ABSTRACT
The validity of the Stanford Binet-IV (SB-IV) was assessed. This test and the WAIS-R and WRAT-R were administered to 42 adults previously classified with mild to moderate mental retardation. Validity coefficients between scores on the SB-IV and the other two measures were significant. The mean IQ on the SB-IV (mean Test Composite = 43.26) was significantly lower than that on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised--WAIS-R (mean Full-Scale IQ = 57.91). With regard to the internal validity of the SB-IV, the intersubtest relationships of each of the four Area scores correlated significantly with the Test Composite (range = .66 to .91). Verbal Reasoning earned the highest correlation (.91). Results support the SB-IV's concurrent, criterion-related, and internal validity for use with young adults who have mental retardation.
Subject(s)
Intellectual Disability/diagnosis , Psychometrics/standards , Stanford-Binet Test/standards , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
The test-retest reliability and concurrent, criterion-related validity of the Fourth Edition of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (SB-IV) were examined in a young adult population with intellectual disability. Forty adults with mild to moderate intellectual disability (mean age = 20.8 years; SD = 1.8 years) were administered the SB-IV and retested approximately 5 weeks later (mean = 33.4 days, SD = 1.2). The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale: Interview Edition (VABS) was completed by a reliable informant within one week of the SB-IV testing. The test-retest reliability coefficients for the four SB-IV area and composite scores were all significant (P < 0.00). Individual subtest correlations tended to be lower but consistent across the two administrations. Moderate correlations were observed between the VABS composite and SB-IV composite scores. The present results provide support for the temporal reliability of the SB-IV and its concurrent, criterion-related validity in an exceptional sample.
Subject(s)
Intellectual Disability/diagnosis , Intelligence , Stanford-Binet Test/standards , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Reproducibility of Results , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and adult manifestations of depression, anxiety, and dissociation. METHOD: Women health care professionals reporting a history of childhood psychological maltreatment (n = 55) were compared to a nonabused control group (n = 55) on the three dimensions of anxiety, depression, and dissociation. The Childhood Experiences Questionnaire, a measure constructed specifically for this study to assess abuse history, was used to determine group membership. Participants were administered the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES). RESULTS: A significant discriminant function analysis using the STAI, BDI, and DES as predictor variables was able to correctly classify 74.5% of the psychologically abused participants and 89.1% of the nonabused group, with an overall hit rate of 81.8%. Statistically significant differences were obtained between the abused and nonabused groups on the STAI, BDI, and DES. CONCLUSIONS: Interpretation of these results suggests that participants who reported a history of childhood psychological abuse suffer significantly higher levels of depression and anxiety, and more frequent dissociative experiences, than the nonabused women.
Subject(s)
Anxiety/etiology , Child Abuse/psychology , Depression/etiology , Dissociative Disorders/etiology , Family Health , Health Personnel , Parent-Child Relations , Women's Health , Adult , Analysis of Variance , Case-Control Studies , Chi-Square Distribution , Child , Female , Humans , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The discriminative validity of the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale (MAC) was examined with regards to race and sex in a clinic with a high base rate of substance abusers. Subjects included 168 men (17 blacks, 151 whites) and 32 women (6 blacks, 26 whites). All subjects were assigned to either a psychoactive substance disorder group (n = 172) or no psychoactive substance disorder group (n = 28) based on DSM-III-R criteria. Using the optimal cutting score that provided the best overall accuracy, chi-square analyses indicated the MAC scale significantly discriminated substance abusers among samples of blacks and white men but did not significantly discriminate substance abusers among samples of whites, men, women, or white women. When the standard MAC scale cutting score of 24 was used, the overall accuracy decreased for each sample but resulted in significant chi-square analyses for the samples of whites, men, women and white men but not for blacks or white women. Results indicated the MAC scale is not an efficacious discriminator in settings with a high base rate of substance abusers.
Subject(s)
Alcoholism/diagnosis , Illicit Drugs , MMPI/statistics & numerical data , Psychotropic Drugs , Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Black or African American/psychology , Black or African American/statistics & numerical data , Alcoholism/ethnology , Alcoholism/psychology , Alcoholism/rehabilitation , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Incidence , Male , Middle Aged , Ohio/epidemiology , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Sex Factors , Substance-Related Disorders/ethnology , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology , Substance-Related Disorders/rehabilitation , White People/psychology , White People/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Seventeen pretreatment predictors of attrition in a very low-calorie diet (VLCD) and behavior therapy combined weight-loss program (Optifast) were examined. A multiple discriminant function analysis was conducted on historical data in an attempt to distinguish early dropouts (weeks 2-14) from late dropouts (weeks 15-26) from completers. The following seven predictor variables contributed to the significant discriminant function equation: the number of past diets, past emotional difficulties, past physical or emotional difficulties while dieting, expected stress over the next 6 months, the number of close friends, the number of people who annoy the dieter about his or her weight, and the expectation of insurance coverage. In addition, it was found that completers reported a significantly greater number of previous diets than early dropouts.
Subject(s)
Behavior Therapy , Diet, Reducing/psychology , Obesity/diet therapy , Patient Dropouts/psychology , Weight Loss , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Food, Formulated , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Motivation , Obesity/psychology , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
This study examined body image dissatisfaction in bulimic adolescent girls. Subjects were screened with the Bulimia Test and the Eating Disorder Inventory, followed by clinical interviews using Russell's diagnostic criteria. Bulimic subjects were matched with controls by age, weight, height and year in high school. Results indicated that bulimic subjects were significantly more dissatisfied with their bodies as measured by the Color-A-Person Test than matched controls.
Subject(s)
Body Image , Bulimia/psychology , Adolescent , Female , HumansABSTRACT
This study was designed to examine (1) the prevalency rate of bulimia in high school students and (2) the personality characteristics of bulimic students when compared with a matched control group using the MMPI. The Bulimia Test and the Eating Disorder Inventory were used to screen for the disorder, followed by clinical interviews. A prevalency rate of 5.8% was established. A significant discriminate function was found using the Pa, Hy, Mf, and Sc scales to discriminate bulimics from controls.
