Subject(s)
Celiac Disease , Humans , Nutritional Status , Energy Intake , Eating , Body Composition , DietABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Health is an important motivation for the consumption of both organic and functional foods. Organic food contains fewer pesticide residues and statistically more selected health-related compounds such as polyphenols in plant products and polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk and meat products. Recent studies suggest that the gut-liver axis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, so probiotics could be a therapeutic tool. Comparing the health effects of yoghurt from organic origin with so-called conventional yoghurt is difficult, because there is no biomarker that would signal the difference with good specificity and sensitivity. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate numerous biomarkers to evaluate the difference between yoghurt from conventional and organic origin and their health effects in NAFLD. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We performed a prospective, cohort study consisting of 37 (age = 51.73 ± 11.82, male = 21, female = 16) patients with NAFLD at the 2nd Department of Internal Medicine of the Semmelweis University, Budapest. Diagnosis of NAFLD was based on ultrasonography and the exclusion of other etiololgy. The patients were examined also with shear wave elastography to evaluate the hepatic fibrosis stage. We divided the patients randomly into two groups. The patients consumed individually daily 300 grams of yoghurt from organic (n = 21) or conventional (n = 16) origin for 8 weeks. We collected 37 routine laboratory data, measured 4 cytokines, 3 markers of the redox-homeostasis and 14 body composition values before, after, and 12 weeks after the yoghurt consumption. RESULTS: We found a mild elevation of vitamin D and a minimal reduction of LDL after the yoghurt consumption, but in the other 35 routine laboratory data there was no statistical difference. Adiponectin and leptin levels were elevated after the yoghurt consumption in the "conventional group". In contrast, we found significant decrease of adiponectin levels in the "organic group" after the treatment. Only the adiponectin tendency was different in the two groups. The induced free radical content was also statistically lower after the yoghurt consumption. In the body composition measurements, there were no significant differences. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that adiponectin could be a possible biomarker to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotic treatment in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Our work can serve as a basis for future studies investigating relationships between organic yoghurt consumption and health outcomes. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(35): 1466-1474.
Subject(s)
Adiponectin/metabolism , Body Composition/physiology , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/therapy , Probiotics/pharmacology , Yogurt/microbiology , Cohort Studies , Elasticity Imaging Techniques , Food, Organic , Humans , Middle Aged , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/diagnostic imaging , Probiotics/administration & dosage , Prospective Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Inflammatory bowel diseases can cause malnutrition (due to inflammatory cytokine production, catabolic states after surgery, restricted diet), which is difficult to treat by nutritional therapy. AIM: Investigating the efficacy of nutrition therapy. METHOD: Combined malnutrition risk screening (questionnaires and body composition analysis), at the beginning of the research and after a 1 year period. RESULTS: 205 patients were screened, 82 were malnourished. A total of 44 received nutritional intervention for 1 year, for 45% dietary management was satisfactory, 50% needed oral nutritional supplements and 5% received home parenteral nutrition. These interventions reduced the number of patients considered by both measuring methods in high risk from 31 to 21, increased the body weight and fat-free mass in 8 and 9 cases significantly (i.e., with more than 10%), and improved the indices as well (ΔBMI: +1.3 kg/m2, p = 0.035 s., ΔFFMI: +0.5 kg/m2, p = 0.296 n.s.). The main limitations of our research are the relatively low number of cases and the mono-centric involvement. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend combined malnutrition risk screening for all patients with inflammatory bowel disease due to the high risk of malnutrition, and follow-up of the malnourished patients to monitor the efficacy of their nutrition therapy. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(19): 731-739.
Subject(s)
Dietary Supplements , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/diet therapy , Malnutrition/drug therapy , Nutritional Status , Nutritional Support/methods , Body Mass Index , Female , Humans , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/complications , Male , Malnutrition/etiology , Malnutrition/prevention & control , Nutrition Therapy/methods , Prebiotics , ProbioticsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at a high risk of malnutrition and retain an altered body composition. We hypothesized that anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) alpha therapy may improve dietary intake and have a beneficial influence on body composition in these patients. METHODS: Our study involved 40 IBD outpatients (33 Crohn's disease, 7 ulcerative colitis); 24 of these received adalimumab (160/80/40EOW) and 16 were treated with infliximab (5 mg/kg at week 0, 2, 6, and subsequently every 8 weeks). Body composition was measured with bioelectrical impedance analysis, while dietary intake was recorded prior to initiating biologicals and 3 months afterwards. Body composition indexes: fat-free mass index [FFMI], body fat mass index [BFMI]) were calculated in kg/m2. RESULTS: Baseline BMI (kg/m2) and muscle parameters increased significantly at the end of the observational period (BMI: 23.81+/-7.19 vs. 24.52+/-7.34, p<0.001; FFMI: 17.64+/-3.00 vs. 18.14+/-3.08, p<0.001; at week 0 vs. 12, respectively). However, no significant changes were detected in the fat parameters (BFMI: 6.21+/-5.20 vs. 6.44+/-5.27, respectively). We found no significant difference between the effects of adalimumab vs. infliximab on body composition (deltaFFMI: 0.55+/-0.82 vs. 0.43+/-0.69; deltaBFMI: 0.23+/-0.85 vs. 0.21+/-1.01, respectively). No significant difference was observed in the extent of changes in parameters whether the patients were on corticosteroids (n=15) or not (n=25) at week 0 (deltaFFMI: 0.44+/-0.84 vs 0.59+/-0.72; deltaBFMI: 0.36+/-1.12 vs. 0.09+/-0.71, respectively). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that muscle parameters improved during the anti-TNF induction therapy, while fat parameters did not change significantly. Thus, induction anti-TNF therapy might have a beneficial effect on body composition.
