The effect of vitamin B12 on idiopathic tinnitus.

INTRODUCTION: Tinnitus is one of the most important challenges in the field of ear, nose and throat diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin B12 on idiopathic tinnitus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this double-blind clinical trial study, 140 patients with idiopathic tinnitus were divided into two groups, the group receiving vitamin B12 and the group receiving placebo. The first group received vitamin B12 for a month and the other group received placebo. All patients filled a THI questionnaire before the participation, one month and three months after the participation. VAS evaluation questionnaires were also filled for the patients before the participation, one month and three months after the participation. The effect of vitamin B12 on tinnitus was also assessed according to hearing loss status. The two groups were also compared regarding the side effects. RESULTS: There was no significant differences between two groups regarding age (p.value = 0.523), gender (females (p.value = 0.810) and males (p.value = 0.789), and hearing loss status (p value = 0.651). According to VAS score, there was no significant statistical differences in tinnitus severity in each group (B12 group, p.value = 0.851 and placebo group, p.value = 0.386). There was no significant statistical differences in tinnitus severity based on VAS score between two groups before the participation (p.value = 0.560), one month (p.value = 0.485) and three months (p.value = 0.254) after the participation. According to THI criterion, there was no significant statistical differences in tinnitus severity in each group (B12 group, p.value = 0.259 and placebo group, p.value = 0.521). There was no significant statistical differences in tinnitus severity based on THI score between two groups before the participation (p.value = 0.651), one month (p.value = 0.125) and three months (p.value = 0.089) after the participation. None of the patients of the two groups had any noticeable side effects. The mean of VAS and THI also had no statistically significant difference before and after the intervention in term of hearing loss status (p.value>0.05). These results were not significantly different between the two groups in term of hearing loss status (p value>0.05). CONCLUSION: The result of this study indicated that vitamin B12 has no distinctive effect on reducing tinnitus severity.

Sinonasal mucormycosis during 2 years of COVID-19 pandemic in central Iran: incidence rate and clinical features / Mucormicosis sinonasal durante 2 años de pandemia de COVID-19 en el centro de Irán: tasa de incidencia y características clínicas

Introduction As a novel infectious disease, COVID-19 is caused by SARS-COV-2, spreading rapidly worldwide. ENT specialists have faced this challenging disease in various ways since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. We are currently facing an increase in cases referred due to sinonasal mucormycosis which is a rare but invasive, rapidly progressive, and life-threatening infection. We provide an overview of this disease's incidence rate and clinical features. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 46 sinonasal mucormycosis patients who were histopathologically confirmed after sinonasal endoscopic surgery in our educational therapeutic hospital during 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic from March 20, 2020, to March 20, 2022. Results There was an increase in the incidence of mucormycosis more than twice as much as before. All patients had a history of COVID-19 and 69.6% were diabetic. The median time to symptom onset from COVID-19 detection was 3.3 weeks. A total of 60.9% received steroids while 85.7% were prescribed during COVID-19 treatment. The most common manifestation was orbital involvement (80.4%). Of the 46 study cases, unfortunately, 17 (37%) died. An exciting point in our study was the incidence of peripheral facial palsy which is associated involvement of multiple other cranial nerves (II, III, IV, V, VI) considered to be the likely occurrence of a rare phenomenon called Garcin's syndrome. Conclusion Based on the results of this study, during 2 years of the COVID -19 pandemic, there was an increase in the incidence of sinonasal mucormycosis more than twice as much as before. (AU)

