ABSTRACT
This study was performed to evaluate the histopathological effects of epidural drug injection given either by intermittent bolus or continuous infusion through a catheter on epidural tissue. Fourteen ewes received intermittent bolus injections of morphine with bupivacaine, or a bolus of the same drugs followed by continuous infusion for 5 days. After 5 days, histopathological examination of the epidural space revealed mild to moderate inflammatory changes, and focal fibrosis surrounding the catheter in all ewes. The similarity of the inflammatory reaction in the control and drug treated groups seems to indicate that neither intermittent bolus or continuous infusion after a bolus dose caused histopathological changes in the epidural space beyond that caused by the catheter itself.
Subject(s)
Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Epidural Space/pathology , Morphine/administration & dosage , Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects , Anesthetics, Local/adverse effects , Animals , Bupivacaine/adverse effects , Drug Administration Schedule , Female , Inflammation/etiology , Inflammation/pathology , Infusions, Parenteral/adverse effects , Infusions, Parenteral/methods , Injections, Epidural/adverse effects , Injections, Epidural/methods , Morphine/adverse effects , SheepABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Demodex folliculorum (DF) is resident in human pilosebaceous follicles. Mite density is low in healthy skin. Many cases of demodicosis in association with immunosuppression have been reported. Patients undergoing haemodialysis are also immunosuppressed. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare the Demodex folliculorum density in haemodialysis patients and healthy subjects. METHODS: Mite density of 87 patients undergoing haemodialysis was compared with that of age- and sex-matched controls. Two samples of standardized skin surface biopsies were taken from each subject from the forehead, cheek and nose. The number of mites counted on the surface area of 1 cm2 was accepted as the density of DF. The length and width of mites were measured by oculometer. RESULTS: DF density was found in 17 (19.54%) of the 87 dialysis patients and in 9 (10.34%) of 87 controls. A mean mite density of 5.11+/-5.65 was found in dialysis patients and of 2.55+/-1.6 in controls. Differences between the two groups in mite density were not statistically significant (P=0.13). There was also no significant difference in mite length between the two groups (P=0.06). There was, however, a significant difference in mite width (P=0.018). CONCLUSION: Despite the presence of sebaceous gland atrophy in haemodialysis patients, the higher density of DF in these patients than controls supports the supposition that this mite can increase immunosuppression.
Subject(s)
Mite Infestations/classification , Mites/anatomy & histology , Renal Dialysis , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Animals , Case-Control Studies , Cheek/parasitology , Child , Female , Forehead/parasitology , Hair Follicle/parasitology , Humans , Immunocompromised Host , Male , Middle Aged , Nose/parasitology , Skin/parasitologyABSTRACT
A modified surgical technique has been developed for repairing third-degree perineal lacerations in mares. Complications of the currently used methods include rectovaginal fistula formation, urine pooling, complete dehiscence of the repair, constipation, tenesmus and difficulty of performance in the practice. The modified method is simpler and more practical. This method was performed on eight Thoroughbred mares with third-degree perineal lacerations after delivery. The rectovestibular septum was reconstructed by three lines of sutures in a transverse direction in relation to the longitudinal axis of the rectum. In one of the eight cases pneumorectum was observed after using the new method. The conception rate obtained after using the new surgical technique was 62.5%. Pregnant mares delivered normally without any new lacerations at the subsequent parturition. It can be concluded that this new surgical technique can be used successfully for repairing third-degree perineal lacerations in mares.
