ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To confirm the anticancer effect of total annonaceous acetogenins (TAAs) abstracted from Annona squamosa Linn. on human hepatocarcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The inhibitory effect of TAAs was demonstrated in H22-bearing mice. The potency of TAAs was confirmed as its 50% inhibiting concentration (IC50) on Bel-7402 cell under Sulfur Rhodamine B staining. Both underlying mechanisms were explored as cellular apoptosis and cell cycle under flow cytometry. Mitochondrial and recipient apoptotic pathways were differentiated as mitochondrial membrane potential under flow cytometry and caspases activities under fluorescence analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The inhibitory rate of TAAs in mice was 50.98% at 4 mg/kg dose. The IC50 of TAAs on Bel-7402 was 20.06 µg/mL (15.13-26.61µg/mL). Effective mechanisms of TAAs were confirmed as both of arresting cell cycle at G1 phase and inducing apoptosis dose- and time-dependently. Mitochondrial and recipient pathways involved in apoptotic actions of TAAs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TAAs is effective for hepatocarcinoma, via inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Mice , Acetogenins , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Annona , Chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Apoptosis , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Caspases , Metabolism , Cell Cycle , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Liver Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial , Organ Specificity , Spleen , Thymus Gland , Xenograft Model Antitumor AssaysABSTRACT
Including herbal medicine, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is popular worldwide. The traditional Chinese medicine xinkeshu has been widely used to treat coronary heart disease in China. This study was designed to investigate the protective effect and probable mechanism of xinkeshu tablet to atherosclerotic myocardial ischemia rabbit. Rabbits were divided into four groups (n = 12 each) and fed with different diet for 12 weeks: Control (standard diet), Model (high-cholesterol diet), XKS (high-cholesterol diet with 184.8 mg/kg/d xinkeshu), and Atorvastatin (high-cholesterol diet with 5.0 mg/kg/d atorvastatin). Plasma lipoprotein, ECG, endothelium-dependent vessel relaxation, histomorphological study, and expressions of eNOS and VCAM-1 on coronary arteries were assessed. The findings showed that, similar to atorvastatin, xinkeshu presented significant effects on rescuing endothelium-dependent vessel relaxation, inhibiting atherosclerotic progress, preventing myocardial ischemia, and changing eNOS and VCAM-1 expression. However, xinkeshu showed no lipoprotein lowering effect in hypercholesterolemia rabbits. The results of the present study indicated that xinkeshu exerted potent antiatherogenic and anti-ischemic properties on atherosclerotic myocardial ischemia rabbit. An endothelial protecting effect may be involved in the mechanism other than antihyperlipidemic effect.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of salvianolic acid B (SalB) on high energy phosphate and activity of ATPase of cerebral ischemia in mice, and to study the role of SalB on hydrocephalus further.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>NIH mice were divided into four groups randomly: Sham-operated group, cerebral ischemia group, SalB-treated group and Nimodipine (Nim)-collated group. In Sal B-treated group, mice were injected with SalB (22.5 mg x kg(-1)) in vena caudalis at 30 min before the experiment. In Nim-collated group, Nim (0.03 mg x kg(-1)) was injected into tail vein at the same time, while the mice in Sham-operated group and cerebral ischemia group were injected the same volume normal saline. The acute cerebral ischemia model was established by ligating bilateral common carotid arteries for 30 min in mice, then the mice were killed and the content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), phosphocreatine (PCr) were observed, and the cerebral energy charge (EC) was computed. At the same time, activity of Na(+) -K(+) -ATPase and Ca2(+) -ATPase, content of water in brain tissue were measured.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with cerebral ischemia group, EC and content of ATP, ADP, PCr in SalB-treated group heightened evidently (P < 0.01). Moreover, activity of Na(+)-K+ ATPase and Ca2+ ATPase in SalB-treated group had a remarkable increase (P < 0.01). But the content of water in brain tissue decreased markedly (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The mechanism that SalB can relieve content of water in brain tissue of cerebral ischemia in mice, may be associated with improving the content of high-energy phosphoric acid compounds and enhancing the activity of ATPase.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Adenosine Diphosphate , Metabolism , Adenosine Monophosphate , Metabolism , Adenosine Triphosphatases , Metabolism , Adenosine Triphosphate , Metabolism , Benzofurans , Pharmacology , Brain , Metabolism , Pathology , Brain Ischemia , Calcium-Transporting ATPases , Metabolism , Energy Metabolism , Phosphocreatine , Metabolism , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Random Allocation , Salvia miltiorrhiza , Chemistry , Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase , Metabolism , Water , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a method for the determination of gossypol in cotton root bark.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Samples were extracted with acetone, and determined on a C18 column with the mobile phase (Acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid, 85:15) and UV-235 nm detector.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The recovery rate was 97.6%, RSD 1.59% (n = 5).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This method can be used for the determination of gossypol in cotton root bark and the content of gossypol in three different species has been determined.</p>