Introducción La enfermedad infecciosa COVID-19, causada por el SARS.COV-2 se ha extendido rápidamente por el mundo. Como otorrinolaringólogos, nos hemos enfrentado a esta enfermedad de diversas maneras durante el periodo de pandemia. Actualmente evidenciamos a un aumento de casos de mucormicosis nasosinusal, infección rara pero invasiva, rápidamente progresiva y amenazante para la vida. Presentamos una descripción general de la incidencia de esta enfermedad, así como sus características clínicas. Métodos Estudio descriptivo transversal de 46 pacientes con mucormicosis nasosinusal confirmados histopatológicamente en un hospital universitario de Irán desde el 20 marzo de 2020 hasta el 20 de marzo de 2022. Resultados El aumento en la incidencia de mucormicosis ha sido más del doble en comparación con el pasado. Los pacientes todos tenían antecedentes de COVID-19, y el 69.6 % de ellos eran diabéticos. El plazo promedio de aparición de los síntomas ha sido 3.3 semanas desde la detección del COVID-19. Un total de 60.9% de pacientes recibieron esteroides mientras que el 85.7% fueron recetados durante el tratamiento contra el COVID-19. La manifestación más frecuente fue la afectación orbitaria (80.4%). De los 46 casos de estudio, lamentablemente, 17 (37%) fallecieron. Un punto emocionante en nuestro estudio fue la incidencia de parálisis facial periférica que está afectada y asociada con la participación de muchos otros nervios craneales (II, III, IV, V, VI) que se considera que es la probable ocurrencia de un fenómeno raro llamado síndrome de Garcin. Conclusión En base a los resultados de este estudio podemos concluir que la incidencia de mucormicosis nasosinusal se duplicó en Irán durante el periodo de pandemia. (AU)

The Effect of Electrical Stimulation Therapy on Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Patients with Tinnitus.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of electric stimulation therapy on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in patients with tinnitus. Materials and methods: In this before-after clinical trial study, 45 patients aged 30-80 years old with tinnitus were involved. The hearing threshold, loudness, and frequency of tinnitus were assessed. Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) questionnaire was completed by the patients. Before holding electrical stimulation sessions, the patients were evaluated for serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level. Patients underwent five electrical stimulation sessions of 20 min for 5 consecutive days. After completion of electrical stimulation session, THI questionnaire was re-completed by the patients and they were evaluated for serum BDNF level. Results: Mean BDNF level before and after the intervention was (1238 ± 494.2) and (1148.2 ± 496.7), respectively (P = 0.04). Mean loudness score before and after the intervention was (6.36 ± 1.47) and (5.27 ± 1.68), respectively (P = 0.01). Mean THI score before and after the intervention was (58.21 ± 11.8) and (53.17 ± 15.19), respectively (p = 0.01). In patients with severe THI1, there was a significant difference between serum BDNF level (p = 0.019) and loudness (p = 0.003) before and after the intervention. However, in patients with mild, moderate, and very severe THI1, no such effect was observed (p > 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, electrical stimulation therapy significantly decreased the mean plasma BDNF level in patients with tinnitus, especially in patients with severe tinnitus so it can be used as a marker to define the response to treatment and determine the severity of tinnitus in primary evaluations.

Sinonasal mucormycosis during 2 years of COVID-19 pandemic in central Iran: incidence rate and clinical features.

INTRODUCTION: As a novel infectious disease, COVID-19 is caused by SARS-COV-2, spreading rapidly worldwide. ENT specialists have faced this challenging disease in various ways since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. We are currently facing an increase in cases referred due to sinonasal mucormycosis which is a rare but invasive, rapidly progressive, and life-threatening infection. We provide an overview of this disease's incidence rate and clinical features. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 46 sinonasal mucormycosis patients who were histopathologically confirmed after sinonasal endoscopic surgery in our educational therapeutic hospital during 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic from March 20, 2020, to March 20, 2022. RESULTS: There was an increase in the incidence of mucormycosis more than twice as much as before. All patients had a history of COVID-19 and 69.6% were diabetic. The median time to symptom onset from COVID-19 detection was 3.3 weeks. A total of 60.9% received steroids while 85.7% were prescribed during COVID-19 treatment. The most common manifestation was orbital involvement (80.4%). Of the 46 study cases, unfortunately, 17 (37%) died. An exciting point in our study was the incidence of peripheral facial palsy which is associated involvement of multiple other cranial nerves (II, III, IV, V, VI) considered to be the likely occurrence of a rare phenomenon called Garcin's syndrome. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, during 2 years of the COVID -19 pandemic, there was an increase in the incidence of sinonasal mucormycosis more than twice as much as before.

