Peppermint drop effect on ileus following cesarean section.

Objective: Intestine dysfunction and ileus are one of the cesarean section complications. medicinal herbs have been used to restore the postoperative intestinal function. Therefore, we decided to use a mint drop to improve bowel function after cesarean section. Methods and Materials: 102 women enrolled in the study. The patients were simply randomized and double blindly divided into two groups of 51 patients and giving them medication (mint drops) or placebo. Then, the initial evaluation included hearing the first bowel sound, having nausea and vomiting, the first gas passing feeling time, the first defecation feeling time, and duration of hospitalization was evaluated and compared between the two groups. Results: The mean time to hearing the first intestinal sounds was 9/05 ± 2/44 hours in the placebo group and 5/78 ± 1/25 hours in the treatment group. The interval between surgery and the first gas passing feeling time in the placebo group was 12/24 ± 3/91 hours and in the treatment group was 7/87 ± 2/02 hours. None of the patients had nausea and vomiting. Conclusion: Considering the significant difference between two groups in the meantime interval to hearing the first intestinal sound, the first gas passing feeling time, and the first defecation feeling time, we conclude that the peppermint drop is more effective than placebo in improving bowel function.

Placental infection with SARS-CoV-2, analysis of 16 cases and literature review.

PURPOSE: Since December 2019, the whole world has been affected by coronavirus [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)]. However, the effects of COVID-19 infection on pregnancy and fetal transmission are still unclear. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate placenta samples regarding detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in women affected with COVID-19. METHOD: This study was a part of a cohort study carried out on pregnant women with a diagnosis of COVID-19 infection who had been admitted to the Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, Iran, from March 20 to August 5, 2020. Clinical and laboratory information of all the patients was collected and chest computed tomography (CT) scans were reviewed. Totally, 16 placental tissue were prepared for real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. All samples were tested by PowerChek PCR real-time kit (South Korea) with 2 target genes (E gene and Rd Rp gene), and Pishtaz Teb kit, (Iran) with 2 target genes (N gene and RdRp gene). RESULT: In the first RT-PCR kit by PowerChek kit, 6 samples were positive for a single gene (E gene) and 2 samples were positive for both genes (E gene and Rd Rp gene). In the second RT-PCR kit by Pishtaz Teb kit, 3 samples were positive for two genes (N gene and RdRp gene). CONCLUSION: This present study showed that infection of placenta with SARS-CoV-2 may occur in pregnancy. However, whether this infection leads to neonatal infection and serious complication in pregnancy remains unclear.

Extensive bilateral diffuse infiltrates and deterioration of lung following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in a pregnant woman: a case report.

INTRODUCTION: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is the third member of the coronavirus family to cause global concern in the twenty-first century. Pregnant women are particularly at higher risk of developing severe viral pneumonia, possibly because of a partial immune suppression during their pregnancy. Under such critical and rapidly evolving circumstances, these poor findings might be helpful for the treatment of infected pregnant women with the 2019 novel coronavirus. CASE PRESENTATION: In this study, we report the case of a 33-year-old Asian pregnant woman at 25 gestational weeks with coronavirus disease 2019 who developed severe complications, including hypoxemia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary infiltration, and bilateral pleural effusion. She died 1 month after admission to the hospital. CONCLUSION: Pregnant populations are especially at higher risk of viral pneumonia development caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Further research on the prevention and treatment of the new coronavirus is necessary.

First trimesters Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A levels value to Predict Gestational diabetes Mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.

Detecting pregnant women at risk of diabetes in first months can help them by early intervention for delaying or preventing onset of GDM. In this study, we aimed to assess the Predictive value of first trimester Pregnancy related plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) levels for detecting Gestational diabetes Mellitus (GDM). This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted through probing in databases. PubMed, Scopus, Medline and Google scholar citations were searched to find the published papers from 1974 to 2017. Studies were considered eligible if they were cohorts, case-control studies, reported GDM result, not other types, conducted on singleton pregnancy, measured Serum pregnancy associated plasma protein A in the first trimester and evaluated the relation of first trimester pregnancy associated plasma protein-A and GDM. Two reviewers independently assessed the quality with Newcastle-Ottawa and extracted data in the Pre-defined checklist. Analysis of the data was carried out by "Comprehensive Meta-analysis Version 2 (CAM)" and Metadisc software. 17 articles have our inclusion criteria and were considered in our systematic review, 5 studies included in Meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of these articles showed that the predictive value of PAPP-A for GDM has 55% sensitivity (53-58), 90% (89-90) specificity, LR + 2.48 (0.83-7.36) and LR - 0.70 (0.45-1.09) with 95% confidence intervals. In our study PAPP-A has low predictive accuracy overall, but it may be useful when combined with other tests, and this is an active part for future research. One limitation of our study is significant heterogeneity because of different adjusted variables and varied diagnostic criteria.

