ABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent disease in daily practice. Most General medical do not know how to make a proper diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of this disease. In addition, there were no studies, nor an instrument that measures the level of knowledge about NAFLD, so we found it necessary to conduct this research. OBJECTIVE: To design and validate a questionnaire to determine the level of knowledge of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in general practitioners in the districts of Chicago and La Victoria since January to August 2011. METHODS: We designed a questionnaire of 13 questions; we analyzed the content validity through expert assessment and construct validity using factor analysis. We assessed the reliability of the questionnaire examining the internal consistency by Cronbach's alpha method and test-retest reliability by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The pilot test was conducted, interviewing 15 general medical. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha of the questionnaire was 0.77. The value of Kaiser - Meyer-Olkin was 0.091 and Bartlett's sphericity test was 0.003, so we did not perform factor analysis, the intraclass correlation had a value of 77%. Also passing score for diagnosis was greater than 4.6 points and for treatment and prognosis than 4 points. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided an instrument with high reliability to measure the level of awareness of NAFLD in General Medical.
Subject(s)
Clinical Competence , Fatty Liver , General Practitioners/standards , Adult , Clinical Competence/statistics & numerical data , Fatty Liver/diagnosis , Fatty Liver/therapy , Female , General Practitioners/education , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Peru , Pilot Projects , Prognosis , Reproducibility of Results , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation, was measured in the plasma of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) having varying degrees of clinical symptoms and in control subjects. The 53 patients studied were divided in two groups based on their left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Group A consisted of 30 symptomatic patients with chronic CHF (NYHA classes II and III) and LVEF < 40%. Group B consisted of 23 asymptomatic patients with LVEF > 40%. Patients in group A (mean LVEF = 28) has a significantly greater history of myocardial infarction (88% vs 48%; p = 0.002) than those in group B. Group B patients and the controls had similar LVEFs (58.0 vs 62.1; p = 0.14). Neither patients in the CHF group nor group B patients showed correlation between MDA values and LVEF, unless control were included. Mean MDA concentrations in groups A (2.65 +/- 1.03 mumol/L) and B (2.1 +/- 0.7 mumol/L) were significantly higher than those in the control group (1.45 +/- 0.77 mumol/L; p < 0.05), supporting the hypothesis that the CHF state and underlying risk conditions appear to be associate with abnormal oxidative stress. Moreover, a significant correlation (r = 0.74; p = 0.0001) was found in group A patients between the MDA values and the duration in years (chronicity) of the CHF state.
