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1.
Rev Med Liege ; 76(5-6): 392-397, 2021 May.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34080369

ABSTRACT

The goal of this article is to emphasize the role of anatomopathology for the intratumoral detection of the immune checkpoint PD-L1. This molecule is one of the main targets in the anti-cancer immunotherapy. The binding of PD-L1 to its receptor PD-1 results in the inactivation of the cytotoxic T-cells, thus providing a mechanism of keeping immune reactions under control. This process can be circumvented by tumour cells to evade immune system. By blocking PD-1/PD-L1 binding, it is possible to reactivate T-cells targeting tumour neo-antigens. This article focuses on how PD-L1 works, on its implication in neoplastic processes, on the general principles of its therapeutic blockade, on the biomarkers underlying the treatment efficacy and on the practical implications of these biomarkers, especially in the anatomopathological practice.


Le but de cet article est de démontrer le rôle de l'anatomie pathologique dans la détection intra-tumorale du checkpoint immunitaire PD-L1. Ce dernier est l'une des principales cibles de l'immunothérapie à visée oncologique. La liaison du ligand PD-L1 à son récepteur PD-1 permet d'inhiber l'action des lymphocytes T cytotoxiques et, ainsi, de garder sous contrôle les réactions immunitaires. Ce processus peut être détourné par les cellules tumorales pour échapper à l'immunosurveillance. En bloquant le couple PD-L1/PD-1, il est possible de réactiver les lymphocytes T dirigés contre les néo-antigènes tumoraux. Nous nous concentrons, dans cet article, sur le mode de fonctionnement général de PD-L1, sur son implication dans les processus néoplasiques, sur le principe de son blocage thérapeutique, sur les biomarqueurs de l'efficacité du traitement et sur l'utilisation pratique de ces biomarqueurs, particulièrement dans la pratique anatomo-pathologique.


Subject(s)
B7-H1 Antigen , Pathologists , Carcinogenesis , Humans , Immunotherapy
2.
Rev Med Liege ; 76(2): 69-70, 2021 Feb.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33543849

ABSTRACT

Cystic adenomatoid malformations are part of localized malformations of lung tissue. They are characterized by the presence of cysts. The diagnosis is typically made during the second trimester of pregnancy. Altough ultrasound of the third trimester can show normalization, it is essential to complete the medical investigation during the first months of life with a computed tomography of the chest. In asymptomatic forms, performing surgical resection is a matter of discussion and, when a conservative treatment is chosen, radiological monitoring should be performed during the entire life.


Les malformations adénomatoïdes kystiques font partie des malformations localisées du tissu pulmonaire. Elles se caractérisent par la présence de kystes. Le diagnostic est souvent posé précocement durant le 2ème trimestre de la grossesse. Bien que l'échographie du 3ème trimestre puisse se normaliser, il est indispensable de compléter le bilan durant les premiers mois de vie par une tomodensitométrie thoracique. Dans les formes asymptomatiques, la réalisation d'une exérèse chirurgicale est discutée, et lors du choix d'un traitement conservateur, une surveillance radiologique doit être réalisée à vie.


Subject(s)
Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung, Congenital , Cysts , Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung, Congenital/diagnostic imaging , Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung, Congenital/surgery , Female , Humans , Lung , Pregnancy , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Ultrasonography
3.
Rev Med Liege ; 74(4): 197-203, 2019 Apr.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30997969

ABSTRACT

Non-specific Interstitial Pneumonia (NSIP) is an anatomo-clinical entity within the group of Diffuse Infiltrative Pulmonary Diseases (DPID). It is very rarely found in pediatrics. Main symptoms are dry cough and dyspnea. Bronchoalveolar lavage and biology are non specific. The thoracic CT scan suspects the diagnosis, but histological examination of a lung biopsy remains the reference examination and makes the diagnosis highly probable according to the ATS / ERS criteria. An autoimmune assessment should be performed because NSIPs are often associated with connective tissue disease or may even be the first sign of connectivitive tissues diseases. The treatment of the acute phase is mainly based on the administration of corticosteroids and the prognosis is generally good. In this article, we describe the management of NSIP, based on a pediatric clinical case.


La Pneumopathie Interstitielle Non Spécifique (PINS) est une entité anatomo-clinique au sein du groupe des Pneumopathies Infiltrantes Diffuses (PID). Elle est très rarement retrouvée en pédiatrie. Elle se manifeste principalement par une toux sèche et une dyspnée. Le lavage broncho-alvéolaire et la biologie sont aspécifiques. Le scanner thoracique permet de suspecter le diagnostic, mais c'est l'examen histologique d'une biopsie pulmonaire qui reste l'examen de référence et qui permet, selon les critères de l'ATS/ERS, de poser un diagnostic avec grande probabilité. Un bilan auto-immun doit être réalisé car la PINS est très souvent associée à des connectivites ou peut même en être le premier signe. Le traitement de la phase aiguë repose, essentiellement, sur l'administration de corticoïdes, et le pronostic est, en général, bon. Dans cet article, nous décrivons la prise en charge d'une PINS, à partir d'un cas clinique rencontré en pédiatrie.


Subject(s)
Connective Tissue Diseases , Lung Diseases, Interstitial , Adolescent , Biopsy , Child , Connective Tissue Diseases/complications , Connective Tissue Diseases/diagnosis , Connective Tissue Diseases/therapy , Dyspnea/etiology , Humans , Lung , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/complications , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/diagnosis , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/therapy
5.
Rev Med Liege ; 64(7-8): 361-5, 2009.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19777911

ABSTRACT

An 19-year-old woman was admitted for acute appendicitis. The histological study of the appendix revealed a tubular variant of endocrine carcinoma of the appendix. Neuroendocrine tumors ("NETs") of the appendix are rare tumors which are usually detected incidentally, affecting 0.3% to 0.9% of appendectomies. Depending on their size, but also on some other factors, including histologic type, these tumors will require specific treatment; sometimes appendectomy will not be sufficient.


Subject(s)
Appendectomy , Appendiceal Neoplasms/pathology , Appendiceal Neoplasms/surgery , Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/pathology , Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/surgery , Appendectomy/methods , Appendiceal Neoplasms/chemistry , Appendiceal Neoplasms/complications , Appendiceal Neoplasms/therapy , Appendicitis/etiology , Appendicitis/pathology , Appendicitis/surgery , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/chemistry , Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/complications , Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Neuroendocrine Tumors/pathology , Neuroendocrine Tumors/surgery , Prognosis , Treatment Outcome , Young Adult
6.
Rev Med Liege ; 62(7-8): 498-500, 2007.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17853672

ABSTRACT

Intussusception in adults is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction and is usually secondary to some lesion in the gastrointestinal tract. We report a case of intestinal obstruction due to ileo-ileal intussusception, an inflammatory fibroid polyp formed the leading edge of the intussusceptum, which is a rare polypoidal lesion of the gastrointestinal tract.


Subject(s)
Ileal Diseases/etiology , Intestinal Obstruction/etiology , Intussusception/etiology , Leiomyoma/complications , Adult , Female , Humans , Ileal Diseases/complications , Intussusception/complications
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