Non Puerperal Uterine Inversion Due to Submucous Myoma: A Case Report.

Spontaneous uterine inversion rarely occurs in times other than the postpartum period. This condition is usually associated with the presence of a polypoid mass in the fundus, which is often a uterine leiomyoma or, in rare cases, a uterine sarcoma. Herein we report a case of a multipara, 51-year-old woman, presented with pelvic pain and vaginal bleeding. On the speculum examination, a circular mass of about 10 Cm, was observed in the vagina. In an ultrasound, a 55×62 mm intramural fibroid was observed. the patient was scheduled for surgery. After accessing the abdominal cavity, the patient was diagnosed with the uterine inversion. A longitudinal incision was made on the retraction ring. The base of the prolapsed mass was clamped at the incision site, and the mass was driven up into the vaginal canal and a total hysterectomy was performed.

Renal artery aneurysm rupture during post-partum period: A case report.

Renal artery aneurysm has an incidence of lower than one in 1000 of the general population. The risk of aneurysm rupture increases during pregnancy due to hormonal and hemodynamic changes. Therefore, these patients often refer to physicians with abdominal pain that is followed by shock. We report the case of a 41-year-old multiparous woman who was referred with symptoms of epigastric pain and hemorrhagic shock, a week after her vaginal delivery. She was diagnosed with renal artery aneurysm in ultrasonography. The patient underwent laparotomy and nephrectomy so that she was discharged from hospital with a good general health condition. Imaging measures in a timely manner, carried out by qualified individuals considering a patient's history and clinical situation is very effective in diagnosis and treatment of post-partum abdominal pain.

The relationship between functional ovarian cysts and vitamin A, vitamin E, and folate intake.

This study aimed to clarify the relationship between functional ovarian cysts and vitamin A, vitamin E, and folate intake. This case-control study evaluated 265 women of reproductive age who presented at gynaecology clinics of three hospitals in Mashhad, Iran. While women in the ovarian cyst group [n = 132] had functional ovarian cysts, control group [n = 133] consisted of women without functional ovarian cysts. The participants' vitamin A, vitamin E, and folate intake was assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Results showed that folate intake was significantly higher in the ovarian cyst group [p = .040]. No significant differences in vitamin A and vitamin E intake were observed between the two groups [p = .950 and .230, respectively]. It is concluded that women with functional ovarian cysts had significantly higher folate intake. Vitamin A and vitamin E intake had no significant effects on the incidence of these cysts.

Evaluation of selected thrombotic factors among pregnant women with preeclampsia and normal pregnant women.

BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia is one of the common complications during pregnancy with considerable maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. Hypercoagulability due to thrombophilic factors is discussed as the etiology involved in this disease. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate selected thrombotic factors among pregnant women with preeclampsia and normal pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case-control study was performed on 200 pregnant women at third trimester of pregnancy between 2012 and 2013. 100 pregnant women admitted to Qaem and Imam Reza hospitals of Mashhad, due to preeclampsia, were selected as case group and 100 pregnant women without preeclampsia referred to OB/GYN clinic of these hospitals as control group. Blood samples were taken from two groups for evaluation of the coagulation factors including factor V Leiden, protein C, protein S, antithrombin III, anti-cardiolipin antibodies, and lupus anticoagulant antibodies. RESULTS: Two groups were not significantly different in terms of maternal age and parity (p>0.05). Levels of factor V Leiden, protein C, protein S, antithrombin III, anti-cardiolipin antibodies and lupus anticoagulant antibodies were compared between two groups. The number of patients with abnormal factor V Leiden and protein C was significantly higher in case group than in the control group (p<0.01 respectively), but other factors were not significant different between two groups. Thrombophilia disorders were significantly more in case group compared to control (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The risk of thrombophilia disorders is higher in preeclamptic patients than normal pregnant women.