Surgical indications for solid hepatic benign tumors: An updated literature review.

Hepatic hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia, and hepatic adenoma are the most common benign solid liver tumors. However, their surgical indications have been the subject of debate. Minimally invasive liver resection reduces the cost of surgery and may lead to overtreatment of benign liver tumors. Recently, there has been a growing understanding of the etiology, pathogenesis, and natural history of these tumors. Great progress has also been made in imaging. The use of MRI and contrast agents has improved the accuracy of non-invasive diagnosis of these tumors, and especially in the identification of specific molecular subtypes of liver adenoma. These factors have resulted in alterations of surgical indications for these tumors. This article examines recent literature and it discusses the surgical indications for hepatic hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia, and hepatic adenoma while summarizing modifications in clinical management.

Effects of knockout of long-chain non-coding RNA LSINCT5 on proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and p38MAPK pathway of pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells.

BACKGROUND: Our study aims to investigate the effects of the knockout of long non-coding RNA LSINCT5 (lncRNA LSINCT5) on the proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and p38MAPK pathway of pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells, to provide a basis for searching for the therapeutic targets of pancreatic cancer. METHODS: The laboratory findings and clinical data of 21 patients with pancreatic cancer were retrospectively collected, and the survival rates of patients with high or low lncRNA LSINCT5 expressions were analyzed. PANC-1 cells were randomly divided into the control group, shRNA-NC group, and sh-LSINCT5 group, and the constructed sh-LSINCT5 and shRNA-NC vectors were transfected into the corresponding cells. The successful interference of lncRNA LSINCT5 was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). CCK-8 and spherogenesis assay detected the proliferation and spherogenesis of PANC-1 cells. The apoptosis rate was evaluated by flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to identify the expressions of KI67, PCNA, SOX2, OCT4, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Vimentin and the activation of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9. RESULTS: The survival rate of patients with low lncRNA LSINCT5 expression was higher than that of patients with high lncRNA LSINCT5 expression. Compared with the control group, lncRNA LSINCT5 knockout significantly down-regulated the expressions of KI67, PCNA, SOX2, OCT4, cleaved Caspase-3, cleaved Caspase-9, N-cadherin and Vimentin (all P<0.05) and significantly decreased the cell proliferation, sphere size, and number of spheres in PANC-1 cells (all P<0.05); meanwhile, it up-regulated the protein expression of E-cadherin (P<0.05), along with the significantly increased number of apoptotic PANC-1 cells (P<0.05). In addition, compared with the control group, the level of p38 phosphorylation significantly dropped after lncRNA LSINCT5 knockout (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Knockout of lncRNA LSINCT5 can inhibit the proliferation, EMT, and p38MAPK pathway of PANC-1 cells and meanwhile promote the apoptosis of PANC-1 cells. Therefore, lncRNA LSINCT5 may be a promising therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.

From non-electroactive to electroactive species: highly selective and sensitive detection based on a dual-template molecularly imprinted polymer electrochemical sensor.

A new strategy for sensitive detection using a dual-template molecularly imprinted based electrochemical sensor was developed using thionine as an electrochemical probe. A single-signal for the non-electroactive template and a dual-signal for the electroactive template in the selective and sensitive detection have been achieved on the prepared sensor.

"Sign-on/off" sensing interface design and fabrication for propyl gallate recognition and sensitive detection.

A new strategy based on sign-on and sign-off was proposed for propyl gallate (PG) determination by an electrochemical sensor. The successively modified poly(thionine) (PTH) and molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) showed an obvious electrocatalysis and a good recognition toward PG, respectively. Furthermore, the rebound PG molecules in imprinted cavities not only were oxidized but also blocked the electron transmission channels for PTH redox. Thus, a sign-on from PG current and a sign-off from PTH current were combined as a dual-sign for PG detection. Meanwhile, the modified MIP endowed the sensor with recognition capacity. The electrochemical experimental results demonstrated that the prepared sensor possessed good selectivity and high sensitivity. A linear ranging from 5.0×10(-8) to 1.0×10(-4)mol/L for PG detection was obtained with a limit of detection of 2.4×10(-8)mol/L. And the sensor has been applied to analyze PG in real samples with satisfactory results. The simple, low cost, and effective strategy reported here can be further used to prepare electrochemical sensors for other compounds selective recognition and sensitive detection.

A novel substitution -sensing for hydroquinone and catechol based on a poly(3-aminophenylboronic acid)/MWCNTs modified electrode.

A facile electrochemical sensor for hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CC) determination was successfully fabricated by the modification of poly(3-aminophenylboronic acid) (pAPBA) film and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on a glassy carbon electrode (pAPBA/MWCNTs/GCE). The prepared sensor was characterized by scanning electron microscope and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Under optimal conditions, differential pulse voltammetry was employed to quantify individual HQ and CC within the concentration range of 5.0 × 10(-7)-4.0 × 10(-5) mol L(-1) and 7.0 × 10(-6)-1.0 × 10(-4) mol L(-1), respectively. Based on the covalent binding between the boronic acid groups of pAPBA film and the cis-diol-containing molecule, a novel substitution-sensing strategy was proposed for the highly sensitive determination of CC. With the addition of CC into HQ solution, covalent interaction between CC and APBA occurred and the HQ was displaced by CC, resulting in a decrease of HQ oxidation peak current and the increase of the CC oxidation peak current. The summation of both current changes (Δ|IHQ| + Δ|ICC|) were combined for CC sensitive detection in a concentration range of 4.0 × 10(-8)-1.7 × 10(-5) mol L(-1) with a limit of detection of 4.3 × 10(-9) mol L(-1). The sensor was successfully applied to the determination of CC in spiked water samples.

Electrochemical sensor for paracetamol recognition and detection based on catalytic and imprinted composite film.

A new strategy for a composite film based electrochemical sensor was developed in this work. A layer of conductive film of poly(p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid) (pABSA) was electropolymerized onto glassy carbon electrode surface and exhibited a high electrocatalytic active for paracetamol (PR) redox. The subsequent formation of a layer of molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) film on pABSA modified electrode endowed the sensor with plentiful imprinted cavities for PR specific adsorption. The advantages of the composite film made the prepared sensor display high sensitivity and good selectivity for PR detection and recognition. Under the optimal conditions, the sensor could recognize PR from its interferents. A linear ranging from 5.0 × 10(-8) to 1.0 × 10(-4)mol/L for PR detection was obtained with a detection limit of 4.3 × 10(-8)mol/L. The sensor has been applied to analyze PR in tablets and human urine samples with satisfactory results. The simple, low cost, and efficient strategy reported here can be further used to prepare electrochemical sensors for other compounds recognition and detection.