ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Chronic exercise has been shown to have therapeutic effects in panic disorder (PD). The mechanism of these effects is unknown. Acute exercise reduces the effect of a panic challenge in healthy volunteers. Such an effect has not yet been demonstrated in PD patients. The present study aimed at exploring the antipanic effects of acute exercise on a 35% CO2 panic provocation in treatment-naïve PD patients to further elucidate the mechanisms of the beneficial effects of exercise on panic. METHODS: Eighteen PD patients performed either moderate/hard exercise or very-light exercise before a 35% CO2 challenge in a randomized, between-group design. The reactivity to CO2 was assessed with the Visual Analogue Anxiety Scale and the DSM-IV Panic Symptom List. RESULTS: Panic reactions to CO2 were smaller in patients that performed moderate/hard exercise in contrast to those that performed very-light exercise. Increments in both measurements and panic rates were consistently reduced by intense exercise. LIMITATIONS: Since this study focuses on the acute effects of exercise on CO2 sensitivity in patients with PD, the results of repetitive exercise sessions on the rate of spontaneous panic attacks and overall symptoms are warranted. The small sample size and other limitations are addressed. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise reduced the panicogenic effects of a CO2 challenge. In addition to its therapeutic potential, exercise may also be useful as a laboratory maneuver with heuristic value in experimental research into the mechanisms of antipanic treatment.
Subject(s)
Carbon Dioxide/administration & dosage , Exercise/physiology , Panic Disorder/chemically induced , Panic Disorder/prevention & control , Adult , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Exercise Therapy/methods , Female , Humans , Lactates/blood , Male , Panic Disorder/blood , Physical Exertion/physiology , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Este artículo delinea algunas de las principales contribuciones biológicas y psicológicas que buscan explicar el fenómeno de la violencia juvenil. Se analizan los factores genéticos bajo los diferentes estudios de adopción, gemelos y familiares, así como los genes relacionados con la violencia. Se analiza el tópico de los neurotransmisores, especialmente los hallazgos relacionados con la serotonina. Al considerar los factores extrínsecos se subra-yan los elementos relacionados con la violencia y el abuso físico y sexual además de la asociación con el consumo de alcohol y drogas. Se analiza de forma resumida lo concerniente a los me-dios de comunicación y la violencia. El artículo finaliza con una descripción de los tratamientos de la violencia desde una pers-pectiva farmacológica y psicoterapéutica. [Díaz JL, de la Peña F, Suárez JA, Palacios L. Perspectiva actual de la violencia juvenil. MedUNAB 2004; 7:115-24]
Youth violence: An update. In this article we try to summarize the principal concepts around the biological and psychological contributions that explain the juvenile violence. In the genetic part we talk about adoption, twins studies and the genes that had been related with violence. In the area of neurotransmitters we selective talk about serotonine. We outline the relationship between sexual y physical abuse with violence and the link of those that consume alcohol and drugs with violence conducts. We also briefly view the roll of TV and radio with juvenile violence. Finally the article describes the different kinds of treatment of violence
Subject(s)
Humans , Violence , Adolescent , Adolescent Behavior , CrimeABSTRACT
Se ha estimado que cerca del 5 por ciento de los suicidios ocurren dentro de las instituciones psiquiátricas. Este reporte describe dos casos de suicidio en un hospital psiquiátrico, los cuales ilustran, por un lado, las características de riesgo suicida en el paciente psi-quiátrico hospitalizado, y por otro, las limitaciones que aún impiden evitar el suicidio. La ocurrencia de suicidios dentro de los hospitales obedece a que se trata de una conducta con una frecuencia de pre-sentación muy baja y a la poca especificidad de la evaluación clínica del riesgo suicida. No obstante, la hospitalización en instituciones psiquiátricas evita muchos más intentos suicidas y suicidios fuera de ella que los que en su interior pueden ocurrir. [Jiménez A, Ibarra C, Peñalosa L, Díaz JL. El suicidio en instituciones psiquiátricas: descripcion de dos casos. MedUNAB 2004; 7:140-3]
Suicidal attempts in psychiatric institutions: a report of two cases. It has been estimated that 5% of suicides occur inside of the psychiatric institutions. This report describes two cases of suicide inside of a psychiatric hospital which illustrate, on one hand, the characteris-tics of suicidal risk among psychiatric inpatients, and on the other hand, the limitations, we may have, to prevent suicide. The rate of suicides inside psychiatric hospitals are explained by the very low presentation of this behavior, among patients and the poor speci-ficity for suicidal risk, that may provide the clinical evaluation with standard clinical criteria . Nevertheless, hospitalization in psychiatric institutions avoids more suicide attempts and suicides than those are committed inside of them
