Unveiling the crucial role of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in secondary diabetic complications.

Diabetes mellitus is associated with secondary complications such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), nephropathy (DN), and cardiomyopathy (DCM), all of which significantly impact patient health. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) has been implicated in inflammatory responses and endothelial dysfunction, both crucial in the pathogenesis of these complications. The goal of this review is to investigate at potential therapy methods that target ICAM-1 pathways and to better understand the multifaceted role of ICAM-1 in secondary diabetic problems. A meticulous analysis of scholarly literature published globally was conducted to examine ICAM-1involvement in inflammatory processes, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress related to diabetes and its complications. Elevated ICAM-1 levels are strongly associated with augmented leukocyte adhesion, compromised microvascular function, and heightened oxidative stress in diabetes. These pathways contribute significantly to DR, DN, and DCM pathogenesis, highlighting ICAM-1 as a key player in their progression. Understanding ICAM-1 role in secondary diabetic complications offers insights into novel therapeutic strategies. Targeting ICAM-1 pathways may mitigate inflammation, improve endothelial function, and ultimately attenuate diabetic complications, thereby enhancing patient health outcomes. Continued research in this area is crucial for developing effective targeted therapies.

Socket-shield technique with minimally invasive osteotomy preparation as well as simultaneous sinus lift utilizing Densah Bur and platelet-rich fibrin membrane followed by immediate implant placement in a symptomatic posterior endodontically treated decayed root stumps site: A case report with 1-year follow-up.

Soft-tissue defect and alveolar bundle bone resorption (horizontally and vertically) are inevitable events following tooth extraction predominately on the buccal aspect which will impact the implant surgical planning starting from implant size selection, position, emergence profile, etc. To overcome the same, complex soft and hard tissue regeneration procedures have been recommended in the literature but they are highly expensive and technique sensitive too. To prevent buccal bone resorption and gain good emergence profile socket-shield technique (SST) is widely recommended. Additionally, in order to improve implant biomechanical primary stability, bone mineral density, and bone to implant contact novel osseodensification approach is recommended for osteotomy preparation and sinus membrane lift whereas platelet rich fibrin (PRF) autograft is a suitable alternative for the protection of Schneiderian membrane during immediate implant placement in sinus sub cavity. The present case report describes the successful single-stage management of symptomatic endodontically maltreated posterior root stumps site utilizing SST in conjunction with Densah Bur and PRF autograft-assisted minimally invasive osteotomy preparation and sinus lift with immediate implant placement.

Clinical and histological comparison of platelet-rich fibrin versus non-eugenol periodontal dressing in the treatment of gingival hyperpigmentation.

BACKGROUND: The platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has proven an immense role in angiogenesis and epithelization in a wound healing process. The present study aims to ascertain PRF's beneficial role in wound healing after depigmentation surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 12 systemically healthy controls included were divided into two groups after scalpel depigmentation procedure. PRF was prepared according to Choukroun's standard protocol. Using split-mouth design after depigmentation, one group received PRF membrane, and in second group non-eugenol periodontal dressing was placed. The participants were evaluated for visual analog scale (VAS), healing index (HI) on 3rd and 5th day. Epithelization test using toluidine blue and histological examination employing punch biopsy was done on the 5th day. RESULTS: On statistical scale, VAS, HI, epithelization test, and histological findings were statistically significant in the two study groups. PRF group proved better epithelization test and inflammatory cell infiltration was less in PRF group which confirmed superior wound healing in the group. CONCLUSION: PRF membrane postdepigmentation provided satisfactory patient comfort and enhanced the wound healing cascade.

Extragingival pyogenic granuloma histologically mimicking capillary hemangioma.

Pyogenic granuloma is a tumor-like proliferation to a non-specific infection. The tumor-like growth is considered to be non-neoplastic in nature and presents in various clinical and histological forms in the oral cavity. Hemangiomas are benign vascular anomalies characterized by benign proliferation of blood vessels. The aim of this article is to drive attention toward the uncommon location of capillary hemangioma on the palate. In spite of their benign nature, intraoral capillary hemangiomas are always clinically important to be diagnosed well in time and suitably managed. The lesion in the present case although clinically diagnosed as pyogenic granuloma gave a histological picture of capillary hemangioma when surgically excised.

Comparative evaluation of locally delivered minocycline and metronidazole in the treatment of periodontitis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of subgingivally delivered Minocycline microspheres and 25% Metronidazole gel when used as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized, controlled, single center study was conducted involving 60 sites in 20 patients suffering from moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis. Each patient contributed three sites which were randomized to three treatment groups: SRP + insertion of Minocycline microspheres at day 1 (Group A), SRP + insertion of Metronidazole gel at day 1 and at day 7 (Group B), and SRP alone (Group C). Gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded at day 1, 1 month, and 3 months post therapy. RESULTS: All treatments showed significant reductions in PPD and CAL at 1 and 3 months when compared to baseline values (P < 0.001). At 3 months, sites treated with minocycline showed an additional reduction in PPD of 0.85 ± 0.03 mm, significantly greater than SRP alone. Differences in mean PPD reduction between Group B and Group C and between Group A and Group B were not significant. At 3 months, difference in CAL gain between Group A and C was 0.50 ± 0.45, which was statistically significant and between Group B and C was 0.35 ± 0.11, which was not found to be statistically significant (P = 0.20). Differences in relative CAL between Group A and Group B were also not found to be statistically significant (P = 0.53). CONCLUSION: The results concluded that treatment with Minocycline microspheres and Metronidazole gel improve PPD and CAL in patients with periodontitis compared to SRP alone.