ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to examine the direct and indirect pathways from childhood socioeconomic status (SES) to the prevalence of edentulism in mid-to-late age Chinese individuals using structural equation modeling (SEM). METHODS: This study analyzed data from 17,032 mid- to-late age Chinese individuals in the 2014 and 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Childhood SES was determined based on the parents' education and occupation, financial situation of the family, primary residence, food availability, and medical convenience. Adulthood SES was established according to educational achievements of the individuals. Edentulism is defined as the loss of all natural teeth. SEM was used to examine the statistical significance of the association between childhood SES and edentulism, mediated by childhood health, adulthood SES, and adult health. RESULTS: Childhood SES had significant indirect (ß = -0.026, p < 0.01), and total (ß = -0.040, p < 0.01) effects on edentulism. It was determined that 65% of the total effect of childhood SES on edentulism was indirect, and mainly mediated by adult SES. Also, the goodness-of-fit indices of the best-fitting model were acceptable. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that childhood health, adult health and adult SES are mediators that explain the relationship between childhood SES and edentulism. The global attention to alleviate the inequality in edentulism should focus on exploring recommendations and intervention strategies from childhood to adulthood, by considering adult SES, childhood and adult health.
Subject(s)
Retirement , Social Class , Adult , Humans , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Socioeconomic Factors , Longitudinal Studies , Educational StatusABSTRACT
The low molecular weight proteins can provide a lot of valuable information of biomarkers. To study these proteins, the high abundance and high molecular weight proteins must be removed prior to analysis. In this work, a simple and inexpensive disc SDS-PAGE to extract low molecular weight proteins from human serum and cutoff proteins larger than 30 kDa was developed. Some experimental conditions were examined. The experimental results obtained by plate SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF MS showed that the molecular weight of extracted proteins was about in the range from 0.3 to 28 kDa. Some experiments, including precipitation of proteins in organic solvents, SPE and cytochrome C test, were carried out and the experimental results demonstrated successful recovery of proteins/peptides with molecular weight from several hundreds of dalton to about 30 kDa. The experimental results obtained by plate SDS-PAGE indicated the repeatability was satisfactory.
Subject(s)
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel/methods , Proteins/isolation & purification , Proteomics/methods , Humans , Molecular Weight , Proteins/chemistry , Reproducibility of Results , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methodsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Cloning and characterization of a novel gene by exon trapping and exon linking at chromosome 8p22. METHODS: A novel gene was cloned using exon trapping and exon linking, and its expression was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Northern blot. RESULTS: A sequence containing 3 exons was found. The sequence is homologous with the putative gene AK024799 which consists of 2880 bp cDNA with 1362 bp open reading frame and codes 454 amino acids with an SH(2) domain. The gene was named SH(2)A at chromosome 8p22. SH(2)A gene is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues with three transcripts. The aberrant expression of SH(2)A gene in some cancers was detected. CONCLUSION: SH(2)A is a novel docking protein of SH(2) signaling protein family, which may play an important role in cellular signal transduction. It relates to the pathogenesis of tumor.
Subject(s)
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/genetics , Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors , Membrane Proteins/genetics , src Homology Domains/genetics , Animals , Blotting, Northern , COS Cells , Carrier Proteins , Chromosome Mapping , Cloning, Molecular , DNA, Complementary/chemistry , DNA, Complementary/genetics , Exons , GTPase-Activating Proteins , Gene Expression , Genes/genetics , Humans , Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins , Introns , Molecular Sequence Data , RNA/genetics , RNA/metabolism , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sequence Analysis, DNA , rac1 GTP-Binding ProteinABSTRACT
PCR-RFLP was used for genotyping of GNB3 C/T in 133 patients with EH and 257 healthy control subjects in the high risk population and in 98 patients with EH and 110 healthy control subjects in general population. Some biochemical tests were performed also. The association between the polymorphism and blood pressure was analyzed by the case-control study. Not association between GNB3 825C/T polymorphism and blood pressure was found in both populations. CT and TT genotypes in women of the high risk population are associated with diastolic blood pressure, serum sodium and calcium. Although GNB3 is not a susceptible gene of hypertension in the northeast Chinese, it still has some effects on regulation of the blood pressure in susceptible women.
Subject(s)
Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics , Hypertension/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic , Female , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Humans , Male , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment LengthABSTRACT
A cDNA of 1694 bp was cloned from human liver Marathon cDNA by means of Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE). The cDNA has an open reading frame at 43-1530 bp encoding 495 amino acid residues and a 17-residue signal peptide. There are four Igc2 domains in the translated polypeptide, which is highly homologous to the human alpha-1B glycoprotein isolated from human plasma. Upon this, we conclude that this cDNA is the alpha-1B glycoprotein precursor gene which has never been cloned before, and it may be a novel member of immunoglobulin superfamily and may involved in the cell recognition and the regulation of cell behavior.
