ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem. The determinants of this deficiency have not been evaluated in developing countries such as Mexico. Thus, this study aimed to determine vitamin D intake and sun exposure and its relationship with plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D -25(OH)D- in young adults from Mexico City. METHODS: One hundred fifty five urban adult subjects were enrolled during 2017 and 2018. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, and clinical data, vitamin D intake, and sun exposure habits were collected. Plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D were also determined. RESULTS: The proportion of vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher in women than in men (65.7 vs. 43.4%, p = 0.012). The overall median dietary vitamin D intake was 112 IU/d (less than 20% of the recommended daily intake; RDI). 25-hydroxyvitamin D correlated directly with vitamin D intake, sun exposure score, waist-to-hip ratio, and age; an inverse significant association was found with body fat percentage. A multiple regression analysis was performed; simultaneous and significant (p <0.01) effects of sun exposure score, dietary vitamin D, the season of the year (spring-summer vs. fall-winter), and age were observed on 25(OH)D levels. CONCLUSION: High rates of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were observed in young adults from Mexico City. According to the RDI of this vitamin, its consumption, assessed by a 24 h multi-step nutritional questionnaire, was significantly low. A linear multiple regression model identified several predictors of plasma 25(OH)D concentrations. This multiple regression model was statistically validated.
Subject(s)
Sunlight , Vitamin D Deficiency , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Dietary Supplements , Mexico/epidemiology , Vitamin D , Vitamin D Deficiency/epidemiology , VitaminsABSTRACT
Resumen: Con la finalidad de explorar la relación entre estima corporal y ajuste psicológico, es importante contar con medidas válidas y confiables. En México no se cuenta con herramientas para evaluar la estima corporal, por lo que el propósito de este estudio fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Estima Corporal en mujeres (n = 304) y varones (n = 250) de 11 a 33 años. El análisis factorial exploratorio (ejes principales con rotación oblicua) derivó dos factores con consistencia interna adecuada para mujeres y hombres (α = 0.86 a 0.91). La estabilidad temporal de la escala y sus factores fue aceptable para las mujeres (α= 0.66 a 0.75); en cambio, para los hombres, el factor Atractivo Físico y Sexual obtuvo un índice por debajo de lo aceptable (α= 0.55). Solo en las mujeres, la estima corporal correlacionó con la autoestima, el índice de masa corporal y la masa grasa. La Escala de Estima Corporal es una medida prometedora para evaluar la estima corporal en mujeres mexicanas; sin embargo, la validez de constructo no fue del todo confirmada para varones. Se discuten las fortalezas y limitaciones metodológicas de este estudio, y la dirección de futuras investigaciones.
Abstract: To explore the relationship between body esteem and psychological adjustment it is important to have valid and reliable measures. However, in Mexico we do not have tools to assess body esteem. The purpose of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of Body Esteem Scale in females (n = 304) and males (n = 250), the age of participants ranged from 11 to 33 years. The principal axis analysis with oblique rotation derived dos factors with adequate internal consistency for women and men (α = 0.86 to 0.91). The temporal stability of the scale and their factors was acceptable for women (α = 0.66 a 0.75); however, for men, Physical and Sexual Attractiveness factor obtained a lower index than acceptable (α = 0.55). Finally, for women, body esteem correlated with self-esteem, body mass index and fat mass. Body Esteem Scale is a promising measure to assess body esteem in Mexican women; however, construct validity were not entirely confirmed for males. Methodological strengths and limitations of this study, as well as the direction of future research are discussed.
