ABSTRACT
Contextualização: As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) representam a principal causa de morte no Brasil e no mundo e a dieta mediterrânea (DM) surgiu como possibilidade de prevenção dessas doenças. Ela envolve o alto consumo de frutas, vegetais, frutos do mar, nozes, legumes, grãos e azeite, e ingestão moderada de vinho nas refeições, além de menor ingestão de carnes vermelhas e processadas, gordura saturada, doces e bebidas açucaradas. Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade da DM para prevenção de DCV. Métodos: Trata-se de overview de revisões sistemáticas. Procedeu-se à busca por estudos que associavam a DM às DCV em quatro bases eletrônicas de dados: Cochrane - Central de Registros de Ensaios Clínicos - CENTRAL (2023), PubMed (1966-2023), Portal BVS (1982-2023) e EMBASE (1974-2023). Dois pesquisadores, independentemente extraíram os dados e avaliaram a qualidade dos estudos para a síntese. O desfecho primário de análise envolveu a prevenção de doença cardiovascular e a redução de mortalidade. Resultados: 5 revisões sistemáticas foram incluídas, totalizando 74 ensaios clínicos (n = 124.820) e 16 coortes prospectivas (n = 722.495). Discussão: Embora os estudos incluídos relatem benefícios favoráveis à DM para prevenção de DCV, as evidências são de baixa a moderada qualidade, diante da heterogeneidade e fragilidades metodológicas. Sugere-se a realização de novos estudos clínicos com padronização de relato dos resultados. Conclusão: Parece haver benefício da DM para prevenção de DCV, mas diante das evidências limitadas, há incertezas que tornam lícita a recomendação por novos ensaios clínicos com comparação a outras dietas, para maior robustez dos achados.
Subject(s)
Diet, Mediterranean , Heart Diseases , Clinical Trial , Disease Prevention , Evidence-Based PracticeABSTRACT
The present study aimed to evaluate saline extracts from the leaves (LE) and stem (SE) of Portulaca elatior in relation to their phytochemical composition and photoprotective and antioxidant effects, as well as to evaluate the toxicity of the leaf extract. The extracts were characterized for protein concentration and phenol and flavonoid contents, as well as for thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiles. Total antioxidant capacity and DPPH and ABTS+ scavenging activities were determined. In the photoprotective activity assay, the sun protection factor (SPF) was calculated. The toxicity evaluation of LE included in vitro hemolytic assay and in vivo oral and dermal acute toxicity assays in Swiss mice. LE showed the highest protein, phenol, and flavonoid (8.79 mg/mL, 323.46 mg GAE/g, and 101.96 QE/g, respectively). TLC revealed the presence of flavonoids, reducing sugars, terpenes, and steroids in both extracts. In HPLC profiles, LE contained flavonoids, while SE contained flavonoids and ellagic tannins. The antioxidant activity assays showed the lowest IC50 values â(34.15-413.3 µg/mL) for LE, which presented relevant SPF (> 6) at 50 and 100 µg/mL. LE demonstrated low hemolytic capacity, and no signs of intoxication were observed in mice treated orally or topically at 1000 mg/kg. However, at 2000 mg/kg, an increase in the mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes and a reduction in lymphocytes were observed; animals treated topically with 2000 mg/kg displayed scratching behavior during the first hour of observation and showed edema and erythema that regressed after six days. In conclusion, LE did not present acute oral or dermal toxicity in Swiss mice at a dose of 1000 mg/kg and showed slight toxicity in animals treated with 2000 mg/kg. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43188-022-00160-2.
ABSTRACT
Depression and obesity are highly prevalent and are considered inflammatory pathologies; in addition, they are also associated with dietary patterns including types of fatty acids (FA). Changes in the FA composition in the brain are determined by changes in the content and quality of dietary and serum FA. The aim of this study was to verify the relationships between serum-free FA, inflammatory processes and depressive symptoms in obese adolescents. This was a cross-sectional study that analysed a database composed of 138 post-pubertal adolescents. Data regarding the depressive symptoms, body composition, glucose metabolism, lipid profile, FA profile, leptin concentration, as well as adiponectin, IL-A, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, C-reactive protein and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels of the subjects were collected. A total of 54·6 % of the adolescents presented with depressive symptoms, and there were positive correlations between depressive symptoms and serum saturated fatty acids (SFA) content, body fat, and inflammatory adipokines, such as leptin, IL-6, and the leptin/adiponectin ratio. Moreover, the content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms, suggesting that eicosatrienoic acid (C20:2n6) and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (C20:3n-6) are independently associated with depressive symptom scores and can be critical predictors of poor mental health in humans. These results point to the relationship between SFA and depressive symptoms in obese adolescents. However, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the causality between dietary SFA and depression in obese individuals.
