ABSTRACT
This mini-review will provide an overview on the recent studies of structure and thermodynamics of RNA aptamers that target drug molecules. These aptamers are studied to provide insight into RNA drug interactions. This interaction is important due to the many roles RNA plays in cell biology.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Aptamers, Nucleotide/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/metabolism , Aptamers, Nucleotide/metabolism , HIV/genetics , HIV/metabolism , HIV Long Terminal Repeat/genetics , Humans , Nucleic Acid Conformation , Oligonucleotides/chemistry , RNA/chemistry , RNA/metabolism , Thermodynamics , Viral Proteins/geneticsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study compared the whitening efficacy, side effects, and patients' preferences/perceptions of two whitening systems of similar peroxide concentration but different formulation and delivery methods. METHODS: The tooth color change of 24 participants was measured using a shade guide (BSG) and a spectrophotometer (ES). Color difference was calculated: ΔE* = [(ΔL*)(2) + (Δa*)(2) + (Δb*)(2)](1/2). One whitening treatment was randomly applied to the right or left maxillary anterior teeth and the other was applied to the contralateral teeth, at-home with 35% carbamide peroxide in a tray (TW) or with 14% hydrogen peroxide in strips (WS). The tooth color was evaluated at baseline, 15 and 30 days (15 days postwhitening). Participants rated their tooth and soft tissue sensitivity (1-10 scale) and completed a questionnaire on their preferences. Results were analyzed by repeated measurement regression analysis/Tukey and Mann-Whitney (p<0.05). RESULTS: At 15 days, the teeth treated with TW and WS presented ΔE* = 7 and 6, respectively (ΔBSG=3 for both), and at 30 days, they presented ΔE* = 7.5 and 6.5, respectively (ΔBSG=3 for both). There was no significant difference in tooth and soft tissue sensitivity between treatments. No participant reported tooth and gingival sensitivity at the postwhitening appointment. Of the participants, 83% preferred the TW over WS. CONCLUSION: Both ΔE* and ΔBSG showed no significant difference in tooth color change between TW and SW at either time point. By the end of the study no participants reported tooth and gingival sensitivity. Participants preferred TW over SW.
