[Effects of Land Use Patterns on Soil Microplastic Pollution in the Luoshijiang Sub-watershed of Erhai Lake Basin].

Microplastic pollution in the soil environment has received extensive attention, but the effects of different land use patterns on the sub-watershed scale on soil microplastic pollution are poorly understood. The Luoshijiang sub-watershed in the north of Erhai Lake was selected as the research object, and the characteristics of microplastic pollution in farmland, riparian zone, grassland, and woodland soils were analyzed. The pollution risks of microplastics in the four types of soil were assessed using the polymer risk index method, and the effects of land use patterns on the distribution and risk of microplastic pollution were further explored. The results showed that:① The abundance of microplastics in the soil of the Luoshijiang sub-watershed ranged from 220 to 1 900 n·kg-1, and the average abundance was (711 ± 55) n·kg-1. The main polymer types were polyester (PES, 32.52%) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET, 21.95%). The particle size of microplastics was concentrated in the range of 0.5-2 mm (61.89%). Fiber was the main shape of microplastics (>75%), and the dominant color was transparent (58.50%). ② Land use patterns determined the abundance and pollution characteristics of soil microplastics in the Luoshijiang sub-watershed. A significantly higher abundance of microplastics was found in the soil of farmland[(885 ± 95) n·kg-1] and riparian zone[(837 ± 155) n·kg-1], which had stronger intensities of human activity, than that in woodland soil[(491 ± 53) n·kg-1] (P<0.05). Film and fragment microplastics mainly occurred in farmland soil, which also had the largest number of polymer types and the most abundant colors. ③ The risk index level of microplastics (Level Ⅲ) in the soil of farmland was higher than that of the other three land use patterns (Level Ⅰ). This research indicated that the higher the intensity of human activities of a sub-watershed was, the more complex the occurrence characteristics of soil microplastics, the richer the types of polymers, and the higher the potential pollution risks would be. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the control of soil microplastic pollution in farmland.

Enhanced Immune Response Improves Resistance to Cadmium Stress in Triploid Crucian Carp.

Previous research has indicated that triploid crucian carp (3n fish) have preferential resistance to cadmium (Cd) compared to Carassius auratas red var. (2n fish). In this article, comparative research is further conducted between the 2n and 3n fish in terms of the immune response to Cd-induced stress. Exposure to 9 mg/L Cd for 96 h changed the hepatic function indexes remarkably in the 2n fish, but not in the 3n fish. In the serum of Cd-treated 2n fish, the levels of alanine amino transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, adenosine deaminase, and total bilirubin significantly increased, while the levels of total protein, albumin, lysozyme, and anti-superoxide anion radicals decreased demonstrating hepatotoxicity. By analysis of transcriptome profiles, many immune-related pathways were found to be involved in the response of 3n fish to the Cd-induced stress. Expression levels of the immune genes, including the interleukin genes, tumor necrosis factor super family member genes, chemokine gene, toll-like receptor gene, and inflammatory marker cyclooxygenase 2 gene were significantly enhanced in the hepatopancreas of the Cd-treated 3n fish. In contrast, the expression levels of these genes decreased in the 2n fish. This research provides a theoretical basis for polyploid fish breeding and is helpful for the ecological restoration of water due to pollution.

1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits transforming growth factor β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition via β-catenin pathway / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#The transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been proven associated with the pathogenesis of asthmatic airway remodeling, in which the Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays an important role, notably with regard to TGF-β1. Recent studies have shown that 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3(1α, 25(OH)2D3) inhibits TGF-β1-induced EMT, although the underlying mechanism have not yet been fully elucidated.@*METHODS@#Alveolar epithelial cells were exposed to 1α, 25(OH)2D3, ICG-001, or a combination of both, followed by stimulation with TGF-β1. The protein expression of E-cadherin, α-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, and β-catenin was analyzed by western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. The mRNA transcript of Snail was analyzed using RT-qPCR, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) activity was analyzed by gelatin zymogram. The activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was analyzed using the Top/Fop flash reporters.@*RESULTS@#Both 1α, 25(OH)2D3 and ICG-001 blocked TGF-β1-induced EMT in alveolar epithelial cells. In addition, the Top/Fop Flash reporters showed that 1α, 25(OH)2D3 suppressed the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and reduced the expression of target genes, including MMP-9 and Snail, in synergy with ICG-001.@*CONCLUSION@#1α, 25(OH)2D3 synergizes with ICG-001 and inhibits TGF-β1-induced EMT in alveolar epithelial cells by negatively regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Correlation of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection with Prognosis of Children with Acute B Lymphoblastic Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the correlation of EB virus infection with the prognosis of B-ALL children.@*METHODS@#The peripheral blood of children with newly diagnosed B-ALL admitted in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2012 to December 2017 were collected, and the EBV DNA in plasma was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The clinical data of B-ALL children were collected and the correlation of EBV infection with the prognosis of B-ALL children was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Among 162 B-ALL children, the EBV infection rate was 41.36%. Univariate analysis showed that the B-ALL children with EBV infection had the poor prognosis and higher risk of shorter survival time, as compared with B-ALL children without EBV infection (HR=2.373, 95% CI: 1.129-4.987) (P＜0.05), the multivariate analysis showed that the result was consistent with result of univariate analysis indicating that EBV infection was an independent predictor for poor prognosis of B-ALL children.@*CONCLUSION@#The EBV infection may play an important role in the occurrence and progression of B-ALL and is an independent predictor for poor prognosis, therefore the detection of EBV DNA in plasma of B-ALL children possesses an important significance for evaluation of B-ALL children's prognosis.