The association between metabolic syndrome and the prognosis of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we investigated the association between metabolic syndrome and the prognosis of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, 79 patients with idiopathic SSNHL admitted to the ENT ward were involved. Patients were under treatment with two-dose pulse methylprednisolone and then oral corticosteroid (Prednisolone 1 mg/kg for up to 2 weeks and more). In all patients, the mean hearing threshold was measured before treatment and 3 weeks after the treatment. Metabolic syndrome criteria were assessed in all patients too. Then, based on these diagnostic criteria all data in patients with and without metabolic were compared. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in Hypertension, BMI > 25, high TG and low HDL (p.v = 0.001) between two groups (metabolic syndrome group and non-metabolic syndrome group). The rate of recovered patients was significantly lower in the metabolic syndrome group than in the non-metabolic syndrome group (p.v = 0.001). It was found that metabolic syndrome (OR = 2.02), diabetes mellitus (OR = 7.32), HTN (OR = 4.09), BMI > 25 (OR = 3.24) and high initial hearing threshold (OR = 3.96) were clearly related to the poor prognosis of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: According to the findings of this study, it was found that metabolic syndrome had a negative effect on hearing improvement in patients with idiopathic SSNHL.

Changes in elastic properties of the nasal tip using Columellar strut graft versus tongue-in-groove method over one year after rhinoplasty.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we decided to investigate the changes in elasticity of the nasal tip using Columellar strut graft versus toung in groove method over a year after rhinoplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this before-after randomized clinical trial study, 44 candidates for rhinoplasty were enrolled Columellar strut graft group (n = 22) and toung in groove group (n = 22). Also 22 patients who referred to ENT clinic without any previous rhinoplasty and without any decision for it during the next year, considered as control group. One group underwent columellar strut graft and the other one underwent tongue in groove rhinoplasty and in control group participants received no intervention. Nasolabial angle and elasticity of the nasal tip were recorded and compared before the surgery, immediately after the surgery, 3 months and one year after the surgery. RESULT: There was no significant difference between the mean elasticity of the nose and the nasolabial angle before the surgery, immediately after the surgery and 3 months after the surgery between the groups. However, there was significant differences in the mean elasticity of the nose and the nasolabial angle between the groups one year after the surgery (P value < 0.05). Pearson correlation coefficient test showed a significant correlation between nasal tip elasticity 3 months and 1 year after rhinoplasty (P = 0.032, r = 0.459) and nasolabial angle 3 months and 1 year after rhinoplasty (P = 0.045, r = 0.431). CONCLUSION: According to the results, it can be concluded that the both the Columellar strut graft and toung in groove methods improve elastic properties of the nasal tip and nasolabial angle after rhinoplasty compare to the control group.

The Effect of Gelfoam Impregnated With Botulinum Toxin on Allergic Rhinitis.

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the effect of gelfoam impregnated with botulinum toxin on the symptoms induced by allergic rhinitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 30 patients with allergic rhinitis who did not respond to common therapies were included in this clinical trial study. All patients were treated with intranasal gelfoam impregnated with botulinum toxin type a (40 unit in each side) placed in the middle meatus of each nostril. The main symptoms of allergic rhinitis were scored from zero to three by the patients. Symptoms recorded and compared before and two months after the treatment. RESULT: The mean age of patients was 31.03±6.9 years. The mean score for sneezing was 2.23 before the treatment which significantly decreased to 1.06 after the treatment (P<0.05). The mean scores of rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and nasal itching were 2.53, 2.03, and 1.93, respectively, before the treatment which significantly decreased to 0.93, 1, and 0.8 after the treatment (P<0.05). No reported side effects was observed in this study. CONCLUSION: According to the results, treatment with gelfoam impregnated with botulinum toxin is an effective and safe method in patients who have not responded to common therapies for allergic rhinitis. Accordingly, it is recommended to relieve symptoms in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis in order to maintain the effectiveness of this treatment at least 8 weeks.

Effect of Cold Diet and Diet at Room Temperature on Post-Tonsillectomy Pain in Children.

