Sarcopenia among Genders in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Using Different Formulas of Bioimpedance Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of sarcopenia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients using different formulas of bioimpedance analysis (BIA). STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Obesity Clinic, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey, between March and June 2015. METHODOLOGY: The present study included DM patients at >18 years of age with BMI >30 kg/m2. BIA measurements consisted of body weight, height, total muscle mass and sum of the muscle masses of the four limbs (ALM). Skeletal muscle index, total muscle index, skeletal muscle percentage, total muscle percentage, and ALM/BMI were used for muscle-related analyses. The data were presented as frequency, mean ± standard deviation, and percentage. Student t-test was used to compare differences between two independent groups. RESULTS: A total of 295 DM patients were enrolled in the study, of whom 176 (59.66%) were females, 119 (40.34%) were males, 47 (15.93%) were over the age of 65 years, and the mean age was 53.39 +10.39 years. Sarcopenia was determined in 40 males (33.61%) by body muscle ratio, in 15 males (12.60%) by ALM/BMI ratio, and in one male participant (0.84%) by skeletal muscle index. Among female participants, while sarcopenia was determined in 61 (34.65%) by body muscle ratio and in 1 (0.56%) by ALM/BMI ratio, no sarcopenia case was detected using skeletal muscle index. CONCLUSION: The frequency of sarcopenia in obese diabetic patients is found to be lower when skeletal muscle index and ALM/BMI ratio is used, but higher with body muscle ratio.

Relation of Muscle Indices with Metabolic Parameters and C-Peptide in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relation between bioimpedance measurements and metabolic parameters and C-peptide in patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Kartal Dr Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Pendik Kaynarca Diabetes Center, Exercise and Metabolism Unit, between January and March 2015. METHODOLOGY: Patients with DM, aged less than 65 years, were assessed for bioimpedance analysis, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, C-peptide levels, triglyceride levels, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol levels. Skeletal muscle index, total muscle index, skeletal muscle percentage, and total muscle percentage were used for muscle-related analyses. Mann-Whitney U-test or independent t-test were used to compare differences between two independent groups. Pearson correlation test or Spearman correlation test were used to find out correlation between variables. RESULTS: Atotal of 359 DM patients were enrolled in the study. Mean age was 51.6 ±8.0 years, and 278 (77.7%) of the participants were females. After adjusting age and gender variables, there was no relation between muscle-related measurements and FPG, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol (p>0.05). However, there was muscle-related indexes (MRI) positively correlation with C-peptide and inversely associated with HDL-cholesterol (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Muscle-related indices positively correlated with C-peptide, which showed endogenous insulin reserve.