Optimization of extraction process of total triterpenoid from root of Rose odorata var.gigantean by orthogonal test and its inhibitory effect on contraction of isolated rat intestinal smooth muscle / 药物评价研究

Objective To optimize the extraction technology of total triterpenoid from root of Rose odorata var.gigantean (TTROG) by orthogonal test combined with the contraction effect of TTROG on the isolated intestinal smooth muscle of rats in vitro.Methods UV spectrophotometric method was used to determine the contents of total triterpenoids in the TTROG extractive at the wavelength of 550 nm by taking ursolic acid as standard substance,and vanillin acetic acid as chromogenic reagent.The extraction rate of total triterpenoids was used as index to evaluate the technology based on single factor test,in which three factors were considered as follows:the concentration of extraction solvent,ratio of material to liquid,extraction time,and their interaction on extraction were studied by orthogonal experimental design.The inhibition effect of different extracts obtained from the optimized extraction process on the contraction of intestinal smooth muscle were recorded by tension transducer to the BL-420 biological experimental multi-channel physiological signal acquisition and processing system.The extraction process of TTROG was evaluated by the combination of biological activity and extraction rate with weighting method.Results The optimal extraction conditions of TTROG were as follows:extraction solvent 80％ ethanol,solid-liquid ratio 1∶10,extraction time for 2 h,three times and extraction temperature of 80 ℃.The optimized extraction rate could reach 42.12 mg/g.TTROG obtained using the optimized method showed significantly contraction effect on rat intestinal smooth muscle with dose effect dependence,and the effect on jejunum was the strongest,and the inhibition rate was 41.96％.Conclusion The optimized extraction technology is stable and effective with high extraction rate.TTROG showed the significant inhibitory function on contraction of isolated rat intestinal smooth muscle.

Effects of different cryopreservation methods on the ultrastructure and viability of amniotic membrane / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: There are currently many cryopreservation methods for the aminotic membrane, which have varying effects on the ultrastructure and biological activity of amniotic membrane, but on no one is effective. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of different cryopreservation methods on the ultrastructure and viability of aminotic membrane and to seek the ideal cryopreservation method. METHODS: Aminotic membrane separated from the fresh placenta was preserved respectively with deep-frozen cryopreservation and vitrification, and everyway was run for 3 and 6 months. Fresh aminotic membrane was used as control. The ultrastructure of aminotic membrane was observed by transmission electron microscopy, and the viability of aminotic membrane was assessed by microcomputer analysis system for biological oxygen consumption, and immunohistochemical staining combined with image analysis system was used for lactate dehydrogenase activity. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 3 and 6 months of crypreservation, the damage to the ultrastructure of aminotic membrane by vitreous cryopreservation was slighter than that of amniotic membrane cryopreserved at-80℃. Compared with the fresh aminotic membrane, the gray value of lactate dehydrogenase and partial pressure of oxygen were significantly decreased in the cryopreserved aminotic membrane by deep-frozen cryopreservation at 3 and 6 months (P < 0.05) and by vitreous cryopreservation at 6 months (P < 0.05), but there was no statisticaly significant difference in the change rate of oxygen partial pressure and the gray value of lactate dehydrogenase between the fresh aminotic membrane and the cryopreserved aminotic membrane by vitreous cryopreservation at 3 months. The present study led to the conclusion that vitreous cryopreservation protocol alows to not only maintain the integrity of AM, but also to preserve the viability of the cels. So the vitreous cryopreservation is superior to the deep-frozen cryopreservation for cryopreservation of aminotic membrane.

[Study on pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics correlation of Danshensu in rats with focal cerebral ischemia].