INTRODUCTION: The present study aimed to compare the effect of cold diet and diet at room temperature on post-tonsillectomy pain in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present study a total of 120 children within the age range of 4-12 years who underwent tonsillectomy were randomly assigned to two groups, namely group C with a cold-served diet and group room temperaturewith a room-temperature-served diet postoperatively. Each patient's post-operative pain was evaluated using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale prior to oral diet initiation after the operation, before thesecond acetaminophen dose, before the next day breakfast, and before discharge. RESULTS: Out of 103 children, 48 and 55 children were femaleand male, respectively. The average age of the children was 7 years and 2 months. There was no significant difference in gender and age between the two groups. There were no significant differences in the mean scores of FLACC scale between the two groups at different times, including before starting an oral diet (P>0.15), before the second dose of acetaminophen (P>0.22), before the next day breakfast (P>0.32), and before discharge (P>0.83). In terms of bleedingfrequency, as well as nausea and vomiting, no significant difference was observed between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The obtained results of this study indicated that using cold liquids and foods after tonsillectomy did not have a significant effect on post-tonsillectomy pain in children. According to the findings, it is not rational to advise the mother or the child about the temperature of fluids and foods consumed post-tonsillectomy.

Comparison of Accuracy of Subjective Measurement of Tip-Supra Tip Difference During Rhinoplasty Between Plastic Surgeons.

INTRODUCTION: This study compared the subjective measurement of difference between the nasal tip and supra tip (TSD) (using eyes) versus objective measurement of TSD (by a ruler) during rhinoplastic surgery to determine the accuracy of subjective measurements among surgeons with varying degrees of experience. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this analytical observational study, 40 cosmetic rhinoplasty candidates were involved. Those with the history of rhinoplastic surgery were excluded from the study. At the end of the operation, the surgeon was asked to estimate the TSD subjectively. The researcher, without the intervention of the surgeon, remeasured TSD by a presterile ruler. The researcher recorded both objective and subjective TSD measurements and the experience of the surgeon in rhinoplasty in the checklist. RESULT: Of 40 cosmetic rhinoplasty candidates, 17 were operated by a surgeon with >10 years' experience (group 1), and 23 by a surgeon with <5 years' experience (group 2). The results indicated that 5 surgeries (29.4%) in group 1 and 6 surgeries (26.1%) in group 2, had 0-mm difference in subjective and objective measurement. The difference of <1 mm between subjective and objective measurement was achieved in 13 surgeries (76.5%) in group 1 and 13 surgeries (56.5%) in group 2 (P = 0.191). CONCLUSION: According to the results, it can be concluded that the surgeon's experience is effective in reducing the differences in measurements of TSD in both measurement modes.

Changes in Nasal Tip and Lateral Nostril Characteristics After the Semi-Tongue-in-Groove Technique in Open Rhinoplasty Surgery.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate postsurgical changes of nasal tip and lateral nostril characteristics after semi-tongue-in-groove (TIG) technique in open rhinoplasty surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective observational study was performed in a before-after setting on 22 patients who underwent open rhinoplasty surgery using semi-TIG technique. Postoperative photographs were analyzed for nasal tip and lateral nostril changes at several time points (1, 4, and 12 weeks after surgery) and were compared with preoperative photographs. Nasal tip support change after the surgery was also assessed using a purpose-designed device. RESULTS: In total, 22 patients were studied (20 females, 2 males). The tip support increased by 98%, 291.8%, and 377% at certain time points after the surgery. The tip rotation increased significantly at all measuring time points, postoperatively. The length of upper lip increased at all time points after semi-TIG technique. Columellar show and nostril length and height decreased significantly after the surgery. CONCLUSION: The characteristics of the nasal tip and lateral nostrils along with nasal tip support showed significant improvement after the semi-TIG technique. Therefore, this technique is recommended in selected rhinoplasty cases to achieve more favorable objective results.

The relationship between endoscopic and radiologic findings and olfactory status of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps before and after the endoscopic sinus surgery.

