ABSTRACT
In Mexico, very few studies have been published on dual disorders (DD) at specialized treatment centers describing actual treatment needs and even fewer have been undertaken at addiction treatment centers in the public system. The objective of this study was therefore to analyze DD and other clinical characteristics in people seeking treatment at outpatient addiction centers in the public system.
Subject(s)
Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Substance Abuse Treatment Centers/statistics & numerical data , Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry) , Female , Humans , Linear Models , Male , Mental Disorders/psychology , Mental Disorders/therapy , Mexico/epidemiology , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology , Substance-Related Disorders/therapy , Young AdultABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: En México son pocos los estudios publicados sobre la patología dual (PD) en centros de tratamiento especializados que describan las necesidades reales de tratamiento y menos aún que se hayan realizado en centros de tratamiento de adicciones del sistema público. Por esto, el objetivo de presente estudio fue analizar la PD y otras características clínicas en personas que buscan tratamiento en centros ambulatorios de adicciones del sistema público. MÉTODO: Estudio transversal multisede. Se analizó una muestra de 148 pacientes de centros de tratamiento. Se evaluaron trastornos psiquiátricos con la Mini Entrevista Neuropsiquiátrica Internacional, conductas sexuales de riesgo con la Escala de Comportamiento de Riesgo de VIH, consumo de drogas inyectables, y la calidad de vida con el Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida. Se realizaron análisis univariados mediante chi cuadrado para determinar diferencias estadísticas entre personas con y sin PD, así como regresión lineal para calidad de vida y regresión logística binomial para determinar el riesgo para presentar consumo de drogas inyectables, uso de condón y conducta suicida. RESULTADOS: La cocaína fue la droga de impacto con mayor prevalencia (33.8%). El grupo de personas con trastorno por consumo de alcohol + trastorno por consumo de drogas presentó mayor comorbilidad con el trastorno depresivo mayor (25.7%), trastorno antisocial (27.7%), déficit de atención (11.5%) e intento suicida (17.6%). El grupo con PD presentó mayor consumo de drogas inyectables (OR= 1.67), no uso de condón con pareja primaria (OR= 3.66), más intentos de suicidio (OR= 4.2) y una menor calidad de vida en comparación con aquellos sin PD. CONCLUSIÓN: Caracterizar a los pacientes con PD, permite identificar con precisión sus necesidades de tratamiento y desarrollar programas de mejora continua para optimizar los recursos y mejorar el éxito de la atención
INTRODUCTION: In Mexico, very few studies have been published on dual disorders (DD) at specialized treatment centers describing actual treatment needs and even fewer have been undertaken at addiction treatment centers in the public system. The objective of this study was therefore to analyze DD and other clinical characteristics in people seeking treatment at outpatient addiction centers in the public system. Method. Cross-sectional multi-site study. A sample of 148 patients from treatment centers was analyzed. Psychiatric disorders were evaluated with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, risky sexual behaviors with the HIV Risk Behavior Scale, injection drug use, and quality of life with the Quality of Life Questionnaire. Univariate chi-square analyses were performed to determine statistical differences between subjects with and without DD, while linear regression was used to calculate quality of life and binomial logistic regression to determine the risk of injection drug use, condom use, and suicidal behavior. RESULTS: Cocaine was the impact drug with the highest prevalence (33.8%). The group of subjects with alcohol use disorder + drug use disorder presented greater comorbidity with major depressive disorder (25.7%), antisocial disorder (27.7%), attention deficit (11.5%) and suicide attempt (17.6%). The group with DD presented higher injection drug use (OR = 1.67), non-use of condoms with a primary partner (OR = 3.66), more suicide attempts (OR = 4.2) and lower quality of life than those without DD. CONCLUSION: Characterizing patients with DD enables the accurate identification of their treatment needs and the development of continuous improvement programs to optimize resources and improve the success of care
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Dissociative Identity Disorder/epidemiology , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Socioeconomic Factors , Dissociative Identity Disorder/therapy , Surveys and Questionnaires , Quality of Life , Sexual Behavior , Mental Status and Dementia Tests , Mexico/epidemiology , Suicide, Attempted/psychology , Risk-TakingABSTRACT
OBJETIVOS: Identificar factores psicosociales de riesgo de consumo de sustancias ilícitas en estudiantes mexicanos y ofrecer elementos para el diseño de programas de prevención. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal no experimental con una muestra de 516 estudiantes de secundaria y bachillerato de seis de las principales ciudades de México. Entre abril y junio de 2005 se aplicó una adaptación de la versión abreviada del Inventario de Tamizaje sobre el Consumo de Drogas (DUSI-R). El análisis comprendió ocho factores: abuso en el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas o drogas, malestar afectivo, bajo control conductual, baja adherencia escolar, baja competencia social, relaciones familiares disfuncionales, aislamiento social y pertenencia a redes sociales desviantes (cuyos integrantes consumen drogas y adoptan actitudes antisocia-les). Se identificaron factores de predicción del consumo de drogas ilícitas mediante regresión logística y se elaboró un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para determinar las relaciones entre los factores. RESULTADOS: Los factores de predicción del consumo de sustancias ilícitas fueron presentar un bajo control conductual con tendencia a actuar impulsivamente y con agresividad, estar vinculado con pares desviantes y estar expuesto con frecuencia a situaciones familiares de conflicto y violencia y al consumo de sustancias ilícitas y alcohol en el hogar. El modelo de ecuaciones estructurales indicó que el consumo de estas sustancias forma parte de un grupo de trastornos de ajuste conductual, determinado directamente por la vinculación con pares desviantes y por una mayor prevalencia de trastornos socioafectivos, e indirectamente por las relaciones familiares disfuncionales. CONCLUSIONES: Se confirmaron algunas implicaciones de los modelos teóricos propuestos para explicar el consumo de drogas. Estos elementos empíricamente sustentados pueden contribuir al diseño de programas preventivos, principalmente de tipos selectivo e indicado.
OBJECTIVES: To identify psychosocial risk factors for substance abuse among Mexican students and to offer elements for the design of prevention programs. METHODS: A cross-sectional, nonexperimental study of a sample of 516 high school students in six of Mexico's most important cities. From April-June 2005, a customized version of the Drug Use Screening Inventory (revised) (DUSI-R) was administered. The analysis comprised eight factors: alcohol and drug abuse, affective disorders, poor self-control, poor school adjustment, low social competence, dysfunctional family relationships, social isolation, and being part of a detrimental social network (whose members take drugs and have antisocial attitudes). Factors predictive for illicit drug use were found by logistical regression, and a structural equation model was designed to determine the relationships among the factors. RESULTS: The factors that predicted substance abuse were poor self-control with a tendency to act impulsively and aggressively; associating with troublemakers; and being frequently exposed to family conflicts, violence, and drug and/or alcohol use in the home. The structural equation model indicated that substance abuse is one of a group of disorders directly determined by associating with detrimental peers, and a higher rate of socioaffective disorders, and indirectly, by dysfunctional family relationships. CONCLUSIONS: Some of the suggestions made by theoretical models to explain substance abuse were confirmed. These empirically-supported elements can contribute to the design of prevention programs, especially those that are selective and recommended.