To study the pharmacokinetic process of Danshensu in cerebal ischemia injury model rats and the correlation with its anti-cerebral ischemia effect. In this study, the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established, in which all of the rats were intravenously injected of Danshensu at a single dose of 40 mg x kg(-1). The HPLC-DAD method was applied to determine the plasma concentration of Danshensu at different time points and draw the drug-time curve. Meanwhile, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were determined to draw the time-effect curve. The DAS 3.2. 6 software was used to process the data, analyze their correlation, compare the pharmacokinetic difference between model and normal rats after the administration of the same doses of Danshensu and the changes in pharmacodynamic indicators of model rats after the administration, and evaluate the effect of Danshensu in treating the cerebral ischemia disease. According to the results, the pharmacokinetic processes of Danshensu in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and normal rats were consistent to the two-compartment model. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were: t1/2alpha were (0.267 +/- 0.026), (0.148 +/- 0.020) h;t1/2beta were (1.226 +/- 0.032), (1.182 +/- 0.082) h; AUC0-infinity were (42.168 +/- 4.007), (26.881 +/- 1.625) mg x L(-1) x h. After the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, the activity of SOD decreased and the activity of LDH increased. Danshensu could inhibit the decrease in the SOD activity and the increase in the LDH activity within a certain period of time. This indicated that Danshensu could stay longer in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats than in normal rats and eliminated more slowly, which reflected the rationality of Danshensu in the clinical treatment of cerebral ischemia diseases. Danshensu's effect against the cerebral ischemic injury may be related with its level in vivo. Its plasma concentration is positively related to the SOD activity and negatively related to the LDH activity.

Antitumor effect and mechanism of an ellagic acid derivative on the HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line.

In the present study, to identify the effective components of Chinese traditional herbs, Euphorbia hylonoma Hand.-Mazz. (Euphorbiaceae), a folk herb that has been used among the Qinling mountain area for hundreds of years, was investigated. 3,3'-Di-O-methyl ellagic acid-4'-O-ß-d-xylopyranoside (JNE2), an ellagic acid derivative, was isolated from the acetone extract of the herb and its antitumor activity against human hepatoma HepG2 cells was detected in vitro. The results showed that JNE2 inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner and blocked the cell cycle at the G1/S phase. A high dosage of JNE2 induced apoptosis of the tumor cells, but no significant differences were identified between the treatment groups. The invasiveness of HepG2 cells was also inhibited by JNE2. The mechanism of the antitumor effect of JNE2 at the molecular level was presumed to be due to the upregulation of the protein expression of Bax and caspase-3, and the downregulation of the protein expression of Bcl-2 and CCND1. The results suggested that JNE2 is a potential antitumor agent that merits further investigation.

Dynamic processes of indigenous microorganisms from a low-temperature petroleum reservoir during nutrient stimulation.

Compared to medium-high temperature petroleum reservoirs (30°C-73°C), little is known about microbial regulation by nutrients in low-temperature reservoirs. In this study, we report the performance (oil emulsification and biogas production) and community structure of indigenous microorganisms from a low-temperature (22.6°C) petroleum reservoir during nutrient stimulation. Culture-dependent approaches indicated that the number of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria (HOB), nitrate-reducing bacteria (NRB) and methane-producing bacteria (MPB) increased by between 10- and 1000-fold, while sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were observed at low levels during stimulation. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that Pseudomonas, Ochrobactrum, Acinetobacter, Halomonas and Marinobacter, which have the capability to produce surfactants, were selectively enriched. Methanoculleus, Methanosaeta, Methanocorpusculum and Methanocalculus showed the largest increase in relative abundance among archaea. Micro-emulsion formed with an average oil droplet diameter of 14.3 µm (ranging between 4.1 µm and 84.2 µm) during stimulation. Gas chromatographic analysis of gas production (186 mL gas/200 mL medium) showed the levels of CO2 and CH4 increased 8.97% and 6.21%, respectively. Similar to medium-high temperature reservoirs, HOB, NRB, SRB and MPB were ubiquitous in the low-temperature reservoir, and oil emulsification and gas production were the main phenomena observed during stimulation. Oil emulsification required a longer duration of time to occur in the low-temperature reservoir.

