ABSTRACT
Sixteen dogs and 14 anatomic tibiae were studied to determine the effect of a pressurized brace on a canine tibial fracture model. Bilateral tibial fractures were treated with an external fixator for 48 days. At 48 days, the pressurized brace was applied to one tibia, and a conventional cast was applied to the opposite tibia. The dogs were allowed unrestricted weight bearing until 88 days. Postmortem biomechanical studies indicated that tibiae were stronger on the side treated by the pressurized brace. This was reflected in torque values, energy, and degrees of rotation. The histomorphometry of the periosteal bone of the fracture sites disclosed a more dense periosteal callus on the side treated with a pressurized brace. In vitro mechanical studies in cadaveric tibias at 30 degrees rotation indicated that the pressurized brace provided significantly more stability.
Subject(s)
Braces , External Fixators , Fracture Fixation/methods , Fracture Healing , Tibial Fractures/surgery , Animals , Casts, Surgical , Dogs , PressureABSTRACT
The lipopolysaccharides of enteric gram-negative bacteria and the lipooligosaccharides (LOS) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae may share antigenic determinants that are targets of bactericidal antibody. Natural (disseminated) infection with a serum-resistant gonococcal strain and immunization with Escherichia coli J5 stimulated bactericidal IgG anti-LOS antibodies that recognize different serum-resistant gonococcal LOS epitopes. In bactericidal assays, convalescent serum from disseminated infection killed only the homologous strain while post-J5 vaccination serum killed 6 of 9 additional strains. Both convalescent and post-J5 vaccination sera mediated marker (51Cr) release from liposomes sensitized with serum-resistant gonococcal LOS (homologous strain), linking acquired killing activity to cross-reacting anti-LOS antibody. Post-J5 IgG mediated 51Cr release more effectively than did convalescent IgG. Thus, bactericidal antibody elicited by J5 vaccination is more efficacious and broadly cross-reactive against serum-resistant gonococci than is antibody elicited by natural infection. Moreover, multiple LOS epitopes may serve as bactericidal targets on serum-resistant gonococci.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis , Antigens, Bacterial/immunology , Escherichia coli/immunology , Lipopolysaccharides/immunology , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/immunology , Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology , Blotting, Western , Cross Reactions , Epitopes/immunology , Escherichia coli/genetics , Humans , Liposomes , MutationABSTRACT
Hibernoma is a rare soft-tissue tumor clinically presenting as a firm, freely movable, nontender mass, most commonly in the interscapular region. It is slow growing and usually asymptomatic. Examination of the overlying skin may demonstrate evidence of hypervascularity. On gross examination, the tumor is encapsulated and highly vascular, with its color varying from tan to reddish brown. Microscopic examination is usually diagnostic, demonstrating the characteristic multivacuolated oval or polygonal cells. Because of its benign character, treatment consists of simple excision. This article describes a case of a patient with hibernoma.
