Tinea Versicolor in a Three-Month Infant: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Tinea versicolor (TV) is a superficial fungal disease caused by Malassezia furfur, most commonly affecting adolescents and adults. TV is uncommon among newborns, particularly those aged under one year. Poor hygiene and perspiration, immunosuppression, the use of oils and greasy lotions, hyperhidrosis, and corticosteroids may all contribute to the appearance of the condition. It is clinically distinguished by hypopigmentation or hyperpigmentation. Most often, it occurs over the trunk. Treatment for TV usually begins with the use of a topical antifungal. This case report presents a rare TV in a three-month-old boy who exhibited multiple hypopigmented macules on his trunk without pruritus. Examination of the wood lamp showed bright yellow fluorescent lesions. The potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation revealed yeast and short mycelial forms, confirming the diagnosis of TV. The baby was given a clotrimazole solution for topical use twice a day. KOH preparation was negative, and the lesions had improved at the time of the two-month follow-up. This case highlights the importance of considering TV as a potential diagnosis in infants with atypical skin manifestations, although it is more commonly seen in older individuals.

The Role of Systemic and Topical Beta-Blockers in Dermatology: A Systematic Review.

INTRODUCTION: Beta-blockers are proven to be safe and cost-effective agents in treating multiple dermatological conditions, which is why they are considered as an interesting and good alternative therapeutic agent by dermatologists. To our knowledge, there has been no comprehensive systematic review to date summarizing the role of both systemic and topical beta-blockers in dermatology. METHODS: In this systematic review, we aim to review recent and relevant published literature in order to provide a comprehensive evidence-based summary to inform dermatologists. RESULTS: An electronic-based literature search was carried out during October-December 2021 in the databases PubMed (MEDLINE), SCOPUS (EMBASE), and Cochrane Library. Furthermore, bibliographic sources were also reviewed for the selected articles. We followed The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses 2020 (PRISMA) guidelines. We reviewed published literature about the role of beta-blockers in dermatology for the time period (January 2016 to December 2021). CONCLUSIONS: A total of 126 publications were retrieved from different databases, of which 59 studies were finally included in our review after excluding non-eligible literature in accordance with our inclusion and exclusion criteria. The included articles consisted of meta-analyses, systematic reviews, clinical trials, retrospective and prospective cohort studies, case-control studies, case series, and case reports. In general, data in reviewed literature showed that both systemic and topical beta-blockers were reliable and safe therapeutic options in treating different dermatoses. Their effect has been studied as a mono-therapy, also as an adjuvant therapy combined with other current disease-specific therapeutic modalities such as lasers, radiation, chemotherapy, corticosteroids, or other beta-blockers options. Local and systemic adverse effects were mainly minor and non-significant.

Case Report: Bi-allelic missense variant in the desmocollin 3 gene causes hypotrichosis and recurrent skin vesicles.

Background: Hypotrichosis with Recurrent Skin Vesicles (HYPTSV) is an extremely rare condition, having autosomal recessive inheritance. Here in we report a 4-years- old Saudi boy who presented with a history of recurrent skin blisters that are localized to the extremities and hypotrichosis since birth. Methods: The present study describes a consanguineous Saudi family segregating HYPTSV in an autosomal recessive fashion. A single proband (II-1) exhibited features such as diffused non-scarring alopecia on the scalp, intraepidermal blister, post-inflammatory hyperpigmented macules, and follicular hyperkeratosis. DNA of the index was subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Furthermore, 3D protein modeling was performed for the mutated and normal protein. Results: WGS revealed a novel bi-allelic missense variant (c.154G>C; p. Val52Leu) in the DSC3 gene, which segregated perfectly using Sanger sequencing. In addition, 3D protein modeling revealed a substantial change in the mutated DSC3 protein as compared to the normal DSC3 protein. Conclusion: This is the 3rd novel variant reported in the DSC3 gene associated with the HYPTSV phenotype. This report further strengthens the evidence that bi-allelic variants in the DSC3 cause severe HYPTSV in humans.

Patterns of Dermatological Diseases in Inpatient Consultations at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: An Underexploited Opportunity for Dermatology Clinical Training.

Background Inpatient dermatological care represents an opportunity to improve dermatological care among the population as well as to enhance clinical exposure for residents and medical trainees. Objective We conducted this study to analyze the pattern of dermatological conditions encountered in inpatient settings and the modalities of management at a tertiary care hospital. Method We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed electronic records of all inpatient consultations carried out by the dermatology consultants and specialists between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020. Demographic and specific and non-specific clinical data were collected and analyzed by dividing the skin disorders and treatments into categories, where relevant. Result Five hundred and seventy-one inpatient dermatological consultations were carried out, involving 453 patients. Older age groups were predominant, including 50-70 years (27.4%) and >70 years (21.0%). The female to male ratio was 1.19. The majority of the consultations (388/571, 68.1%) were requested from the adult medical wards; internal medicine (23.8%), hematology (13.7%), and oncology (9.1%) being the most frequented wards. A biopsy was carried out in 57 (10.0%) of the cases. The most prevalent diagnoses included dermatitis (16.3%), intertrigo (8.1%), and xerosis (6.8%). Besides, 10 cases of skin cancer or metastasis were diagnosed by the dermatologist. The diagnosed skin condition was drug-induced in 57 (10.0%) of the cases, and nine of them were due to chemotherapy. Pharmaceutical treatments consisted of more frequently used corticosteroids (51.5%), antibiotics (36.4%), and antifungal agents (20.8%), with the majority of these by topical route. Conclusion A broad range of dermatological conditions are diagnosed in our inpatient setting, representing a good educational opportunity for trainee dermatologists. The implementation of digital photography could enhance the documentation of dermatological conditions, which would have beneficial effects on both care quality and education.

Isolated hypoplasia of the abdominal wall associated with fetal parvovirus B19 infection.

We report a rare case of a preterm infant with a diagnosis of hydrops fetalis, associated with parvovirus B19 infection. At birth, the infant had severe ascites. She recovered and was discharged in later good condition. In follow-up at 10 years of age, she still had severe isolated hypoplasia of the abdominal muscles. Isolated hypoplasia of the abdominal muscles after parvovirus B19 infection appears to be a separate entity, which should be differentiated from other abdominal wall anomalies.