ABSTRACT
Contexto: O magnésio age no transporte iônico na cóclea e sua deficiência é relacionada ao aumento do estresse oxidativo na orelha interna, com consequente surgimento de perda auditiva e sintomas otoneurológicos, como tontura e zumbido. Alguns pesquisadores têm preconizado sua suplementação para tratamento de perda auditiva sensorioneural. O estudo objetivou avaliar as evidências na literatura relativas ao uso de magnésio para tratamento da perda auditiva em humanos. Desenho de estudo: Trata-se de sinopse de evidências. Métodos: Procedeu-se à busca em quatro bases eletrônicas de dados: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (2019), PUBMED (1966-2019), EMBASE (1974-2019) e Portal BVS (1982-2019), além do "megabuscador" de evidências Trip Database (2019). Não houve restrição geográfica e de idioma, sendo utilizados descritores e termos do Decs (Descritores em Ciências da Saúde). O método de síntese envolveu a combinação de estudos semelhantes em uma revisão narrativa. Resultados: Foram identificadas 75 citações e 4 estudos foram incluídos. A amostragem nos estudos, em geral, foi pequena e as intervenções não permitem afirmar a efetividade do magnésio na prevenção e no tratamento da perda auditiva sensorioneural. Discussão: A evidência é baixa e não permite responder à questão com os estudos atuais, sendo recomendada a realização de novos ensaios clínicos de qualidade. Conclusões: Não há suporte atualmente na literatura para uso do magnésio na prevenção e no tratamento da perda auditiva sensorioneural, sendo que sua utilização clínica é eminentemente empírica.
Subject(s)
Primary Prevention , Therapeutics , Evidence-Based Practice , Hearing Loss , MagnesiumABSTRACT
In this proof-of-concept study, we describe the use of the main red beet pigment betanin for the quantification of calcium dipicolinate in bacterial spores, including Bacillus anthracis. In the presence of europium(III) ions, betanin is converted to a water-soluble, non-luminescent orange 1â¶1 complex with a stability constant of 1.4 × 10(5) L mol(-1). The addition of calcium dipicolinate, largely found in bacterial spores, changes the color of the aqueous solution of [Eu(Bn)(+)] from orange to magenta. The limit of detection (LOD) of calcium dipicolinate is around 2.0 × 10(-6) mol L(-1) and the LOD determined for both spores, B. cereus and B. anthracis, is (1.1 ± 0.3)× 10(6) spores mL(-1). This simple, green, fast and low cost colorimetric assay was selective for calcium dipicolinate when compared to several analogous compounds. The importance of this work relies on the potential use of betalains, raw natural pigments, as colorimetric sensors for biological applications.
Subject(s)
Bacillus anthracis/physiology , Beta vulgaris/chemistry , Colorimetry/instrumentation , Picolinic Acids/analysis , Plant Roots/chemistry , Spores, Bacterial/chemistry , Limit of DetectionABSTRACT
This paper describes the development of new fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based quantum dot probes for proteolytic activity. The CdSe/ZnS quantum dots are incorporated into a thin polymeric film, which is prepared by layer-by-layer deposition of alternately charged polyelectrolytes. The quantum dots, which serve as fluorescent donors, are separated from rhodamine acceptor molecules, which are covalently attached to the film surface by a varying number of polyelectrolyte layers. When excited with visible light, the emission color of the polyelectrolyte multilayer film appears orange due to FRET between the quantum dots and molecular acceptors. The emission color changes to green when the rhodamine molecules are removed from the surface by enzymatic cleavage. The new probe design enables the use of quantum dots in bioassays, in this study for real-time monitoring of trypsin activity, while alleviating concerns about their potential toxicity. Application of these quantum dot FRET-based probes in microfluidic channels enables bioanalysis of volume-limited samples and single-cell studies in an in vivo-like environment.