INTRODUCTION: This study was attempted to investigate the relationship between radiologic and endoscopic findings and pre- and post-operative olfactory scores in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 40 patients aged 19-64 years with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery were involved. The patients' olfactory status was evaluated using Smell Identification Test (Iran SIT) before and 3 months after the surgery. Patients' nasal endoscopic signs were recorded using Modified Lund-Kennedy scoring system before and 3 months after the surgery and radiological symptoms were recorded based on Lund-Mackay CT scoring before the surgery. Then the relationship between olfactory status and endoscopic and radiological findings was investigated. RESULTS: With respect to mean of olfactory score, a significant difference was observed before and after the surgery (p value = 0.001). There was a significant difference between means of pre- and post-operative endoscopy scores (p value = 0.001). Pre-operative endoscopic and CT scan scores had a negative correlation with pre- and post-operative olfactory scores (p value < 0.05). Pre-op. olfactory scores had negative correlation with post-op. endoscopy scores (p value = 0.02). Post-op. olfactory scores had negative correlation with post-op. endoscopy scores but was not statistically significant (p value = 0.22). CONCLUSION: Our results revealed that pre-operative endoscopy and radiology findings were consistent with the olfactory status of patients with CRSwNP before and after endoscopic sinus surgery.

The Effect of Spreader Graft and Mattress Suture Technique on Rhinoplasty in Patients With Nasal Hump Smaller Than 3 mm.

INTRODUCTION: Rhinoplasty is a common plastic surgery that potentially has some complications such as postoperative deformities and breathing problems. A humpy nose is among the main reasons for rhinoplasty. Nasal valve (the narrowest part of the nasal airway) collapse may be occurred after nasal hump removal. Spreader graft is essential after more than 3 mm nasal hump removal. But the value of this graft is unknown for patients with nasal hump smaller than 3 mm. Mattress suture is another technique for widening the nasal valve angle. This study compares the effects of spreader graft and mattress suture technique on postoperative deformity and nasal valve patency in patients with nasal hump smaller than 3 mm as compared with control group (no graft and suture). METHODS: In this clinical trial study 210 patients who underwent rhinoplasty with 2 different techniques involved. Their postoperative deformity and nasal valve patency were evaluated by subjective (questionnaire and digital photography) method before and after rhinoplasty during 6 months follow-up. RESULTS: Statistically, nasal obstruction had no significant difference before and after rhinoplasty and no significant difference was observed between spreader graft and mattress sutures (P > 0.05), but significantly better results than control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In this study the results of nasal valve patency of 2 techniques were similar. Because of several considerations in spreader graft technique such as needing to septoplasty in this technique even in patients without septal deviation that causes longer surgical duration, excessive blood loss, it is recommended to use Mattress suture in patients with nasal hump smaller than 3 mm.

The Role of Immunological Factors on Sudden Sensoryneural Hearing Loss.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we examined the role of immunological factors on sudden sensory neural hearing loss (SSNHL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective case-controlled study was performed in patients with SSNHL who referred to the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) ward. Fifty-six patients with SSNHLoccurring within a 72-hr period were selected as the case group and 56 participants who had no recent history of disease were assigned to the control group. Mean levels of immunological factors including erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF), antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) (C, P), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP), DSM, hemoglobin (Hb), complement component 3 (C3), and complement component 4 (C4) were evaluated in the blood samples in each group. RESULTS: There were 31 male and 25 female participants in the control group, while the case group had 26 male and 30 female participants. The mean age of the participants was 36.2 ± 13.4 years in the control group and 40.80 ± 13.37 years in the case group. The two groups differed significantly in terms of mean ESR, ANA, C3, C4 and monocytes, with higher levels in the case group (P<0.05). However, differences in mean CRP, anti-Ds DNA, Hb, anti-CCP, white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and platelets were not statistically significant between the case and control groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Because some of the immunological factors investigated in this study were significantly higher in patients with SSNHL, it can be concluded that there is an association between these immunological factors and SSNHL. Further studies are recommended to accurately determine the effect of these factors on the development of SSNHL and its treatment.

The effect of lateral crural overlay surgical technique on elasticity of nasal ala.