Preliminary clinical observations on autologous cultured skin fibroblasts transplantation to treat the facial soft tissue deficiencies / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect and safety of autologous cultured skin fibroblasts transplantation for treating depressed facial skin defects.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 19 patients were treated from Jan, 2010 to Oct, 2010. Autologous skin fibroblasts were separated from postauricular skin biopsy or resected skin tissue in other surgeries such as blepharoplasty. They were cultured and expanded with exclusive method. Cells (2 x 10(7)/ml) within three passages were injected intradermally at the site of skin depression three times at one-month interval. Adverse events were observed and recorded. Clinical effects were evaluated and graded by two unrelated physicians before and 6 months after the first injection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Cells from 16 patients were successfully cultured at the first time. The other 3 patients underwent a second harvest. A total amount of 6 x 10(8) cells could be reached within three passages in 45 days. 16 out of 19 patients accomplished the whole course of this study. Minor adverse events were observed in two patients including small ulcer caused by over injection in one patient and slightly redness and swelling in the other. The redness disappeared after a week without any treatment. No serious complications were observed. Significant difference was noticed between the scores obtained before and after the treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>From this study, neither serious complications nor excessive cell proliferation or scar formation was found after cell injection. The effect of using autologous fibroblast transplantation was obvious and long-lasting, which provides a new choice for the treatment of depressed facial skin defects.</p>

[Analysis of petroleum fraction from flower, stem and leaf of Aconitum taipeicum by GC-MS].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the chemical constituents of petroleum fraction of Aconitum taipeicum. METHODS: The methanol extract of Aconitum taipeicum were extracted by petroleum and then analyzed by GC-MS. The compounds were quantitatively determined by normalization method. RESULTS: Twenty eight compounds were separated and identified. Most of them were alkane, fat acids and their esters and alkenes. The Nonacosane covered 13.057% of the total peaks, while 19-methyl-18,21-Hexatriacontanediether 8.180%, Ethylen eglycol monooctadecy ether 7.851%, 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol 7.805%, Metahyl Palmitate 6.676% and so on. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of constituents from the flower, stem and leaf of Aconitum taipeicum. The results will provide foundation for further exploitation and use of Aconitum taipeicum.

Risk Factors for Infection on Drainage Set after Implants or Expander Transplantation / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To study the risk factors related to the infection in the patients with the breast implant and soft tissue expander postoperatively,such as the time of drainage and retro-irrigation.METHODS Thirty consecutive patients who underwent breast implants and soft tissue expander involving at least two sites and set negative pressure drainage tube were studied.For each patient with drainages at two sites,one was retro-irrigated during the early stage postoperatively,the other was not.The samples were from the skin out of the drainage tube,the drainage tube out of skin and the end of drainage after 2,4,6 and 8 days of the operation and at the time of removing the tube.Total samples were tested for bacteriology.RESULTS Samples were divided into two groups: common groups and retro-irrigated group with negative pressure drainage.A total of samples from each group for bacterial test were 170.The postive rate was 2.94% and 1.76%,respectively(P=0.474).The positive rate of bacterial test was closely related to the time at all 3 different sampling sites(P

The Diagnostic Value of Radionuclide Imaging in Hepatic Adenoma / 中国现代普通外科进展

Objective:To evaluate the accuracy and ch aracteristics of combined use of 99Tcm-sulfur colloid (SC)and 9 9Tcm-diethyliminodiacetic acid (EHIDA)imaging on the diagnosis of hepat ic adenoma (HA). Methods:8 patients with HA were involved in this study.All of them were studied by nuclear medicine (NM)with dual-radiopharmaceuticals.The 99 Tcm-SC imaging was perfomed first ,then the 99Tcm-EHIDA im aging two days later,and the ratios between lesions and normal liver tissue(L/N) were calculated in terms of different counts within the same size regions of int erest (ROI) in different phases(30min,1h and 2h respectively).Some of the cases were also analysed by CT and/or MRI within one week before the operations. Results:All of the cases were submitted to surgical treatment and c onfirmed diagnosis of HA by pathology. For HA, scintigrahy presented a accuracy of 100%(8/8),which was higher than that of CT and MRI comparatively.For 99 Tcm-EHIDA imaging,there were significant differences in L/N ratios among different phases(30min,1h and 2h). Conclusion:The results show that radionuclide imaging proved to be a safe,invasive and effcetive method on the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of HA,especially ,when CT and/or MRI findings are not typical.

Determination of flavone for Scutellaria baicalensis from different areas by HPLC / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To describe the difference between native and nonative herbs by determining contents of seven kinds of flavone for twenty-five samples from seventeen areas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HPLC. Fluid phase: MEOH-H2O-CH3COOH(ICE) (41:59:0.2) and (50:50:0.2). Detection wavelength: 275.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The contents of baicalin are 6%-9%, wogenin are 2%-8%, baicalein are 0.1%-1.6%, neobaicalein are 0.01%-0.2%, wogonin are 0.01%-0.3%, visidulin and oroxylin are trace amounts or undetected.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The native and nonative herbs have no distinct differce in absolute component ratio. The ratio of baicalin and wogenin is under three. The ratio of baicalin and baicalein, baicalin and wogonin is between twenty and fifty.</p>