraneal pressure resulting from hydrocephalus secondary to tumoral obliteration of basal cisterns, but the passage of time from the initial symptomatology to diagnosis is frequently delayed. A 7-year-old male with primary leptomeningeal melanoma is reported. At the beginning, he presented ataxia and dysarthria followed by symptoms of raised intracranial pressure, complex partial seizures, progressive loss of consciousness, and coma. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis demonstrated raised opening pressure, normal glucose, and increased protein concentration, but malignant melanoma cells were not found. Magnetic resonance imaging scans depicted bright signals in the subarachnoid spaces on T(1) images and gadolinium-enhanced focal lesions. Cerebral biopsy was proposed, but it was not authorized. Definitive diagnosis was thus made by pathologic postmortem examination.


Subject(s)
Melanoma/diagnosis , Meningeal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Brain/pathology , Child , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Melanoma/pathology , Meningeal Neoplasms/pathology , Meninges/pathology
14.
An Esp Pediatr ; 54(3): 222-7, 2001 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11262248

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To analyze clinical onset and other epidemiological findings in a group of children diagnosed with thoracic neuroblastoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed 46 non-metastatic thoracic neuroblastomas diagnosed and treated from January 1984 to December 1998 at the Pediatric Oncology Unit. Abdominal neuroblastomas were excluded. RESULTS: Mean age was 2 years and 5 months (range, 0-12 years). Eighty-five percent of the patients were infants (aged less than 1 year). Neuroblastoma was more frequent in males than in females. Fifty-seven percent of the patients were symptomatic and 43% were asymptomatic. The most frequent clinical findings were cough (18%) and palpable tumor or adenopathy (9%). Mean lag-time to diagnosis was 10 weeks in symptomatic patients. Thoracic x-ray was the most useful diagnostic method (89%). Previous family history of neoplasias was present in 26%. Four patients (9%) had personal antecedents of other diseases. At the time of the study the event-free survival for the 46patients was 90% at 5 years (1-14 years). CONCLUSIONS: Thoracic neuroblastoma was more prevalent in male infants aged less than 6months. Most symptomatic patients were diagnosed in the 2first months after onset, and asymptomatic cases were common. The most frequent symptom was cough and most of the patients were diagnosed by thoracic x-ray.


Subject(s)
Neuroblastoma/diagnosis , Thoracic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Neuroblastoma/epidemiology , Thoracic Neoplasms/epidemiology
15.
An. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr) ; 54(3): 222-227, mar. 2001.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-1992

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Evaluar los síntomas de inicio de un grupo de niños diagnosticados de neuroblastoma torácico, así como otras variables epidemiológicas. Pacientes y métodos: Se han revisado 46 casos de neuroblastoma intratorácico diagnosticados y tratados en la unidad de oncología pediátrica desde enero de 1984 a diciembre de 1998. Se excluyeron los neuroblastomas con extensión abdominal. Resultados: La edad media de los pacientes fue de 2 años y 5 meses (límites, 0-12años). El grupo de edad más frecuente fue el de lactantes (85%). El porcentaje de niños fue superior al de niñas. El 57% de los casos presentaban algún síntoma inicial, frente al 43% que se diagnosticaron de forma casual. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron la tos (18%) y la presencia de tumor o adenopatía palpable (9%). El período medio de latencia al diagnóstico en los casos sintomáticos fue de 10 semanas. El método diagnóstico más empleado fue la radiografía de tórax (89%). El 9% tenían antecedentes personales de otras enfermedades y en el 26% había antecedentes familiares de enfermedad tumoral. La tasa de supervivencia libre de enfermedad se sitúa en el 90% a los 5años. Conclusiones: El neuroblastoma torácico predomina en varones menores de 6 meses. Habitualmente se diagnostica en los primeros 2 meses de iniciados los síntomas en los casos sintomáticos, si bien una gran parte de ellos son asintomáticos por tratarse de hallazgos casuales. El síntoma más frecuente es la tos y la primera prueba diagnóstica es la radiografía torácica en la mayor parte de los casos (AU)


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Child , Male , Infant , Female , Humans , Neuroblastoma , Thoracic Neoplasms
17.
Am J Ment Retard ; 92(4): 385-92, 1988 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3342142

ABSTRACT

In a cross-sectional epidemiological study of mentally retarded persons registered in the diagnosis and therapeutic guidance centers administered by the Galician authorities, 13,636 retarded persons were identified, 9,357 of whom were severely retarded (IQ less than 50). These figures correspond to prevalence rates of 4.95 and 3.40 per 1,000, respectively. The registered retarded population was categorized by age group when diagnosed, age group on January 1, 1983, sex, level of retardation, etiological diagnosis, associated disorders, family standard of living, schooling, and educational aid received. The results, including prevalence rates, where appropriate, were compared with those reported for other countries.


Subject(s)
Intellectual Disability/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Education of Intellectually Disabled , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Intellectual Disability/etiology , Male , Middle Aged , Social Class , Spain
18.
Int J Epidemiol ; 16(1): 52-6, 1987 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3570622

ABSTRACT

The influence of habitat on the frequency and characteristics of mental handicap in Galicia (NW Spain) has been studied by means of a survey of registered mentally handicapped people. Higher prevalence is observed in rural, inland, mountainous, isolated and socioeconomically and culturally depressed areas with low population density, high migration rates and a high degree of endogamy. In these areas the prevalence of severe deficiency among the mentally handicapped is also higher due to CNS infections, cranial traumatisms and goitre and to the infrequent use of birth control methods. The expectation of rehabilitation in these areas is nil, though in some cases occupational adaptation is possible.


Subject(s)
Intellectual Disability/epidemiology , Humans , Intellectual Disability/etiology , Rural Population , Socioeconomic Factors , Spain , Urban Population
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