INTRODUCTION: The nasal tip refinement is the most difficult stages of rhinoplasty surgery; whereas, the most important part in terms of beauty and performance is the projection refinement. Lateral crural overlay (LCO) is a common technique in rhinoplasty used to reduce nasal tip projection and increase nasal tip rotation. Given the important role of lower lateral cartilage (LLC) in the non-collapse of nasal external valve and air passage, it is necessary to evaluate the changes in nasal elasticity caused by surgery. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The design of this quasi experimental study was self-control (before-after). Tip plasty was performed on twenty-four samples (12 cases of rhinoplasty) using LCO technique. To examine the elasticity, the strain index of each ala was measured by a mechanical device, invented by the author, before and after the operation. RESULTS: Out of 24 samples 12 were female and 12 were male. The mean strain index of nasal ala before and after the surgery was 0.24 ± 0.046 and 0.19 ± 0.040 respectively (P < 0.001). The mean strain index of nasal ala before and after surgery for female was 0.27 ± 0.046 and 0.20 ± 0.050 respectively (P = 0.004). For male, it was 0.20 ± 0.018 before and 0.18 ± 0.020 after the surgery. (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Using LCO surgical technique for nasal tip refinement can lead to nasal elasticity increase regardless of gender; although, LLC is cut during implementing this technique.

Comparing nasal packing with trans-septal suturing following septoplasty: a randomized clinical trial.

It has been shown that nasal packing after septoplasty is associated with several complications. Our aim was to compare post-septoplasty nasal packing and trans-septal suturing, in terms of complications and outcome of operation. This randomized clinical trial was performed on patients with deviated nasal septum who were candidates for septoplasty. Patients were visited three times after operation (on the first 48 h, first week, and third post-operative month). Participants were checked for having common complications. Rhinomanometric evaluation was performed to measure nasal air flow and airway resistance, as indicators of operation efficacy, both prior to and after surgery. A total of 72 patients were allocated into the two trial arms. Patients in nasal pack group reported higher pain scores on the first 48 h (P < 0.001) and one week after surgery (P < 0.001). Epiphora (P = 0.028), sleep disturbance (P = 0.012), and dyspnea (P < 0.001) were also more commonly observed in patients using nasal pack. Objective evaluation of bleeding demonstrated that more severe bleeding occurred in patients with trans-septal sutures (P = 0.001). No differences were found comparing the indices of rhinomanometry between the two groups. Using trans-septal sutures after septoplasty compared to nasal packing, might be associated with lower frequencies of several specific complications and a lower rate of patients' discomfort. Nevertheless, increase in the risk of bleeding and hematoma was noted in the trans-septal suture group. No differences were observed between the nasal air flow and resistance of patients in the two groups.

Estimation of sensitivity and specificity of brain magnetic resonance imaging and single photon emission computed tomography in the diagnosis of olfactory dysfunction after head traumas.

BACKGROUND: Olfactory dysfunction has an incidence of 5-10% after head injury. Several objective and subjective tests had been proposed. Recent studies showed that brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have good diagnostic value in this era in which the most common sites of involvement were olfactory bulb and olfactory nerve in MRI and frontal lobe in SPECT. This study aimed to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of brain MRI and brain SPECT in the diagnosis of traumatic hyposmia and anosmia. METHODS: From February 2009 to March 2011, 63 patients with head injury and smell complaint were selected for this study. Using an identification test and a threshold smell test, 28 were anosmic and 27 had hyposmia and the remaining 8 were normosmic. All of them underwent brain MRI and SPECT. RESULTS: The sensitivity of SPECT was 81.5 and 85.7% in hyposmia and anosmia, respectively. Its specificity was 87.5% in anosmia and 87.7% in anosmia. MRI sensitivity was 66.7% in hyposmia but 82.1% in anosmia. Its specificity was 85.7% in anosmia and 87.7% in anosmia. If MRI and SPECT were considered together, the sensitivity was 92.3% in hyposmia and 92% in anosmia, but the specificity was 87% in both cases. CONCLUSION: According to our study, both brain MRI and SPECT have high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of traumatic anosmia, although brain SPECT is slightly superior to MRI. If the two techniques are applied together, the accuracy will be increased.