ABSTRACT
Impulsivity has mainly been described as a negative or dysfunctional characteristic associated with several disorders. However, impulsivity is not only related to dysfunctional outcomes and may explain individual differences in optimal human functioning as well. The Dickman Impulsivity Inventory (DII) is a self-report instrument measuring both the dysfunctional and the functional aspects of impulsivity. In this study, we performed the translation and cultural adaptation of the DII to the Brazilian context and analyzed its psychometric properties. Translation and cultural adaptation followed a rigorous process, which relied on an expert panel in the cross-cultural adaptation of psychological instruments. Data from 405 undergraduate students were obtained for the Brazilian version of the DII (Br-DII). The 23 items of the Br-DII was considered unsuitable according to model fit indices of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (both for Oblique and Orthogonal models). Exploratory Factor Analysis showed an 18 items version of the Br-DII to be suitable (CFI = 0.92; TLI = 0.90, and RMSEA = 0.057). The DII's 18 items version also showed adequate Cronbach's alpha, intraclass correlation coefficient, and convergent and discriminant validity with the BIS-11. Therefore, the Br-DII demonstrated reliability and validity in the measurement of functional and dysfunctional impulsivity.
ABSTRACT
The brain may work as a space-time machine. On the one hand, time may be spatially represented in neuronal assemblies, i.e., spatially "quantized". On the other, spatially segregated neuronal activity imposes a requirement on temporal integration mechanisms. Both theoretical and empirical evidence supports a model of integration by periodic oscillations. The model assumes two hierarchically organized, oscillatory frequency ranges. Fast oscillations have a period around the gamma range (30 ms) and may be used to define functional temporal states, inside which time relations are not discernible. These time quanta define mental-neural events. At the next level of the hierarchy, events are automatically and sequentially integrated up to a limit of more or less 3 seconds, which defines the slow oscillatory period. Events integrated into a 3 seconds temporal window constitute a semantic unitary subjective experience, the subjective present or now. Time experience is a construct derived from counting the number of events in a given period. Up to 3 seconds, mechanisms of consciousness equate to those of time perception. Subjective experience of continuous time flow is built upon semantic relatedness between different psychological moments.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cerebrum/physiology , Neurons/physiology , Time , Time PerceptionABSTRACT
Este trabalho tem como objetivo explicitar os subsistemas nos quais a memoria retrograda se encontra fraccionada, em termos de suas bases neurais, dos tipos especificos de conhecimento e das patologias associadas a esses subsistemas. Serao, tambem, abordados os principais metodos de exame que avaliam a integridade desses diferentes tipos de memoria.
