ABSTRACT
Introduction: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, irreversible and frequently fatal disease. Currently there are national and multinational registries in Europe, United States, Australia and China to better understand the magnitude of the problem and the characteristics of the IPF patients. However, there are no national or regional registries in Latin America, so the objective of this study was to carry out a Latin American registry that would allow the identification of IPF patients in our region. Methodology: A system consisting of 3 levels of control was designed, ensuring that patients met the diagnostic criteria for IPF according to international guidelines ATS/ERS/ALAT/JRS 2011. Demographic, clinical, serological, functional, tomographic, histological and treatment variables were recorded through a digital platform. Results: 761 IPF patients from 14 Latin American countries were included for analysis, 74.7% were male, with a mean age of 71.9+8.3 years. In general there was a long period of symptoms before definitive diagnosis (median 1 year). In functional tests, an average reduction of FVC (70.9%) and DLCO (53.7%) was detected. 72% received at least one antifibrotic drug (pirfenidone or nintedanib) and 11.2% of the patients had an acute exacerbation, of which 38 (45.2%) died from this cause. Conclusions: Like other registries, we found that there is difficulty in the recognition and excessive delay in the diagnosis of IPF in Latin America. Most of the patients in REFIPI received antifibrotics; these were well tolerated and associated with fewer adverse events than those reported in clinical trials. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/diagnosis , Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/drug therapy , Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/epidemiology , Latin America , Pyridones , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Community-acquired pneumonia is one of the five most prevalent causes of death worldwide; in Mexico, it accounts for more than 10% of the hospital admissions. OBJECTIVE: To identify the risk factors and the kind of family functionality associated to community-acquired pneumonia among adult patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: With the prior authorization of the research and bioethics committees, a study of cases and controls took place, where both groups were asked about the following variables: alcohol consumption or active smoking, conditions of house and family functionality, anti-flu and anti-pneumococcal vaccination, disablement, and chronic pulmonary disease, among others. RESULTS: It was found that the significant variables were active smoking, disablement, pulmonary emphysema, chronic bronchitis, overcrowding at home, and alcohol consumption; and with a protective effect for this disease: a functional family and anti-pneumococcal vaccination. CONCLUSION: There are risk factors that predispose the development of community-acquired pneumonia, and that allow us to make a population profile in which some preventive strategy could diminish the frequency and lethality of this disease.
Subject(s)
Pneumonia/epidemiology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Case-Control Studies , Community-Acquired Infections/complications , Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pneumonia/complications , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Introducción: Se han descrito múltiples factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de la tuberculosis; uno recientemente conocido es la inmunosupresión secundaria al uso de infliximab, anticuerpo monoclonal quimérico antifactor de necrosis tumoral-α usado en enfermos con artritis reumatoide o espondilitis anquilosante refractarias a tratamiento y en enfermedad de Crohn fistulizante, entre otros, en los que se ha comunicado reactivación tuberculosa en Estados Unidos y Europa. Presentación de casos: En México sólo se conoce un caso. Presentamos dos más en enfermos con espondiloartropatías HLA-B27 refractarios a tratamiento modificador de la enfermedad. Uno en una mujer de 23 años, después de la segunda dosis de infliximab; otro en un hombre de 32 años, después de la quinta dosis, a la semana 22 de tratamiento. Ambos presentaron forma neumónica cavitada con buena respuesta al tratamiento antituberculoso acortado convencional y suspensión del infliximab. Discusión: La revisión bibliográfica incluye el impacto de los problemas: infliximab-reactivación tuberculosa y la epidemiología tuberculosa actual, medidas preventivas, controversias en detección, tratamiento y fisiopatología de la relación infliximab-reactivación tuberculosa para proponer medidas para su diagnóstico, vigilancia y manejo de nuevos casos aplicables en nuestro entorno.
Introduction: There are numerous risk factors for the development of tuberculosis (TB); one recently known is immunosupression produced by infliximab, a chimeric anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody used, amongst others, in rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and Crohn's disease; several cases of reactivation of pulmonary TB have been reported in the United States of America and Europe. Cases presentation: Only one case of reactivation of pulmonary TB has been reported in Mexico. We now present two more cases in patients with HLA-B27 spondyloarthropathy refractory to usual drug management; one occurred in a 23 year old woman after the second dose of infliximab; the other in a 32 year old male, after the fifth dose during the fifth month of treatment. Both developed a cavitating pneumonia, with complete resolution after standard outpatient TB chemotherapy and discontinuation of infliximab. Discussion: The bibliographic review includes the relationship between infliximab and reactivation of pulmonary TB, epidemiology of tuberculosis in Mexico, preventive measures, controversies in the detection, physiopathology and treatment suggestions for the early diagnosis and management in our socioeconomic environment.
